STUDY GUIDES: CODES AND CONVENTIONS Name: Anna Marie B. Silawan ER ection: St12 Ad 4 * section: rot TABLE OF Performance task no.2 CONTENT a. CATEGORIES OF Sources 4:2 CATEGORIES OF SSE SOURCES OF INFORMATION b. TYPES OF CODES © PRIMARY SOURCE c. THE FOURS TYPES OF © SECONDARY SOURCE TECHNICAL CODES © tertiary Source d. THE FOUR SYMBOLIC CODES e. THE THREE TYPES OF CONVENTION fk PRIMARY SOURCES Examples of primary sources: these sources are records of theses, dissertations, events or evidence as they are first scholarly journal articles described or actually happened (research-based), some without any interpretation or government reports, symposia commentary. It is information that and conference proceedings, is shown for the first time or original artwork, poems, original materials on which other photographs, speeches, research is based. Primary sources letters, memos, personal display original thinking, report on narratives, diaries, interviews, new discoveries, or share fresh autobiographies, and information. correspondence. ). SECONDARY SOURCES ° these sources of fer an analysis or restatement of primary sources. they of ten Examples of Secondary try to describe or explain Sources: dited primary sources. they tend to Textbooks, edited works, books, and articles that be works which summarize, interpret, reorganize, or otherwise provide an added value to primary source. interpret or review research works, histories, biographies, literary criticism, and interpretation, reviews of law and legislation, political analyses, and commentaries.3. TERTIARY SOURCES these are sources that index, abstract, organize, compile, or digest other sources. Some reference materials and textbooks are considered tertiary sources when their chief purpose is to list, summarize or simply repackage ideas or other information. tertiary sources are usually not credited to a particular author. Examples of Tertiary Sources: Dictionaries/encyclopedias (may also be secondary), almanacs, fact B. TYPE OF CODE books, Wikipedia, bibliographies 7 (may also be secondary), e directories, guidebooks, manuals, codes are a system handbooks, and textbooks (may Sen Be secondary), indexing and Sea eon abstracting sources. Codes can be divided ji 062% into two categories: a 3 ¢ TECHNICAL AND ~‘ SYMBOLIC - SYMBOLIC . TECNICAL SYMBOLIC CODES show what is beneath the TECHNICAL CODES are all surface of what we see. how equipment is used to tell story in the media for example, a text. character's actions for example, the camera show you how the works in the filro character feels. C. THE FOUR TYPES OF TECHNICAL CODES © CAMERAWORK © EDITING © AUDIO LIGHTING + CAMERAWORK Camerawork refers to how the 4 camera is operated, positioned, — and moved for specific ef fects. Aspects of camerawork include: 7 a ° Positioning © Movement Framing Exposure Lens choice+ EDITING Editing is the process of choosing, Manipulating, and arranging images and sound. Editing is generally done for four dif ferent reasons: Graphic edits Rhythmic edits Special edits temporal edits Audio is the expressive or naturalistic use of sound. Audio can be diegetic or nondiegetic. the three aspects of audio are: © dialogue © sound effects © music + LIGHTING Lighting is the manipulation of natural or artificial light to selectively highlight specific elements of the scene. Elements of lighting include: * Quality © Direction © Source © Colour D. THE FOUR SYMBOLIC CODES SETTING MISE EN SCENE ACTING © COLOUR+ SETTING © the setting is the time and place of the narrative. When discussing setting, you can describe the setting of the whole story or just a specific scene. A setting can be as big as the outback or space, or as small as a specific room. Setting can even be a created atmosphere or frame of mind. « MISE EN SCENE © Mise en scene is a French term that means ‘everything within the frame’. In media terms it has become to mean the description of all the objects within a frame of the media product and how they have been arranged. An analysis of mise en scene includes: © Set Design © Costume © Props * Staging and Composition 0 ACTING Actors portray characters in media products and contribute to character development, creating tension or advancing the narrative. The actor portrays a character through: Facial expression Body Language Vocal qualities Movement Body contact COLOUR © Colour has highly cultural and strong connotations. When studying the use of colour in a media product the different aspects to be looking at are: ° Dominant colour © Contrasting foils © Colour symbolism£. 3 TYPES OF CONVENTION Conventions are accepted ways of using media codes. Conventions are closely connected fo the audience's expectations of a media product. Different types of conventions include form Conventions, story Conventions, and genre conventions. © FORM CONVENTIONS © STORY CONVENTIONS . Form © GENRE CONVENTIONS CONVENTIONS Another example would be Form conventions are the certain ways continuity editing. Most we expect types of media codes to be video forms follow a set of arranged. For instance, an audience editing rules and expects to have a title of the film at techniques called the beginning and then credits at the — continuity editing which end. Newspapers will have a masthead, allows for the audience to the most important news on the front — easily understand what is page, and sports news on the back going on in a scene and page. Video games usvally start with 2 who is talking to whom. tutorial to explain the mechanics of how the game works. + SPORY CONVENTIONS Story Conventions are common narrative structures and understandings that are common in storytelling media products. Examples of story conventions include: © Narrative structures © Cause and effect © Character construction © Point of View GENRE CONVENTIONS Genre Conventions point to the common use of tropes, characters, settings, or themes in a particular type of medium. Genre conventions are closely linked with audience expectations. Genre Conventions can be formal or thematic.