Dr/Maged pharmcology 1 phrmacokinetics

Q1 Mention the muscarinic receptors and their molecular mechanism

M1 : Gq
M2 : Gi
M3 : Gq

Q2 Mention organs with only sympathetic supply

1. Radial muscles of Iris

2. Ventricles of heart
3. Most of Blood vessels
4. Pilomotor muscle
5. Renin stores in kidney
6. Sweat glands
7. Modified ganglia

Q3 Mention 2 mydriatics with two different mechanisms

Ephedrine or phenylephrine : α1 agonists cause contraction of radial muscle of iris

causing active mydriasis

Atropine : block M3 in circular muscle of iris causing passive mydriasis

Q4 Mention two drugs similar to neostigmine

Pyridostigmine and Edrophonium

Q5 Name two atropine derivatives and uses

1. Ipratropium : used as bronchodilator in bronchial asthma

2. Darifenacin : in urinary incontinence

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Dr/Maged pharmcology 1 phrmacokinetics

Q6 Justify : Pilocarpine is used in glaucoma

It acts on M3 in circular muscle causes contraction so increase angle of filtration and
increase drainage of aq. Humor so decrease IOP
Also acts on M3 in ciliary muscle causes contraction so widen canal of Schlemm and
increase drainage of aq. Humor so decrease IOP

Q7 Justify : Atropine used in pre operation

1. Protect heart from vagus

2. Decrease respiratory secretions
3. Increase respiratory center in brain
4. Antiemetic

Q8 Clarify cause of death after toxicity with organophosphorus or sarine

gas

Cause of death is respiratory failure because they bind acetyl choline esterase irreversibly
and increase acetyl choline which cause
1. Decrease respiratory center in brain
2. Bronchoconstriction
3. Increase bronchial secretions
4. Contraction of respiratory skeletal muscle then paralysis

Q9 Justify : Neostigmine used in treatment of Myasthenia gravis

Or Neostigmine use in ttt of curare toxicity

Through two mechanisms :

1. Direct action on Nm receptors of skeletal muscles causing contraction
2. Indirect action : it reversibly bind acetyl choline esterase so increase acetyl choline
which acts on Nm receptors of skeletal muscles causing contraction

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