5

6.2. Demand-side measures 53

6.3. Improving access to information 53
6.4. Incentivising integrity in private sector 53
6.5. Company-level safeguards 54
6.6. Spreading the knowledge 54

References 56

FIGURES
Figure 1.1. UNIC Compliance Night, October 2021 13
Figure 2.1. Overview of respondents’ views on corruption and business integrity climate improvement 14
Figure 2.2. Entities presenting highest integrity risk 16
Figure 2.3. Most important forms of business integrity risks 17
Figure 2.4. Impact of bribery and corruption to companies 19
Figure 3.1. Dynamics in business integrity environment, 2016-21 20
Figure 3.2. Governmental assistance to companies in promotion of business integrity culture 22
Figure 3.3. Measures taken by governments to encourage companies improve self-regulation and compliance
programmes 27
Figure 3.4. Development of business integrity measures in public procurement processes 34
Figure 3.5. Awareness of measures taken by governments to promote business integrity in private sector 37
Figure 4.1. Key reasons to adopt code of ethics and/ or conflict of interest rules 38
Figure 4.2. Key reasons NOT to have conflict of interest rules adopted 39
Figure 4.3. Organisational bodies / structures responsible for compliance in companies 41
Figure 4.4. Availability of code of ethics, compliance programmes, conflict of interests rules and compliance
trainings 41
Figure 4.5. Structure and elements of compliance programmes 42
Figure 4.6. Key factors for not having compliance programme audited by external parties 42
Figure 4.7. Incentives for compliance 43
Figure 4.8. Actual use of legal actions and reporting tools available 44
Figure 4.9. Effectiveness of compliance measures established 44
Figure 4.10. Business Integrity Club in Armenia 47
Figure 4.11. UNIC Business Academy Opening 48
Figure 5.1. Impact of the pandemic on business integrity risks 49
Figure 5.2. Impact of the pandemic on business integrity risks 2 50
Figure 6.1. BI/AC needs expressed by governments, business associations and companies 52

TABLE
Table 1.1. Sample of the regional survey 11

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