SECTION II: OBJECTS AROUND

GRAMMAR:
Articles
Plural form of nouns
Sentence Structure
Interrogative and Negative Sentences
The Present Indefinite Tense
Modal Verbs
The Imperative Mood
Pronouns
Prepositions
Numerals
Vocabulary
Objects
an apple
a bag
a ball
a bed
a blackboard
a book
a box
a ceiling
a chair
a clock
a computer
a copy-book / an exercise book
a curtain
a curtain rail
a desk
a door
a floor
a flower
a pen
a pencil
a picture
a rose
a rubber / an eraser
the sky

the sun
a sunflower
a table
a tree
a wall
water
a window
a windowsill
and
but

,
,

Colours
black
jet-black
blue
azure
navy blue
pale blue
sky blue
brown
chocolate brown
chestnut
colourless
copper
cream
crimson
golden
green
malachite green
grey
hazel
lilac
orange
pastel
pink / rosy
purple
red
cherry-red
reddish / ginger
scarlet

,

-
-
-

, -

,
-
2

silver
transparent
turquoise
vinous
violet
white
snow-white / lily-white
yellow
darkdelicatedeeplight-

: .
a (an)
a // ,
(a book); an /n/ ,
(an apple).

, ()
-.
the
, : /
/
(the apple) // (the
book).

, , ,
.
, , .

: the = this, that, the same; a (an) = some, any, such.


- (water) ,
, (friends).
3



-s -es . :
/z/ : a bed beds, a bee bees;
/s/ : a book books;
/z/ -s, -ss, -x, -sh, -(t)ch, -(d)ge: a rose roses.
1

Supply the articles.

____ pen; ____ sun; ____ water; ____ apple; ____ book; ____ table, ____ sky;
____ blue pencil; ____ orange rose; ____ white door; ____ brown desk; ____
yellow sunflower; ____ transparent water; ____ light blue sky; ____ lilac curtain;
____ red bags; ____ snow-white windows; ____ green chairs; ____ orange boxes.
2

Translate the phrases into English.

; ; ; ; ;
- ; ; ;
; - ; ; - .
This These / That Those
this (, , ) ,
, . these.
that (, , ) , ,
, , . those.
(near)
This is a teacher.
These are teachers.

(far)
That is a student.
Those are students.

to be
to be , .
-
.
to be
(+)


I am
Im
You are
Youre
He is
Hes
She is
Shes
It is
Its
We are
Were
You are
Youre
They are
Theyre

(-)
Long form
Short form
I am not
Im not
You are not
You arent
He is not
He isnt
She is not
She isnt
It is not
It isnt
We are not
We arent
You are not
You arent
They are not
They arent
4

(?)
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?

Change the sentences according to the model.

Model: This is a chair. These are chairs. That is a chair. Those are

chairs.
Box, pen, door, flower, apple, window, computer, picture, blackboard, copy-book.
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
5
6

Fill in the verb to be in the Present Simple Tense.

This ______ a wall.
The boxes _____ white.
That curtain ______ purple.
The copy-books ______ red.
These ______ sunflowers.

6. These windows _____ silver.

7. This _____ an apple.
8. The chairs ______ grey.
9. This eraser ______ white.
10. This _____ a yellow carpet.

Name and colour any 6 objects.

Model: This is a chair. The chair is brown.
Translate the sentences into English. Then make them plural.

1. .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

7. -.
8. -.
9. -.
10. -.
11. -.
12. -.

Translate the sentences into English. Then make them plural.

.
7. .
.
8. .
.
9. -.
.
10. -.
.
11. .
.
12. .

Affirmative Sentences (Questions)

1. General Questions. (Yes/No)
,
.
2. Alternative questions. (or) ,
( ). ()
5

3. Tag-questions /Disjunctive questions.

, . ( ?)
4. Special Questions. ,
.
:
What ? ( )
Who ? ( )
When ?
Where ? ?
Why ?
Which ? ( )
What + . ? ( )
What colour ?
How ?
How much ? ( )
How many ? ( )
How often ?
Who ?
Whose ? ? ? ?
Who ? ( )
What ? ( )
That new red book is in my school bag.
1. Is that new red book in my school 1. Yes, it is.
bag?
No, it is not. (it isnt)
2. Is that new red book in my school 2. That new red book is in my school
bag or under the table?
bag.
3. That new red book is in my school 3. Yes, that new red book is in my
bag, isnt it?
school bag.
4. - Where is that new red book?

4. - That new red book is in my school

bag.
- What is in my school bag?
- That new red book is.
- What colour is that new book?
- That new book is red.
- Whose school bag is that new red
- That new red book is in my bag.
book in?

Those new red books are in my school bag.

1. Are those new red books in my 1. Yes, they are.
school bag?
No, they are not. (they arent)
2. Are those new red books in my 2. Those new red books are in my
school bag or under the table?
school bag.
3. Those new red books are in my 3. No, those new red books arent in my
school bag, arent they?
school bag.
4. - Where are those new red books?

4. - Those new red books are in my

school bag.
- What is in my school bag?
- Those new red books are.
- What colour are those new books?
- Those new books are red.
- Whose school bag are those new
- Those new red books are in my
red books in?
bag.

Make the sentences interrogative and negative.

Model: This is a green apple. Is this a green apple? This isnt a green

apple.
This is a red ceiling.
2. These are blue boxes.
3. That is the grey sky.
4. This is a dark-yellow book.
5. These are white chairs.

6. Those are ginger flowers.

7. This is a silver computer.
8. These are hazel doors.
9. That is a crimson curtain.
10. Those are purple beds.

1.

Work in pairs. Choose any 3 objects in the classroom. Ask and answer
as in the model.
Model: Student A: What colour is the wall?
Student B: The wall is white. And what colour is ...
9

Translate the sentences into English. Then make them plural.

101. ?
?
2. ?
-?
3. ?
?
4. ?
, ?
5. , ?
-?
6. ?
?
11

Translate the sentences into English.

7

 . ? ?
.
2. ? . -. .
3. . ? .
4. . ? .
5. , . , .
6. ? . , ? .
7. ? .
8. ? -.
9. ? , .
10. ? . ? ,
?
11. - , - .
12. ? , . . ?
.
13. ? , . . ?
.
14. ? . ? .
? -. .
15. ? . ? , .
? .
16. ? , .
17. ? , .
1.

Vocabulary
a basket
a bottle
chalk
coffee
a cup
a file
a glass
a jar
a lamp
milk
paper
a plate
a rabbit
snow
a sofa

a street
a student
tea
a vase
good / nice
bad
big / large
small
high
low
comfortable
clean
mineral
various
full

( )

Prepositions of place
on
in
at / near / by / beside
next to / close to
against
above
over
below
under
between
behind
opposite / in front of
in the middle of / in the centre of
on the left of
on the right of
in the corner of
right-hand
left-hand

, ,
, ( )
, ()

( )

( )
( )
,

12

Study some prepositions. Make up sentences with these

prepositions.

13

Insert the necessary prepositions.

Fluffy, the Kitty

There is/There are

10

 There is/There are ,

. ,
. :
The book is on the table.
There is a book on the table.
.
() .
The pictures are on the wall.
There are pictures on the wall.
.
() .
:
1) There is/There are;
2) ();
3) (? ?).
1) There is
2) a pencil
3) on the table.
There are
three pencils
on the table.

()
.
( ), to be
c, , .

:
There is a book on the table.
() .
There are pictures on the wall. () .
There is a chair in the corner. () .
to be
:
There is a pencil on the table.
.
There are two pencils on the table.
.
There is a pen and two pencils on
.
the table.
There are two pencils and a pen on

the table.
.

a/an, :
few

some, a few, several

enough

many, a lot of, a great number of

:
little

some, a little

enough

much, a lot of, plenty of, a great amount

of

11

 (+) ( )
There is

There are

a
an

book
apple

in the bag.
on the floor.

--two
few
some
a few
several
enough
many
a lot of
a great number of

books
pens
bags
pictures
apples
pencils
clocks
beds
boxes
chairs

on the table.
on the desk.
in the classroom.
on the wall.
in the basket.
in the box.
on the windowsill.
in the room.
in the corner.
at the table.

(+) ( )

There is

little
some
a little
enough
much
plenty of
a great amount of

chalk
water
milk
paper
tea
coffee
snow

on the table.
in the bottle.
in the glass.
in the file.
in the cup.
in the jar.
in the street.

