Abraham

Maslow’s
Hierarchy
of Needs
Abraham Maslow 1908-1970
He is an american psychologist and philosopher
best known for his self-actualization theory of
psychology, which argued that the primary goal of
psychotherapy should be the integration of the self.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is often portrayed in the
shape of a pyramid with the largest, most fundamental
needs at the bottom and the need for self-actualization
and transcendence at the top. In other words, the crux of
the theory is that individuals’ most basic needs must be
met before they become motivated to achieve higher
level needs.
Maslow’s Pyramid of Human Needs
Original Expanded
 Two Sets of Needs

Deficiency Needs Growth Needs

are basic needs arise as a desire to
arising from being grow as an
deprived of individual.
something.
Physiological Needs
These are the physical
requirements for human
survival. If these
requirements are not met,
the human body cannot
function properly and will
ultimately fail.
Safety Needs
These needs provide security
and protection from physical
and emotional harm.
Love/Belonging Needs
The third level of human needs
refers to a human emotional need
for interpersonal relationships,
affiliating, connectedness, and
being part of a group.
Esteem Needs
These are the fourth level in
Maslow’s hierarchy and include
self-worth, accomplishment, and
respect. Esteem presents the
typical human desire to be
accepted and valued by others.
Maslow noted two versions of esteem needs: a
“lower” version and a “higher” version. The
“lower” version of esteem is the need for
respect from others. The “higher” version
manifests itself as the need for self-respect.
Deprivation of these needs may lead to an
inferiority complex, weakness, and
helplessness.
 Cognitive Needs Aesthetic Needs
knowledge and understanding,curiosity, appreciation and search
exploration, need for meaning and for beauty, balance, form,
predictability. etc.
Self-actualization Needs
It refers to the drive to
become what one is
capable of becoming.
These needs include
growth, self-fulfillment
and achievement of
goals.
Transcendence Needs
A person is motivated
by values which
transcend beyond the
personal self
Maslow’s Assumptions in Hierarchy of Needs
Theory are:
01 People’s behavior is based on their needs,
Satisfaction of such needs influences their behavior.

02 People’s needs are in hierarchical order, starting

from basic needs to other higher level needs.

03 A satisfied need can no longer motivate a person

only next higher level need can motivate him.

04 A person moves to the next higher level of the

hierarchy only when the lower need is satisfied.
 Limitations of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
are noted below:
The pattern of hierarchy of
The theory has to refer to needs as suggested by
other motivating factors like Maslow may not be
experience, perception, and applicable uniformly to all
expectation. categories of employees.

2 4

1 3 5
Maslow’s theory is based on Needs of all employees Maslow’s assumption of ‘need hierarchy’
human needs only. There is are not uniform. Many are does not hold good in the present age as
lack of direct cause and effect satisfied only with each person has plenty of needs to be
relationship between need and physiological needs and satisfied, which may not necessarily
behavior. security of employment. follow Maslow’s need hierarchy.
Importance of Hierarchy of Needs
Theory Although Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory
has been criticized on above grounds, still it
holds many advantages or merits. It helps
managers to realize that need level of employee
which should be identified to provide motivation
to them. It helps the managers to understand the
behavior of their employees. It also helps the
managers to provide the right financial and
non-financial motivation to their employees. This
overall helps to increase the efficiency,
productivity and profitability of the organization.
Thank you
for lending
your ears!
 Maslow’s Group
Andres, Lae
Jao, Arabella
Salvador, Patricia Mae
Saul, Jericho
Tumaliuan, Don Lawrence