GEOGRAPHY: GRADE 9

MEMO
75 MARKS
_____________________________________________________________________________
SECTION A: 35 MARKS

QUESTION 1 TOTAL: 13 MARKS

1.1) Define contour lines.

Lines drawn on a map ✔ to show the height of land above sea level ✔ (2)

1.2) Complete the following statements:

1.2.1) Sea level is at 0 ✔ m. (1)
1.2.2) The height difference between any two contours is called contour interval ✔ (1)
1.2.3) Rivers flow in valleys ✔ (1)
1.2.4) A spur ✔ is the wedge of hilly land where two rivers flow. (1)

1.3) Look at the contour map below and answer the questions that follow:

1.3.1) Calculate the contour interval. (2)

50m ✔ ✔
1.3.2) What are the heights at points A and B? (2)
A: 450m ✔
B: 650m ✔

1.4) What term do we give to the steepness of a slope? Gradient ✔

© E-classroom (1)
www.e-classroom.co.za
 1.5) How do we tell the difference between a steep slope and a gentle slope from
a contour map? (2)
Lines closer together show a steeper ✔ slope; while contour lines further ✔ apart
show a gentle slope ✔

QUESTION 2 TOTAL: 22 MARKS

2.1) Look at the map below and answer the questions that follow:

2.1.1) The scale for the map is 1:250 km. Explain what this means. (1)
For every 1cm on the map, 250km is represented ✔

2.1.2) If the distance from Durango to Honduras is 8cm, what would the actual
distance be on the ground? (3)
8 x 250km ✔
= 2000km ✔ ✔

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 2.2) Look at the following map of Cape Town below and answer the following questions:

2.2.1) What is this kind of map called? (1)

Orthophoto map ✔
2.2.2) List three features of this kind of map. (3)
- The scale is always 1:10 000 ✔
- It is a vertical aerial photograph ✔
- Certain features are labelled, such as streets, buildings and rivers ✔
2.2.3) How can height be shown? (1)
Using contour lines ✔
2.3) Topographic maps all have the same scale. What is this scale? (2)
1:50 000 cm ✔ ✔

2.4) Complete the table below, by filling in the missing information. (7)

Feature Symbol Natural or Constructed

WATER TOWER ✔ WT Constructed

Lighthouse ✔ CONSTRUCTED ✔

PERENNIAL RIVER ✔ NATURAL ✔

N
National road ✔ CONSTRUCTED ✔

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 2.5) Explain the difference between perennial and non-perennial rivers. (2)
Perennial rivers flow all year round ✔ while non-perennial rivers only flow for part of the
year ✔

2.6) Draw the correct symbols for a trig beacon and for spot height. (2)
Trig beacon: ✔
Spot height: 82m ✔ (any number measurement)

_____________________________________________________________________________
SECTION B: 40 MARKS

QUESTION 3 TOTAL: 20 MARKS

3.1) Development can be defined as becoming better, stronger and more advanced.
Discuss the three main aspects of development. (9)
1. Economic ✔
- how wealthy a person or country is ✔ per capita income ✔

2. Social ✔
- quality of life ✔ and access to social services and basic needs ✔

3. Environmental ✔
- how countries use natural resources ✔ to ensure sustainability and little long-term
damage ✔

3.2) Two indicators of development are HDI and GDP. Explain what they are. (4)
Human Development Index ✔ measures the well-being and compares the level of
development between different countries ✔

Gross Domestic Product ✔ is the total value of goods and services produced by a
country per year ✔

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 3.3) In 2019, Norway ranked 1st with a HDI of 0.954. South Africa ranked 113th on
0.705, while Zimbabwe ranked 150th with 0.563.
The life expectancy in South Africa and Zimbabwe 63 and 61 years old
respectively. Norway, on the other hand, has a life expectancy of 82.3 years old.

From the information above, answer the following:

3.3.1) Explain the scale for HDI and what is measured. (2)
HDI is measured on a scale from 0 to 1 ✔
The closer to 1, the better the quality of life, the closer to 0, the lower the quality of
life ✔

3.3.2) What do the HDIs of the above countries indicate? (2)

Norway has the highest quality of life ✔ while Zimbabwe has the lowest quality of
life and South Africa has an above average quality of life ✔

3.3.3) Discuss why South Africa and Zimbabwe have similar life expectancies,
while Norway’s is much higher. (3)
The best social indicator of standard of living and level of development in a
country is the life expectancy ✔
Norway has a higher standard of living, good health care and nutrition ✔ whereas
South Africa and Zimbabwe have a lower life expectancy due to factors such as
poverty, poorer health services and a lack of nutrition ✔

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 QUESTION 4 TOTAL: 10 MARKS

Use the following maps to answer the questions below:

World Map Indicating Development of Countries KEY

Purple Advanced economies
Light blue In transition
Orange Less developed
Red Least developed

World Map indicating development f countries

World map indicating the Colonial Empires in 1914

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 4.1) Define colonialism. (2)
Practice of taking over political control ✔ of another country, occupying it with settlers and
exploiting its resources ✔

4.2) “Today, many ex-colonies still have huge developmental problems.”

By drawing on comparisons from the two maps above, explain the truth of this
statement. (4)
South Africa and Zimbabwe are both third world countries who were colonized by Great
Britain ✔. Both of these countries have lower HDIs, lower life expectancies due to poor health
services ✔ and poverty. Most of the countries in north Africa were ✔ colonized by France,
and many of these countries today still have developmental issues ✔ and are seen as Third
World.

4.3) Great Britain had a number of colonies. Name four countries which were under
Great Britain’s colonial empire. (4)
South Africa ✔ New Zealand ✔ Egypt ✔ Nigeria ✔
Canada ✔ Zimbabwe ✔ China ✔ Australia ✔
India ✔ France ✔

QUESTION 5 TOTAL: 10 MARKS

5.1) Describe how trade can benefit the development of a country. (2)
Leads to an increase in wealth and development ✔ by countries learning to use new resources
and selling extra resources ✔

5.2) What are trade imbalances? (2)

When income from exports does not equal the cost of imports ✔ in which a trade deficit
occurs ✔ where the developing country cannot adored to pay off a loan for the country that
has the trade deficit.

5.3.1) There are a number of ways countries can implement unfair trade. Name them. (4)
5.3.2) Discuss one of the above mentioned ways to implement unfair trade. (2)

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za
 5.1 5.2
Trade makes it more difficult for other countries to export their goods ✔ into a
barriers ✔ country that imposes these borders ✔

Subsidies ✔ money is paid to local farmers by government ✔ to make their prices

cheaper than imported goods ✔

Trade tariffs taxes added to prices of imported goods ✔ making them more difficult to
✔ sell than local goods as they are more expensive ✔
Embargoes laws preventing ✔ a country from selling goods to the country imposing
✔ the laws ✔

© E-classroom www.e-classroom.co.za