(-)
There is

not a
not an
no
not any
no

book
apple
picture
water
milk

on the desk.
on the plate.
on the wall.
in the bottle.
in the glass.

There are

not
not any
no

pens
bags
clocks

on the table.
on the sofa.
on the wall.

(?)
Is there

Are there

a
an
no
--any
no

book
apple
pencil
milk
tea
coffee

in the bag?
on the table?
in the box?
in the bottle?
in the glass?
in the cup?

any
--no

windows
students
books

in the room?
in the class?
on the table?

12

Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

Our classroom
This is our classroom. It is not very large, but it is light and comfortable. The
walls in it are yellow; the ceiling is white and the floor is dark-brown. The
windows and the door are white. The door is on the left of the blackboard. There
are six desks in the classroom. There is one table in it. It is hazel with a lightbrown chair at it. There is a blue book, a grey eraser and some pencils and pens on
the table. The yellow pencil is on the left of the book. The red pen is on the right
of the book. The blue book is between the yellow pencil and the red pen. This is a
box. It is with various books. It is on the table, too. The other box is full of
multicoloured balls. The box is on the floor under the table. The table is in front of
the blackboard. The blackboard is on the wall. It is green. There is a clock in the
right-hand corner above the blackboard and a nice picture on the left of the
blackboard. There are some books, pens, pencils and copy-books on the desks.
There are two chairs at each desk. There are many flowers on the windowsills.
The classroom is nice and clean.
14

15

Work in pairs. Ask and answer about any 5 objects in the classroom.
Model: Student A: Where is the clock?
Student B: The clock is above the blackboard.

Make up sentences with the following words.

Model: pen, table The pen is on the table.
The pen is under the table.
The pen is near the table.
1. basket, pencil
4. ball, floor
7. chair, wall
2. clock, blackboard
5. box, book
8. picture, computer
3. copy-book, bag
6. window, bottle
9. curtain, curtain rail.

16

17

Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. ______ this a chair? No, ______ is not a chair, ______ is ______ table.
2. Are ______ books blue? No, ______ books ______ not blue. These books
______ yellow.
3. Is ______ flower stand in the middle of the room? No, ______ flower stand
______ in the corner of ______ room.
4. What ______ this? ______ ______ a classroom.
5. What colour ______ the blackboard? The blackboard ______ green.
6. What ______ are ______ desks in the classroom? The desks ______ brown,
blue and yellow.
7. Where ______ the pen? The pen is ______ the table, the pen ______ the right
______ the book.
13

8. ______ these tables? No, ______ ______ desks.

9. Where ______ the clock? The clock ______ above ______ blackboard.
10. ______ this a classroom? Yes, this ______ a classroom.
Make up affirmative and negative sentences with the construction
there is/there are.
1.
two doors
9. chairs table
classroom
10. clock bottle
2. blackboard wall
11. paper file
3. pictures sofa
12. desk, two chairs classroom
4. eraser box
13. coffee cup
5.
books bags
14. balls basket
6.
pens and pencils
15. table window
desk
16. apple floor
7. windowsills windows
8.
milk glass
18

19

Choose the correct form of the verb to be in the following sentences.

There (is / are) nice books on the desks.

There (is / are) big beds in the room.
3. There (is / are) a large table in the middle of the room.
4. There (is / are) a desk, some beds and a small table there.
5. There (is / are) some pens, pencils and copy-books here.
6. There (is / are) erasers on the desk.
7. There (is / are) some mineral water in the bottle.
8. There (is / are) a brown chair at the table.
9. There (is / are) no apples in the box.
10. There (is / are) no milk in the green cup.
1.
2.

20

Rewrite the following sentences in the plural form.

1. There is a book on the desk.

2. There is a picture on the wall.
3. Is there a basket in the classroom?
4. There is a table and a chair here.
5. Is there a cup on the floor?
6. Is there a bag on the chair?
7. There isnt any apple on the plate.
8. Is there a sofa in the room?
9. There is a blue curtain on the curtain rail.
14

10. There is no computer on the table.

some (+)
any (-;?)
no (-)
every

something
anything
nothing
everything

somebody/someone
anybody/anyone
nobody/no one
everybody/everyone

some , ,
any , ,
no
every
somebody/someone -,
anybody/anyone -,
nobody/no one
everybody/everyone ,

21

somewhere
anywhere
nowhere
everywhere

something -,
anything -,
nothing
everything

somewhere -, -,
anywhere -, -,
nowhere
everywhere c

Fill in the blanks with some, any, no and their derivatives.

There are ____________________ books on the sofa.

2. Is there ____________________ on the desk?
3. Are there ____________________ students in the classroom?
4. Is there ____________________ milk in the cup?
5. There is ____________________ in the street.
6. Are there ____________________ books in my bag?
7. Are there ____________________ pictures in the book?
8. There is ____________________ on the table.
9. There are ____________________ pictures on the wall.
10. There is ____________________ coffee in the jar.
11. Are there ____________________ books on the desk?
12. Is there ____________________ in the room?
13. There are ____________________ glasses in the box.
14. Is there ____________________ in the bag?
15. There is ____________________ chalk somewhere.
1.

Make up all possible questions to these sentences.

Model: There is a white plate behind the cup.
Is there a white plate behind the cup?
General question:
22

15

 Alternative questions: Is there a white or blue plate behind the cup?

Is there a white plate or a green pen behind the cup?
Is there a white plate behind or on the left of the cup?
Is there a white plate behind the cup or behind the glass?
Disjunctive questions: There is a white plate behind the cup, isnt there?
Special questions:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
23

What is there behind the cup?

What colour is the plate?
Where is the white plate?

There are three big sofas in the room.

There is little milk in the cup.
There is a red flower near on the floor.
There is much tea in the glass.
There are many grey pencils in the bag.
Translate into English.

1. .
2. ?
3. .
4. ? . 3 .
5. ?
6. .
7. ?
8. .
9. .
10. , ?
11. .
12. ? .
13. ?
14. ?
15. ?

24

Translate the sentences into English.

. . .
. . .
. ? . ?
? , ,
. . ? .
? . . ?
16

, . ?
.
25

Describe your classroom (or in the picture) using the vocabulary.

Cardinal Numerals ( )
1 one
11 eleven
2 two
12 twelve
3 three
13 thirteen
4 four
14 fourteen
5 five
15 fifteen
6 six
16 sixteen
7 seven
17 seventeen
8 eight
18 eighteen
9 nine
19 nineteen
10 ten
20 twenty
200
368
1 000
2 569
1 500

21
22
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
10
0

twenty-one
twenty-two
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
a (one) hundred

two hundred
three hundred and sixty-eight
a (one) thousand
two thousand five hundred and sixty-nine
or twenty-five hundred and sixty-nine
one thousand five hundred or fifteen hundred
17

1 000 000
a (one) million
1 000 000 000 a (one) billion
200 books two hundred books
3000 cars three thousand cars
4000000 students four million students
But: hundreds of books, thousands of cars, millions of people.
+

x
:

plus
minus
multiply
divide

0
=
even
odd

zero
is
2, 4, 6
1, 3, 5

a) Read the following numbers.

26

41; 12 019; 796; 62; 13 300; 89; 18; 117 151; 2 000 000; 97; 617; 16; 60; 1 820;
17; 255 149; 789; 70; 999; 13; 125; 49 256; 752; 35; 6 213; 450; 151 587; 40 501.
b) Write the numbers you hear.
a)
c)
e)
b)
d)
f)

g)
h)

i)
g)

k)
l)

Do the sums according to the model.

27
Model: How much is three minus one? Three minus one is two.
How much is four plus seven? Four plus seven is eleven.
How much is ten divided by five? Ten divided by five is 2.
How much is two multiplied by three? Two multiplied by
three is six.
6+14=
28:12=
7+5=
11x8=
140:20=
28
a)
1)
b)
1)
2)

36-8=
9x4=
19-12=
344+12=
7x2=

16-5=
20x20=
9-7=
5x13=
200:10=

3-3=
78+9=
12:6=
33:3=
111-15=

Listen to the telephone numbers, write them down and then read them
aloud.
2)

3)

3)
4)

5)
6)
18

29

1.

Listen to some phone numbers in American English. What

differences are there between British and American English?

1)
3)
5)
2)
4)
Vocabulary
an antenna

an armchair

a ball

a bedside table

a blanket

a bone

a bookcase

a bookshelf

a bottle

a bowl
, ,
a carpet

a cat

a coffee table

a dog

a fireplace

a flower pot

a flower stand

a fork

a knife

a label

a lamp

a mantelpiece / a mantelshelf

a mirror

a mushroom

a radiator

a radio set

a shelf

a stool

a telephone

a TV set

a TV set stand

a wardrobe


-f(e):
19

f(e) v + es = /vz/
a knife knives ()
a life lives ()
a thief thieves ()
a half halves ()

a wife wives ()
a wolf wolves ()
a leaf leaves ()
a shelf shelves ()
a loaf loaves ()

, :
a chief chiefs ()
a roof roofs ()
a belief beliefs ()
a safe safes ()

a gulf gulfs ()
a kerchief kerchiefs ()
a handkerchief handkerchiefs (
)

:
a scarf scarfs/scarves ()
a hoof hoofs/hooves ()
a wharf wharfs/wharves ().
2.
:

a // ae /i:/
ex(ix) /ks/
ices /si:z/
is /s/ es /i:z/
on /n/ a
//
um /m/ a
//
us /s/ i / /

an antenna antennae, a formula formulae;

an appendix appendices, an index indices ;
a basis bases, a thesis theses;
a criterion criteria, a phenomenon phenomena;
a medium media, a curriculum curricula;
a cactus cacti, a nucleus nuclei;
a tempo tempi.

o / / i /i:/

30

Do as in the model.
Model: a book (3) This is one book. These are three books.

a door (12)
a pen (37)
a sofa (4)
a pencil (9)
a basket(15)

a chair (769)
a knife (100)
8. a floor (8)
9. a window (17)
10. a cat (6)
6.
7.

a box (44)
a plate (21)
a label (576)
a rubber (83)
a wardrobe (3)
20

a glass (70)
a fork (16)
a mirror (5379)
a blanket (101)
an antenna (98)

31

32

Describe every dog in the picture.

Model: The dog number one is in the corner of the room.

Correct the sentences according to the picture.

1. The dog number 1 is on the ceiling.
2. The dog number 2 is at the table.
3. The dog number 3 is between the table and the door.
4. The dog number 4 is above the armchair.
5. The dog number 5 is under the carpet.
6. The dog number 6 is on the table.
7. The dog number 7 is in front of the armchair.
8. The dog number 8 is on the window.
9. The dog number 9 is under the door.
10. The dog number 10 is in the carpet.
11. The dog number 11 is over the basket.
12. The dog number 12 is behind the picture.
13. The dog number 13 is in the fireplace.
14. The dog number 14 is on the right of the picture.
21

33

34

Describe each picture.

Fill in the appropriate prepositions.

1. The carpet is the floor.

2. The radiator is the windowsill.
3. The knife is the glass.
4. The curtain rail is the window.
5. The armchair is the wall.
6. The flower stand is the carpet.
7. The blanket is the bed.
8. The mushroom is the basket.
9. The pen is the book and the copy-book.
10. The window is the left the door.
35

Think logically and correct the sentences.

1. The table is on the armchair.

2. The blanket is under the bed.

The door is in the window.

The knife is under the carpet.
22

3. The flower pot is in the clock.

4. The picture is in the window.
5. The pencil is under the TV set.

The flower is on the flower pot.

The bottle is in the radiator.
The computer is under the bed.

Read the text and translate it into Ukrainian.

My room
This is a room. The room is not big. It is small but light. The ceiling is high.
The windows are big. They are white. These are curtains. The curtains are yellow.
The curtains are on the brown curtain rail. The curtain rail is above the window.
There is a nice picture on the wall on the right of the window. There is a white
radiator under the window. The brown bed with a blue blanket is at the window.
There is a bedside table on the right of the bed. It is yellow. There is a radio set on
the bedside table. The radio set is black. It is a good radio. It is not bad. This is a
radio with an antenna. There is a stool at the bedside table. The flower pot is on
the flower stand in the corner of the room. The flower pot and the flower stand are
brown. The flower is pink.
This is another bedside table. It is on the left of the bed. This bedside table is
yellow, too. There is a brown TV set near the bedside table. The TV set is not big,
but it is very good. This is a colour TV set with an antenna. The TV set is under
the bookshelves on the TV set stand. The bookshelves with good books are on the
wall. The books are multicoloured.
There is a table in the middle of the room. The table is on the multicoloured
carpet. There is a white cup and a bottle of mineral water on the table. The bottle
is green. The label is red and white. The mineral water is very good. There are
glasses on the right and on the left of the bottle. The vase with flowers is behind
the glass. There is also a bowl with red and yellow apples near the vase. This is a
knife, and this is a fork. The plate is between the knife and the fork. The plate is
white. There are many mushrooms in the basket. The basket is under the table on
the floor. The armchair is on the right of the table.
36

37

Translate into English.

1. . . .
2. 6 . .
3. ? . . .
4. ? . .
5. . .
6. ? . -.
7. . .
8. ? ? ?
9. . .
10. ? ?

11. ? ?
23

12. . ? .
13. , ?
14. ?
15. ?

38

Translate into English.

, , . .
. ?
.
. ? ?
?
? ?
. .
, . , , .
. ,
. ?
? ? .
39

Describe your own room or the room in the pictures below using the
vocabulary list.

Picture A

24

Picture B

TIME ()

25

- What time is it now? ?

- It is 3 oclock.
3 .
- It is 3 oclock sharp. 3 .
It is 10 oclock in the morning.
It is 3 oclock in the afternoon.
It is 7 oclock in the evening.

It is 10 a.m.
It is 3 p.m.
It is 7 p.m.

-10 .
- 3 .
- 7 .

12 17 = in the afternoon
24 12 = a.m. (ante meridiem) = in the morning
12 24 = p.m. (post meridiem) = in the evening

12:00 = It is midday. .

00:00 = It is midnight. .

8:05
8:10
8:15
8:20
8:25
8:30

8:35
8:40
8:45
8:50
8:55

40

Its 5 (minutes) past 8 a.m.

Its 10 past 8 a.m.
Its a quarter past 8 a.m.
Its 20 past 8 a.m.
Its 25 past 8 a.m.
Its half past 8 a.m.
Read the times.

26

Its 25 to 9 a.m.
Its 20 to 9 a.m.
Its a quarter to 9 a.m.
Its 10 to 9 a.m.
Its 5 to 9 a.m.

15:55
2. 7:30
3. 4:15
4. 22:10
1.

5.
6.
7.
8.

5:05
14:45
2:25
12:30

9.
10.
11.
12.

21:20
19:00
9:15
18:55

13.
14.
15.
16.

13:35
14:10
17:05
1:40

Write the times after the tape. Practice saying them.

41
1. ___________
5. ___________
9. ___________
2. ___________
6. ___________
10. __________
3. ___________
7. ___________
11. __________
4. ___________
8. ___________
12. __________
42

17.
18.
19.
20.

23:20
0:00
16:45
20:20

13. ___________
14. ___________
15. ___________
16. ___________

Write the times. Then listen and check. Practice saying them.

a 9:55

____________________

___________________
_
b 7:15 ____________________
h 3:10
___________________
_
c 9:30 ____________________
i 9:25
___________________
_
d 8:40 ____________________
j 7:50
___________________
_
e 6:45 ____________________
k 2:55
___________________
_
f 12:05 ____________________
l 9:35
___________________
_
Its 4 oclock in London. Listen and mark the time around the world
43
on the clocks. Then work in pairs. Ask and answer.
Model: What time is it in Los Angeles?
1. Los Angeles
2. Sao Paulo
3. London

4. Moscow

2:45

5. Tokyo

27

6. Aukland


How do you do!
Hello!
Hi!
Hi there!
Good morning!
Good day!
Good afternoon!
Good evening!
Good night!
Good bye!
Bye-bye!
Bye!
See you!
See you soon!

Thank you.
Thanks.
My pleasure.
Thank you very much.
Thank you so much.
You are welcome.
Not at all.
44

()! ( )
()!
!
!
!
! ( )
! ( 12:00 17:00)
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
.
.
.
.
.
. / .
.

Translate into English.

1. ! !
2. ! !
3. ! !
4. ! !
5. ! !
Vocabulary
a second

28

a minute
an hour
midday
midnight
a watch
to be slow
to be fast
to be busy with smth
by my watch
it is late
it is time (for me) to leave
lets hurry up
heres the bell
settled / agreed
with pleasure
45

()

()

Read, learn and act out the following dialogues.

Dialogue 1.
Ann: Hi!
John: Hello!
Ann: What time is it now?
John: Its half past ten by my watch.
Ann: And by mine its only a quarter past ten.
John: Your watch is 15 minutes slow, Im afraid.
Ann: Then its time for me to leave. Its late. See you!
John: Bye-bye, then.

Dialogue 2.
Andrew: Whats the time by your watch?
Steve:
Its ten to one.
Andrew: Oh, really? Its 5 minutes to one by mine.
Steve:
Isnt your watch too fast?
Andrew: No, it isnt. Its a bit slow, in fact. Its one sharp.
Steve:
Lets hurry up. Heres the bell.
Andrew: So its exactly one oclock.
Steve:
Yeah.
Dialogue 3.
29

Helen:
Emma:
Helen:
Emma:
Helen:
Emma:
Helen:
Emma:
Helen:
Emma:
46

Hello!
Hi!
What are you busy with?
Im busy with my calculations. Why?
Its time to leave.
What time is it now?
Its already 6 oclock in the evening.
Oh, really? Its time to leave.
Agreed. Lets go together.
With pleasure.

Role-play the following situations.

1. , . ,
, . .
2. . ,
. .
.
3. , .
, .
Years ()
:
1917 nineteen seventeen
1905 nineteen -0//- five
1756 seventeen fifty six
2100 twenty one hundred
2003 twenty -0//- three or two thousand and three
47

Read the following years.

1643; 2004; 1987; 1900; 1543; 1908; 2867; 1764.

Ordinal Numerals ( )
1 the first
11 the eleventh
21
2 the second
12 the twelfth
22
3 the third
13 the thirteenth
30
4 the fourth
14 the fourteenth
40
5 the fifth
15 the fifteenth
50
6 the sixth
16 the sixteenth
60
7 the seventh
17 the seventeenth
70
8 the eighth
18 the eighteenth
80
9 the ninth
19 the nineteenth
90
1 the tenth
20 the twentieth
30

the twenty first

the twenty second
the thirtieth
the fortieth
the fiftieth
the sixtieth
the seventieth
the eightieth
the ninetieth

10
0

the hundredth

200
368
1 000
2 569

the two hundredth

the three hundred and sixty eighth
the thousandth
the two thousand five hundred and sixty ninth
or the twenty five hundred and sixty ninth
1 500
the one thousand five hundredth
or the fifteen hundredth
1 000 000
the millionth
1 000 000 000 the billionth
48
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
49

Listen to the ordinal numerals and write them down. Then practice
saying them.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Read the ordinal numerals.

67; 93; 11; 52; 90; 6 543; 1 111; 609; 34; 56 478; 17; 12; 21; 100; 600; 82 635;
673 096; 9 721 453; 8 888 888; 1 056 302; 34 975 239; 53 967 003; 742 052 613.
Vocabulary
working day
weekend day
today
yesterday
tomorrow
week

(, )

31

year
favourite
day
Sunday
Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
month
January
February
March
April
May
June

season
winter
spring
summer
autumn

July
August
September
October
November
December

Prepositions of time
AT
for the time of day
at five oclock
at 11.45
at midnight/noon/night
at lunch/dinner/breakfast
(time)
at sunset/dawn
at the/that moment
at present
at the same time
at the weekend
at weekends
at Christmas/Easter
at the end of the month
at the age of 34

IN
for periods
in the morning
in the evening
in the afternoon
in October (months)
in (the) winter (seasons)
in 2004 (years)
in 1990s
in the 19th century
in the Middle Ages
in the past
in (the) future
in the Easter holiday(s)
in a week (a week from now)
in a moment (a moment
from now)
in six months time (six
months from now)
32

ON
for days and dates
on Friday/on Fridays
on Easter Sunday
on Christmas Day
on my birthday
on July 30th 1999
on a summer afternoon
on that day
on Sunday morning (s)
on the weekend (Am.En)

a)

c)

d)

Note 1. We also use IN to say how long it takes to do something: I can learn a
poem in 2 hours.
Note 2. We never use AT/ON/IN before yesterday, tomorrow, next, last, this,
every: last March, yesterday evening.
50

Read the dates.

Model: 12.02.1985 February the twelfth, nineteen eighty five
The twelfth of February, nineteen eighty five

01.01.1994
24.01.1950
23.08.1943
12.05.1940
08.01.1908
51

19.04.1963
18.02.1975
01.09.1912
30.06.1978
20.02.1981

09.05.1945
24.03.1954
10.10.1965
01.04.2004
28.07.1905

01.06.1936
18.04.1975
25.11.1918
06.03.1956
28.05.2013

21.07.1928
26.04.1949
31.12.1975
30.08.1993
23.02.2006

There are two ways of saying dates.

Listen and check.

8/1/98

16/7/85

25/11/02

b)

Look at the same dates in written American English. Whats the

difference? Listen and check.
1/8/98
7/16/85
11/25/02
Practice these dates. They are in British English. Listen and check.
4 June
21/1/1988
5 August
2/12/1996
31 July
5/4/1980
1 March
11/6/1965
3 February
18/10/2000
31/1/2005
Practice saying these dates:
1 April
29/2/1976
2 March
19/12/1983
17 September
3/10/1999
19 November
31/5/2000
23 June
15/7/2004
52

Complete the time expressions with at, on, in or (no) preposition.

____ six oclock

____ night
____ Monday morning

____ Saturday
____ December
____ summer
33

____ 1995
____ the weekend
____ January 18

____ the evening

53

____ the afternoon

Fill in at, on or in.

1. _____6 June
2. _____ the evening
3. _____half past two
4. _____Wednesday
5. _____1997
6. _____September
54

____ yesterday evening

7. _____24 September
8. _____ Thursday
9. _____11.35
10. _____Christmas Day
11. _____Christmas
12. _____the morning

13. _____Friday morning

14. _____Saturday night
15. _____ night
16. _____ the end of the day
17. _____the weekend
18. _____winter

Answer the questions.

1. What is your favourite working day?

2. What is your favourite weekend day?
3. What are the working days?
4. What is the first working day?
5. What is the seventh day of the week?
6. What is the second day of the week?
7. What is the day after Wednesday?
8. What is your friends favourite day?
9. What day is it today?
10. When is your birthday?
11. What is your favourite month?
12. What is your favourite season?
Vocabulary
to answer
to ask
to be
to begin
to bring
to call
to close
to come
to cook
to drink
to drive
to find
to give
to go
to help

()

34

to open
to paint
to play
to put
to read
to say
to see
to show
to sit
to sit down
to speak
to stand
to stand up
to stay
to swim
to take
to tell
to translate
to write
to write down

,
()

, , .
1. ,
(, ), to:
to read
Read this text!
() !
to translate
Translate these sentences!
() !
to open
Open the door!
!
to be
Be my friend!
.
2. do

.
Do go home!
!
Do come to us!
!
Do be my friend!
!
3. do
not.
Dont stay here!
!
Dont be angry!
!
Dont call me!
.
35

4. , ,
let. ,
,
.
Let
him
open the door! !
Let
her
stay here!
.
Let
it
be forever!
.
Let
them
sing!
.
Let
Peter
help us!
!
Let
the students go home!
.
Dont let the children play there.
.
5. let
,
.
Let us (Lets)
go to the cinema!
!
Lets
call him!
!
Let me
come to you!
!

? ?
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they

55

? ?
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them

? ? ?
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their

Translate into Ukrainian.

1. Give me the book.

2. Take the second book.
3. Put your books on the table.
4. Say, A chair.
5. Give me his pen.
6. Take the pen and put it into the box.
7. Stand up, please.
8. Say it, please.
9. Lets read that.
10. Sit down, please.

11. Put their pens into her bag.

12. Take my book and put it on the desk.
13. Write down, please.
14. Go and close the door.
15. Open your books, please.
16. Dont go with Max.
17. Dont read.
18. Dont take these apples.
19. Dont open the window.
20. Let me open this door.
36

Vocabulary
an exercise
a notebook
a question
an answer
a word
a phrase
a sentence
a text

, ;

Translate into Ukrainian and make the sentences negative.

561. Stand up.
11. Read the exercise.
2. Sit down.
12. Now ask a question.
3. Now take your book.
13. Close the book.
4. Give the book to your friend.
14. Put it on the desk.
5. Take the book.
15. Read the words.
6. Open the book.
16. Take the notebook.
7. Give it to your partner.
17. Write the words: ask, answer.
8. Now open the box.
18. Close the notebook.
9. Answer the questions.
19. Put it on the book.
10. Read the text.
20. Open the window, please.
57

Make up ten sentences using the verbs from the vocabulary list.

Model: Dont show me the bag.

Let her friend speak English.
Help me with my homework, please.
58

Translate into English.

1. , , .
2. .
3. .
4. .
5. .
6. .
7. .
8. .
9. .
10. , .
11. !
37

12. .
13. .
14. .
15. .
16. .
17. .
18. . , .
19. . , , .
20. .
Proper Names ( )
Adam

Andrew ,
John
,
Bob

Nick

Jack

Eve
Ann
Mary
Linda
Jane
Helen

,
,
,

CAN
The modal verb CAN is used to express physical or mental abilities.
CAN
.
The Structures of Sentences with can
Affirmative (+)
Negative (-)
Interrogative (?)
Long form
Short form
I can
I cannot
I cant
Can I?
You can
You cannot
You cant
Can you?
He can
He cannot
He cant
Can he?
She can
She cannot
She cant
Can she?
It can
It cannot
It cant
Can it?
We can
We cannot
We cant
Can we?
You can
You cannot
You cant
Can you?
They can
They cannot
They cant Can they?
Construct the sentences and then make them negative and
interrogative.
Model: Adam can read the exercise.
Adam cant read the exercise.
Can Adam read the exercise?
1. Eve write words numbers.
2. Ann translate text.
3. Andrew close window
59

38

John take book.

5. Mary give pen.
6. Linda put pencil desk.
7. Jack speak English.
8. Bob open door close windows.
9. Helen put plates blue box.
10. Adam translate words.
4.

What can Ann and Susan do? Make up sentences about the girls.
Example: Ann can paint, but Susan cant.
Ann
Susan
play football
x
x
cook

swim
x

do crosswords
x

paint
x

drive a car
x

60

61
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

62

Complete the questions with can and a suitable verb. Then answer the
questions.
Can you drive a car?
Yes, I can.
______ you ______ crosswords?
______ you ______ English?
______ you ______ basketball?
______ you ______ the guitar?
______ you ______ coffee?
______ you ______ fish?
______ you ______ the piano?
Answer the questions.

How many books can you read a day?

How many words can you write a minute?
How many exercises can you do in the evening?
How many texts can you translate today?
5. How many girls can you see?
6. How much water can you drink a day?
7. How many bottles can you open a minute?
8. How many windows can you see?
9. How many words can you translate in this exercise?
10. How many exercises can we write down during a lesson?
1.
2.
3.
4.

39

63

Translate into English.

1. ?
2. ?
3. ?
4. ?
5. ?
6. ?
7. ?

the room of my sister
my sisters room
the son of his friend
his friends son
the works of Shevchenko
Shevchenkos works
the books of the students
the students books
the room of the children
the childrens room
novels of Dickens
Dickens novels

Possessive Adjectives

( )
followed by a noun
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
my book

64

Possessive Pronouns

( )
not followed by a noun
mine
yours
his
hers
ours
yours
theirs
a book of mine

Construct the sentences as in the model.

Model: Jane pencil. This is Janes pencil.
This is her pencil.
The pencil is hers.

1. Adam book.
2. Eve copy-book.
3. Ann table.
4. Andrew pens.

11. Bob desk.

12. Nick armchairs.
13. Adam and Eve room.
14. John and Mary TV set.
40

5. John pencil.
6. Mary bag.
7. Linda chairs.
8. Jack box.
9. Helen bookshelf.
10. Jane bed.

15. Jane and Nick radio.

16. Helen and Bob cups.
17. Linda and Jack glasses.
18. Ann and Andrew books.
19. Adam and Eve bedside tables.
20. John and Mary forks and knives.

Ask and answer.

Model: Whose book is this? This is Adams book.
1. an antenna (Bob)
4. a bottle of mineral water (Ann)
2. a radiator (Andrew)
5. a basket with mushrooms (Eve)
3. mirrors (Mary)
6. apples (John and Adam)

65

66

Work in pairs. Use the objects in your room to construct the dialogues.
Model: - Whose book is this?
- This is my friends book.

: I live in England.
: He reads English literature.
: She is an Englishwoman.
Country

Africa

African
America /
/ -American
The USA

Argentina

Argentinian
Austria

Austrian
Autralia

Australian
Bangladesh

Bangladesh(i)
Belgium

Belgian
Brazil

Brazilian
Britain

British
Cambodia

Cambodian
Chile

Chilean
China

Chinese
Colombia

Colombian
Croatia

Croatian
41

an African
an American
an Argentinian
an Austrian
an Australian
a Bangladeshi
a Belgian
a Brazilian
a Briton / Britisher
a Cambodian
a Chilean
a Chinese
a Colombian
a Croat

the Czech Republic Czech

Denmark

Danish
England

English
Finland
France

Finnish
French

Germany
Greece
Holland /
The Netherlands
Hungary
Iceland
India
Indonesia
Iran
Iraq
Ireland

German
Greek
Dutch

Israel
Jamaica
Japan
Mexico
Morocco
Norway
Peru
the Philippines
Poland
Portugal
Rumania
Russia
Saudi Arabia

Israeli
Jamaican
Japanese
Mexican
Moroccan
Norwegian
Peruvian
Philippine
Polish
Portuguese
Rumanian
Russian
Saudi /
Saudi Arabian

Hungarian
Icelandic
Indian
Indonesian
Iranian
Iraqi
Irish

42

a Czech
a Dane
an Englishman /
Englishwoman
a Finn
a Frenchman /
Frenchwoman
a German
a Greek
a Dutchman /
Dutchwoman
a Hungarian
an Icelander
an Indian
an Indonesian
an Iranian
an Iraqi
an Irishman /
Irishwoman
an Israeli
a Jamaican
a Japanese
a Mexican
a Moroccan
a Norwegian
a Peruvian
a Filipino
a Pole
a Portuguese
a Rumanian
a Russian
a Saudi /
a Saudi Arabian

Scotland
Serbia
the Slovak
Republic
Sweden
Switzerland
Thailand
Tunisia
Turkey
Vietnam
Wales

Scottish
Serbian
Slovak

a Scot
a Serb
a Slovak

Swedish
Swiss
Thai
Tunisian
Turkish
Vietnamese
Welsh

Yugoslavia

Yugoslav

a Swede
a Swiss
a Thai
a Tunisian
a Turk
a Vietnamese
a Welshman /
Welshwoman
a Yugoslav

67

Name the countries.

Thai
French
Scottish
Russian
68
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

69

Italian
British
Ukrainian
Irish

Fill in the gaps.

John is English. He is from ...
This lady is American. She is from ...
We are Dutch. We are from ...
Im Turkish. Im from ...
They are Spanish. They are from
Yoko is Japanese. She is from ...
My parents are Brazilian. They are from ...
That nice man is Welsh. He is from ...
Name the nationalities.

Germany
China
Poland
Norway

Iceland
Greece
Israel
Denmark
43

tense

formation

cases of usage

Present Simple=Present Indefinite

=

I like
we like
you like
you like
he,she,it likes
they like

I like
we like
you like
you like
he,she,it likes
they like
1.

Water freezes at zero.

2.

, .

I often write letters to my sister.

3.
, ,,,

I dont understand you.

4. ( , ,

time
indicators

Vocabulary
an animal
an apartment
a boy
chess
chocolate
a dancer
a doctor
an eye
a game
a girl
hair
a leg
a letter

The classes start at 7 a.m.

every day from time to time
usually
seldom=rarely
often
at weekends
always
on Sundays
never
twice a week
sometimes
as a rule

()

,
44

a man
meat
milk
parents
people
practice
snow
a spider
subway
sugar
a sweet
a teacher
an uncle
a woman
to eat
to get up
to hate
to kill
to know
to live
to love
to sleep
to smoke
to study
to talk
to use
to visit
to wake up
to work
cheap
expensive
clever
cold
different
difficult
easy
exciting
fast
friendly
happy
healthy

'

()

,
45

interesting
late
lovely
old

70

-y:
+ y = y i + es: a fly flies;
+ y = y + s: a boy boys.
7 :
a man men ()
a goose geese ()
a woman women ()
a mouse mice ()
a foot feet ()
a louse lice ()
a tooth teeth ()
3 -en:
an ox oxen ()
a child children ()
a brother brethren ( (.))
Underline the true sentence.

1. In the morning people always/never/sometimes wake up.

2. Spiders never/sometimes/often kill people.
3. Children never/dont often /usually like sweets.
4. In the game of chess, black always/never/usually starts.
5. People with brown hair dont often/never/often have brown
6. Monday always/often/ usually comes before Tuesday.
7. A year always/never/usually has 324 days.
8. Spiders always/ often/sometimes have eight legs.
9. People never/ always/ sometimes smoke.
10. Animals never/ always/ sometimes talk.

71
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

eyes.

Make the sentences negative and vice versa.

My brother loves sweets.
We always go to the park.
Spiders are nice.
They live in Lviv.
Max doesnt eat vegetables.
That child sleeps well.
The house is very big.

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
46

Chocolate is brown.
Monday isnt a day off.
I have two cats.
His name is Steve.
Dogs are clever.
She often visits us.
Red isnt my favourite colour.

8. My children go to school.
9. My dog hates meat.
10. They never come home late.

18. Milk is healthy.

19. You are at home.
20. His friend has three children.

Make the following sentences negative. Then give the right

information.
1. Milk is green.
4. The sky is yellow.
2. Dogs like cats.
5. Ukrainians speak Spanish.
3. Children hate chocolate.
6. Cats eat apples.

72

Interrogative Sentences
He visits his granny twice a week.
I. General questions
1. Does he visit his granny twice a week?
2. Doesnt he visit his granny twice a week?
II. Alternative questions
1. Does he or she visit his granny twice a week?
2. Does he visit or write to his granny twice a week?
3. Does he visit his or their granny twice a week?
4. Does he visit his granny or his uncle twice a week?
5. Does he visit his granny twice or once a week?
6. Does he visit his granny twice a week or twice a month?
III. Disjunctive questions
1. He visits his granny twice a week, doesnt he?
2. He doesnt visit his granny twice a week, does he?
IV. Special questions
1. Who visits his granny twice a week?
2. What does he do twice a week?
3. Who does he visit twice a week?
4. Whose granny does he visit twice a week?
5. How often does he visit his granny?
6. How many times a week does he visit his granny?
73
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Write questions for these answers.

He works in a language school.
They get up at 6 oclock.
No, she doesnt smoke.
She speaks Spanish and Italian.
We live in London.
We live here because we like this place.
47

7. He has coffee with sugar every morning.

74

Make up questions to the underlined parts of the sentences.

a)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

The book is light blue.

My favourite number is five.
They are from Brazil.
These are very nice flowers.
We are friends.

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

This is my cat.
The cat is in the basket.
Im on holiday in Portugal.
You are a famous mathematician.
This is a big black dog.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

They come from Britain.

She has a mobile phone.
He speaks Italian.
I have a big black dog.
Linda and John like apples.

6. Susan gets up at 9 oclock.

7. This man lives in New York.
8. Helen studies in Lviv.
9. I have two cats.
10. He drinks ten cups of coffee

b)

a day.

75
1.

Choose the correct response from those in the right-hand column:

What is your friend?
a) He is a doctor.
b) He is nice.

2.

Whats your mothers name?

a) Her name is Ann.

b) She is Ann.

3.

What does he do?

a) Its a student.
b) Hes a student.

4.

How old is he?

a) Fifteen years.
b) Hes fifteen.

5.

Does he have a dog?

a) No, he doesnt.
b) No, he hasnt.

76

Add tags to the following questions.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

He is a good doctor, _______________?

Your wife doesnt like books, _______________?
These people are from Scotland, _______________?
You know the rules, _______________?
Your parents are not English, _______________?
Its not your book, _______________?
Its an interesting film, _______________?
He speaks English, _______________?
48

9. They dont read English books, _______________?

10. Your parents are nice, _______________?
11. This house is not old, _______________?
12. He likes green tea, _______________?
13. You dont know this boy, _______________?
14. He always comes home at 6 oclock, _______________?
15. She never speaks German, _______________?
16. My uncle has a big flat, _______________?
17. Steve never works on Sundays, _______________?
18. They often help us, _______________?

77

Dorita is an English student at a school in New York.

a) Read her letter to Miguel, her brother in Argentina. Fill in the gaps with
the appropriate verb forms.
41 46th Street
Sunnyside, New York
11104
February 12

Dear Miguel,
How are you? I __________ (to be) fine. Heres a letter in English. It __________
(to be) good practice for you and me!
I __________ (to have) classes in English at a la Guardia Community
College. I __________ (to be) in a class with eight students. They __________ (to
be) all from different countries: Japan, Brazil, Switzerland, Poland and Italy. Our
teachers name __________ (to be) Isabel. She __________ (to be) very nice and
a very good teacher.
I __________ (to live) in an apartment with two American girls, Annie and
Marnie Kass. They __________ (to be) sisters. Annie __________ (to be) 20
years old and she __________ (to be) a dancer. Marnie __________ (to be) 18 and
she __________ (to be) a student. They __________ (to be) very friendly, but it
_________ (to be) easy to understand them. They _________ (to speak) very fast!
New York __________ (to be) very big, very exciting but very expensive!
The subway __________ (not to be) difficult to use and it __________ (to be)
cheap. It __________ (to be) very cold now but Central Park __________ (to be)
lovely in the snow. I __________ (to be) very happy here.
Write to me soon.
Love, Dorita.
b) Listen and check.
c) Correct the statements about Doritas letter.
1. Dorita is from Argentina.
49

2. She is in Miami.
3. Dorita is happy in New York.
4. She is on holiday.
5. Her class is very big.
6. The students in her class are all from South America.
7. Annie and Marnie are both students.
8. The subway is easy to use.
d) Write the questions about Doritas letter.
1. ______________________________________________________? Argentina.
2. ___________________________? Japan, Brazil, Switzerland, Poland and Italy.
3. _________________________________________________________? Isabel.
4. _______________________________? They are sisters. They live with Dorita.
5. _______________________________? Annie is twenty and Marnie is eighteen.
6. _____________________________________________? Yes. New York is big.
e) Listen to three conversations. Where is Dorita? Who is she with?
1.
2.
3.
Vocabulary
an arrival
a departure
a car
an exam
a first name
a surname / family name
a patronymic
fish
an interpreter
a language
a nationality
an occupation
a passport
a penfriend
pleasure
a post code
a reason
a signature
a swimming pool

50

theatre
a university
waltz
to become
to dance
to go for a walk
to take a pet for a walk
to go to bed
to learn
to listen (to)
to want
to watch
close
dear
78

Study some tips concerning the organization of an informal letter and

write a similar one to your penfriend about you.

Your address
(right upper corner):
house number, street name
(district), city, post code
date
Greeting:
Dear Maria,
dear + name

10 Church Lane
Sunnyside, New York 11104
February 12

Introduction

Im very happy that we are penfriends and I can tell

you about myself in English.

Body of the letter:

where you live,
who you live with,
what you do,
what you like, etc

I live in New York, its a very nice and big city. My

flat is near a big park where I can take my dog,
Mickey, for a walk. I live with my parents and my
younger brother, Paul. Our family is friendly.
I study at the university where I have a lot of friends. I
learn two languages: English and German and want to
be an interpreter.
In the evenings I sometimes visit friends or stay at
home and listen to music and at weekends I play
football or go to the swimming pool.

Ending:

I hope you we can become good friends. Please, write

soon!
to a friend: Best wishes or Best wishes,
51

Regards
to a very close person:
Love
Your
name
signature
79

or Francis Jones

Underline the correct preposition.

1. What is that in/at English?

2. Do you have a passport for/with you?
3. In/-- the evening I listen --/to music.
4. We have two dogs at/in my family.
5. Lets go for/to a walk.
6. John is a student at/for Cambridge University.
7. We have cable TV at/to home.
8. I have a pen in/on my bag.
9. Lets go in/to the university.
10. Philip speaks in/-- good German.

In each of the following sentences there is a mistake. Find it and

correct it.
1. I like London because it nice.
11. Alice is doctor.
2. My sister is six year old.
12. She speaks the Spanish very well.
3. I usually go in Italy on holiday.
13. Im in London for to study English.
4. She wants to give flowers me.
14. He never read newspapers.
5. He has black dog.
15. He is like black coffee.
6. I want a apple.
16. Ann cans speak French.
7. I often watch TV in evening.
17. Linda wants go home.
8. I live with a cats.
18. Japanese people eats a lot of fish.
9. Hers friends are from Germany.
19. They not want to go there.
10. She never listens music.
20. Dont read this letters.
80

81

Read and answer the questions.

1. What is your first name?

2. What is your surname?
3. What is your patronymic?
4. When is your birthday?
5. What is your brothers name?
6. Where are you from?
7. Are you Spanish?
52

8. Is your mother from Finland?

9. Can your parents speak French?
10. What languages do you speak?
11. What are you?
12. How old are you?
13. How old is your cat/dog?
14. Where do you live?
15. What is your address?
16. Have you got a house?
17. What is your phone number?
18. Can you dance waltz?
19. When do you usually go to bed?
20. What colour is your car?
21. What is your favourite day?
22. What is your favourite colour?
23. What do you drink in the morning?
24. What is your favourite month?
25. Do you like theater?
82

You want to go to London to study English. Complete this form.

The Oak Tree School of English

PLEASE WRITE IN CAPITAL LETTERS

Mr/Mrs/Ms
First name
Nationality
Address in your country

Family name
Date of birth
Occupation
Language(s)

Date of arrival
Date of departure
Reason for learning English: business/pleasure/exams/other
How many hours a day do you want to study?
How long do you want to stay at the school?
What date do you want to start?
Signature
Vocabulary
an article
breakfast

53

Enrolment form

lunch
dinner
a business card
a company
an insurance company
cinema
a document
a hotel
a magazine
a mouse
a neighbour
a relative
a daughter
a son
a grandmother
a grandfather
a niece
a nephew
a restaurant
a sales manager
a vegetable
to be afraid (of)
to be busy
to be over
to buy
to come from
to enjoy
to give a ring
to introduce
to prefer
to prepare
to see each other
to smile
to travel
tasty / delicious
on business
on holiday
likewise
83

()

Translate into English.

54

1. . ,
.
2. , .
3. .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , ,
.
7. , .
8. , .
9. .
10. .
TOO, ALSO, NEITHER
I like coffee, too.
I also like coffee.
I dont like coffee either.
84

Translate into English.

1. , , .
2. . . .
. , .
3. ', . '.
.
4. . .
. .
5. . .
. .
6. , 7 .
. .
7. . .
. .
8. . .
. .
9. , .
. .
10. , . 6
. .
11. , .
. . .
55

12.
13.
14.
15.

. .
. .
. . .
. .
. . .
. .
. . .
. .

85

Translate into English.

1. ? ? ?
, ?
2. ? ? ?
? ? ?
3. ? , ? ?
4. '? , , ?
5. ? ? ?
6. ? ? ?
? ?
7. ? ? ?
? ? ?
8. ? ? ?
? ?
9. ? ? ?
10. ? ? ?
11. ? ?
? ?
12. ? ? ?
?
13. ? , ?
14. ? ? ? ?
15. ? ?
16. ? ?
? ?
17. ? ? , ?
18. ? ?
19. ? ?
? , , ?
20. ?
? ?
56

 ? ?
? ? ?
22. ? ?
? ? ? ?
23. ? ?
? ? ' ?
24. ? ?
21.

86
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:
B:
M:

Read the dialogue and translate it.

At a party
Excuse me, do you speak English?
Yes, a little.
May I introduce myself? My name is Michael First.
How do you do, Mr. First. Im William Brown.
How do you do, Mr. Brown.
Call me Bill for short. May I call you Mike?
Yes, please.
Thank you.
Where are you from, Bill?
I am from France. Where do you come from?
I am from Scotland. What do you do, Bill?
Im a businessman. What about you?
Im a businessman, too. Are you here on business?
Yes, I am. And you?
Im here on holiday, but I also do some business.
Where do you work?
I work at a company.
What kind of company?
Its an insurance company. What about you?
- Im a sales manager at the paper producing company. Here is my business
card.
Thank you. And here is mine.
Where do you stay here? (Where are you staying here?)
At my friends place, here is my telephone number.
Are you here for the first time?
No, Im not. I often come here. What about you?
This is my first visit to Germany.
Do you like Germany?
Of course, very much. Its a nice country.
I like it, too. Are you here with your family?
Im here with my wife. She enjoys her stay here.
- Im here with my wife and daughter. They like it very much, too.
57

Excuse me, I have to go. Nice meeting you, Bill.

B: Thank you. It was nice to meet you, too.
M: I hope to see you later.
B: I hope so, too. Give me a ring tomorrow.
M: I will. Maybe we will have dinner together.
B: Thats a wonderful idea. Best regards to your wife and daughter.
M: Thanks, likewise. Good bye.
B: See you later.
87

Fill in the table below with the necessary (imaginary) information and
then act a dialogue with your partner.

Name
Country you are from
Aim of visit
Occupation/Position
Place of work
First visit?
Stay/where?
Telephone number
Alone/family
Stay/like?
Lunch/dinner
Ring/when?
88

Translate into English.

- ? .
? .
.
- . ? , ?
- . . .
? ?
- , . .
.
. ?
- . . , .
. , .
.

Theory Block
58

Classification of Nouns
According to their lexical meaning nouns fall under two classes: Common
nouns ( ) and Proper nouns ( ).
Common nouns are names applied to any individual of a class of persons or
things, collections of similar individuals or things regarded as a unit, materials or
abstract notions. They are subdivided into:
1) class nouns ( )
2) collective nouns ( )
3) material nouns ( )
4) abstract nouns ( )
Class nouns denote living beings or things belonging to a class, such as a man,
a dog, a book. They are countable. They can have a singular and plural form.
2) Collective nouns denote a number of persons or things collected together to
form a single unit. They are subdivided into:
a) nouns that are used in both numbers: a family, a company, a team. They are
countable.
In singular they may be followed by the verb either in singular or in
plural. In singular if a collective noun is thought of as a single unit, and in
plural if the collective noun is thought as a collection of separate individuals
My family is my everything.
My family are sitting at the table and drinking the.
b) Nouns that are used only in the singular. They have a singular form and they
are singular in meaning. They are uncountable. e.g. furniture, money, youth.
c) Nouns that are used only in the plural. They have a plural form and they are
plural in meaning. They are uncountable. e.g. goods, belongings, looks. Very
often they are nouns formed from other parts of speech.
d) Nouns that are used only in the plural. These are names of things consisting
of two similar parts (halves). They have a plural form and they are plural in
meaning. They are uncountable. e.g. scales, trousers, shorts.
e) Nouns of multitude that are singular in form but plural in meaning. They are
uncountable and used with a verb in plural. e.g. people, police.
f) Nouns that are used only in the singular. They have a plural form but they
are singular in meaning. They are uncountable. These are names of some
subjects, games and activities e.g. maths, phonetics, aerobics.
2) Material nouns denote materials, such as air, water, paper, cotton, leather.
They are uncountable and used only in singular.
3) Abstract nouns denote notions (science, information), qualities (beauty,
humour), actions (work, conversations), feelings and emotions (joy, love,
anger). They are uncountable and used only in singular.
1)

59

Proper nouns are names given to individuals of a class to distinguish them

from other individuals of the same class: 1) personal names; 2) geo names; 3)
months, days; 4) hotels, streets etc.
Countable Nouns
Plural of Nouns
Countable nouns denote things or individuals that can be counted. Countables
have two numbers the singular and the plural.
1) Normally nouns form the plural by adding s to the singular form. This plural
ending is pronounced as:
/z/ after voiced consonants and vowels beds, bees, flowers, ladies;
/s/ after voiceless consonants - books, caps;
/
z/ after sibilants noses, horses, bridges.
2) If the noun ends in s, -ss, -x, -sh, -ch, -tch the plural is formed by adding es
to the singular stem. This plural ending is pronounced as /z/:
a bus buses
a glass glasses
a bench benches
a box boxes
a bush bushes
a match matches
3) If the noun stem ends in - y:
Consonant + y = yi +es a fly flies, an army armies;
a monkey monkeys, a boy boys.
Vowel + y = y + s
4) If a noun ends in o:
Consonant + o = o +es
a potato potatoes, a hero heroes;
Vowel + o = o + s
a radio radios, a cuckoo cuckoos.
BUT: a piano pianos (); a solo solos ( ); a photo
photos (); kilo kilos ()
5) If a noun ends in -f(e):
f(e) v + es = /vz/
a knife knives, a life lives, a wife wives, a wolf wolves
But there are some nouns in which there is no change:
a chief chiefs () a gulf gulfs ()
a roof roofs ()
a kerchief kerchiefs ()
a belief beliefs ()
a handkerchief handkerchiefs ( .)
a safe safes ()
There are some nouns which have two forms:
60

a scarf scarfs/scarves ()
a hoof hoofs/hooves ()
a wharf wharfs/wharves ().
6) The plural forms of some nouns are survivals of earlier formations.
a) There are 7 nouns which form the plural by changing the root vowel:
a man men ()
a goose geese ()
a woman women ()
a mouse mice ()
a foot feet ()
a louse lice ()
a tooth teeth ()
b) There are 3 nouns which form the plural in en:
an ox oxen ()
a child children ()
a brother brethren ( (.))
c) In some nouns the plural form does not differ from the singular (they have
the same form):
a deer deer ()
a works works ()
a sheep sheep ()
a means means ()
a swine swine ()
a series series ()
a trout trout ()
a species species ()
an aircraft aircraft ()
d) Some nouns from Latin and Greek retain their original forms:
an antenna antennae, a formula formulae;
a /
/ ae /i:/
ex(ix) /ks/ ices /si:z/
an appendix appendices, an index- indices;
is /
s/ es /i:z/
a basis bases, a thesis theses;
on /n/ a //
a criterion- criteria, a phenomenon- phenomena;
um /m/ a //
a medium media, a curriculum curricula;
us /s/ i /
/
o /
/ i /i:/
a cactus cacti, a nucleus nuclei;
a tempo tempi.

Full list of the nouns from Greek and Latin:

an alumna /
'l
mn/
alumnae /'lmni:/
alumni /'lmna
/
an

alumnae /'lmni:/
61

(
),

alumnus /'lmns/

alumni /'lmna/

an antenna /
n'ten/
a formula /'f
:mju:l/

antennae /n'teni:/
formulae /'f:mju:li:/,
formulas
algae /'ld
i:/
appendices /
'pendsi:z/,
appendixes
indices /'ndsi:z/,
indexes
bases /'besi:z/
crises /'krasi:z/
diagnoses /
dag'nsi:z/

an alga /'l
/
an
appendix /'pendks/
an index /'ndeks/
a basis /'bess/
a crisis /'krass/
a
diagnosis /
dag'n ss/
an oasis /'ess/
a thesis /'
i:ss/
a
hypothesis /
ha'p ss/
a criterion
/kra't()rn/
a
phenomenon /
f'nmnn/
a medium /'mi:dm/
a
curriculum /
k'rkjlm/
a datum /'detm,
'da:tm/
a stratum /'stra:tm/
an erratum /'ra:tm/
an
addendum /'dendm/

),

,

( ),

,
,

oases /'esi:z/
theses /'i:sz/
hypotheses /
ha'psi:z/

,
,
,

criteria
/kra't()r/,
criterions
phenomena /
f'nmn/,
phenomenons
media /'mi:d/,
mediums
curricula /
k'rkjl/,
curriculums
data /'det, 'da:t/

,
,
,
,

strata /'stra:t/, stratums ,

()
,
errata /'ra:t/

,
addenda /'dend/
62

a memorandum
/
mem'rndm/
a
bacterium /
bk'trm/
a cactus /'kkts/

memoranda /
mem'rnd/,
memorandums
bacteria /
bk'tr/

cacti /'kkta/,
cactuses
a focus /'fks/
foci /'fsa/, focuses
a fungus /'f
gs/
fungi /'fga/, /'fn
da/, /'fnd/, /'f
i:/, funguses
a magus /'megs/
magi /'meda/
a nucleus /'nju:kls/
nuclei /'nju:kla/,
nucleuses
a genius /'di:ns/
genii /'di:na/
geniuses
a radius /'reds/
radii /'reda/,
radiuses
a stimulus /'stmjls/ stimuli /'stmjla/
a terminus /'t
:mns/ termini /'t:mna/,
terminuses
tempi /'tempi:/, tempos
a tempo /'temp/

' ,

,
,

, ,
,
,
,

, ,

,

7) In compound nouns the plural is formed in different ways.

a) if a noun is non-hyphenated the last word is used in plural:
a housewife housewives, an onlooker onlookers, a postman postmen.
b) if the noun is hyphenated the main meaningful word (the head word) is used
in the plural:
a brother-in-law brothers-in-law, an editor-in-chief editors-in-chief.
c) if there is no noun stem in the compound s is added to the last element:
a forget-me-not forget-me-nots, a merry-go-round merry-go-rounds.
d) if the first word of the compound is man or woman, both words are used in
the plural:
a man-servant men-servants, a woman-doctor - women-doctors.
Uncountable Nouns

63

Uncountable nouns denote objects that cannot be counted. The

uncountable nouns are subdivided into the so-called singularia tantum and
pluralia tantum.
1. Singularia tantum are nouns used only in singular in English. They
agree with a predicate in singular. Here belong the following:
a) material nouns such as air, water, paper, cotton, leather:
Sugar is sweet.
b) abstract nouns such as love, courage, weather, traffic.
The traffic is very heavy here.
Some abstract nouns are used only singular in English, but have both
forms in Ukrainian: advice ( ), information (
), knowledge (), progress ( )
Your advice is the best. .
c) some collective nouns such as linen, equipment, luggage, furniture,
currency, money, machinery.
There is a lot of equipment in this chemistry-lab.
The nouns money () and furniture () are singular in English,
but plural in Ukrainian.
I dont need this money. .
This furniture is broken. .
Note that these uncountable nouns can be made countable by means of
partitives:
a piece of cake/information/advice/furniture; a glass/bottle of water; a jar of
jam; a rasher of bacon; a box of chocolates; a packet of biscuits/tea; a
slice/loaf of bread; a pot of yoghurt; a pot/cup of tea; a kilo/pound of meat;
a bottle of vinegar, a tube of toothpaste; a bar of chocolate/soap; a bit/piece
of chalk; an ice cube; a lump of sugar; a sheet of paper; a bag of flour; a
pair of trousers; a game of soccer; a(n) item/piece of news; a drop/can of
oil; a can of Coke; a carton of milk; a block of wood.
NB: Some of the above mentioned nouns can be used in singular and plural,
but they have different meanings. Compare:
This glass is transparent. ()
Id like 3 glasses of juice. ()
I have no time. ()
I met him two times. ()
Her hair is wonderful. ()
I see a hair in my plate. ()
I have no paper. ()
I need a paper. ()

64

d) Some nouns have plural forms but mean singular. Their final s loses the
meaning of the plural inflexion and the nouns are treated as singular. Here
belong names of some subjects, games and activities: athletics (,
),
economics
(),
linguistics
(,
), mathematics (), news (, , ,
), phonetics (), physics (), classics (
), politics (), statistics (), aerobics
(), billiards (), dominoes (), draughts ( ), darts
(,), bowls ( ), cards (), skittles ().
But when those nouns dont refer to subjects of study and activities, they
may be used in plural:
The statistics are not accurate. () .
His politics are rude. .
2. Pluralia tantum are used only in plural in English. They agree with a
predicate in plural. Here belong the following:
a) Names of things consisting of two similar halves. Here belong nouns
which refer to clothes, tools and other things that people wear or use: scales
(), scissors (), spectacles, glasses(), binoculars
(), tweezers (), handcuffs (), pyjamas (),
trousers (), jeans ()
Her jeans are black. .
If we want to refer to a single piece of clothing or a single tool, we
can use some or a pair of in front of the noun:
She has a new pair of jeans. .
She bought three pairs of tights. .
b) some collective nouns such as: clothes (, , ), contents
(), goods (, ), proceeds (, ), riches
(, ), wages( ), expenses (,
), looks ( ), greens (, ), troops
(), remains (, ), premises (
, stairs (, ).
These nouns may have both forms in Ukrainian.
These traffic-lights are not working. . /
.
c) Nouns of multitude people (), police (, ), cattle
( ), poultry ( ). These nouns are
singular in form but plural in meaning.
Do the police know about him? ?
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d) Some names of diseases such as measles, mumps, diabetes, rabies,

rickets.
The nouns fruit () and fish () are singular in English, but have
both forms in Ukrainian. They agree with a predicate in singular.
fruit () fish ()
, .
.
e.g. Fruit is cheap in summer. : .
But: plural is used to speak about different kinds.
: , .
e.g. There are apples, plums and other fruits on the table. :
, .

e)

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