Radiologic Science for Technologists

Physics Biology and Protection 11th

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Chapter 10: Radiographic Image Quality
Bushong: Radiologic Science for Technologists: Physics, Biology, and Protection, 11th
Edition

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A high quality radiograph should always demonstrate ____________.

a. structures and tissues
b. high contrast
c. minimum magnification
d. All of the above
ANS: A
A high quality radiograph should always demonstrate structures and tissues.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 163

OBJ: Define radiographic quality, resolution, noise, and speed.

2. Spatial resolution improves with decreased _________ blur.

a. screen
b. motion
c. geometric
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Spatial resolution improves with decreased screen blur, motion blur, and geometric blur.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 163

OBJ: Define radiographic quality, resolution, noise, and speed.

3. _________ is defined as the ability to image two separate objects and visually detect one from
the other.
a. Contrast
b. Resolution
c. Detail
d. Noise
ANS: B
Resolution is defined as the ability to image two separate objects and visually detect one from
the other.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 163

OBJ: Define radiographic quality, resolution, noise, and speed.

4. Radiographic __________ is random fluctuation in the optical density of a radiograph.

a. detail
b. contrast
c. noise
d. resolution
ANS: C
 Radiographic noise is random fluctuation in the optical density of a radiograph.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 163

OBJ: Define radiographic quality, resolution, noise, and speed.

5. Higher speed image receptors generally produce images with ____________.

a. better resolution
b. increased noise
c. higher contrast
d. improved detail
ANS: B
Higher speed image receptors generally produce images with increased noise.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 164

OBJ: Define radiographic quality, resolution, noise, and speed.

6. The slope of the __________ portion of the characteristic curve shows the film contrast.
a. base
b. shoulder
c. toe
d. straight line
ANS: D
The slope of the straight line portion of the characteristic curve shows the film contrast.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 169 OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

7. In general radiography, the useful optical densities lie between _____ and _____.
a. 0.25, 2.5
b. 0.5, 1.0
c. 1.0, 1.5
d. 2.0, 3.0
ANS: A
The useful densities of a radiograph lie between 0.25 and 2.5.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 168

OBJ: Identify the toe, shoulder, and straight-line portion of the characteristic curve.

8. The inherent base density plus fog density in film is _______.

a. 0.0–0.1
b. 0.1–0.3
c. 0.5–1.0
d. 1.0–1.3
ANS: B
The inherent base density plus fog density in film is 0.1–0.3.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 167 OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

9. What is the formula for optical density?

a. OD = log10(Io/It)
 b. OD = log10(It/Io)
c. OD = Io/It
d. OD = It/Io
ANS: A
The formula for optical density is OD = log10(Io/It).

DIF: Difficult REF: p. 166 OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

10. If 10% of the viewbox light is transmitted through an area of film, what is the optical density
in that area?
a. 0
b. 1
c. 2
d. 3
ANS: B
A transmission of 10% incident light corresponds to an optical density of 1.

DIF: Difficult REF: pp. 166-167 OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

11. The densities above 2.5 on a film are represented in the __________ portion of the
characteristic curve.
a. base + fog
b. toe
c. straight-line portion
d. shoulder
ANS: D
The densities above 2.5 on a film are represented in the shoulder portion of the characteristic
curve.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 169

OBJ: Identify the toe, shoulder, and straight-line portion of the characteristic curve.

12. A film with a characteristic curve showing a high slope would be useful when ________ is
needed.
a. low contrast
b. wide latitude
c. high contrast
d. fine detail
ANS: C
A film with a characteristic curve showing a high slope would be useful when high contrast is
needed.

DIF: Difficult REF: p. 169 OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

13. The base + fog of a film is shown below the __________ of the characteristic curve.
a. straight-line portion
b. average gradient
c. toe portion
 d. shoulder portion
ANS: C
The base + fog of a film is shown below the toe portion of the characteristic curve.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 169

OBJ: Identify the toe, shoulder, and straight-line portion of the characteristic curve.

14. An image receptor with ____________ can be used over a greater range of exposures.
a. wide latitude
b. high contrast
c. narrow latitude
d. high average gradient
ANS: A
An image receptor with wide latitude can be used over a greater range of exposures.

DIF: Moderate | Difficult REF: p. 172

OBJ: Interpret the shape of the characteristic curve.

15. The three primary geometric factors affecting image quality are
________________________.
a. distortion, subject contrast, and mAs
b. patient thickness, distortion, and magnification
c. magnification, distortion, and focal spot blur
d. kVp, focal spot blur, and contrast
ANS: C
The three primary geometric factors affecting image quality are magnification, distortion, and
focal spot blur.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 173

OBJ: Distinguish the geometric factors affecting image quality.

16. What is the formula for the magnification factor?

a. MF = SID/SOD
b. MF = SOD/SID
c. MF = (SID/SOD)2
d. MF = SID2/SOD
ANS: A
The formula for magnification factor is: MF = SID/SOD.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 174

OBJ: Distinguish the geometric factors affecting image quality.

17. The best way to minimize magnification is to use a __________.

a. long SID
b. small OID
c. large OID
d. Both A and B
ANS: D
 The best way to minimize magnification is to use a long SID and small OID.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 175

OBJ: Distinguish the geometric factors affecting image quality.

18. Focal spot blur can be reduced by using __________.

a. a small focal spot
b. a shorter SID
c. a larger OID
d. All of the above
ANS: A
Focal spot blur can be reduced by using a small focal spot, longer SID, and smaller OID.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 178

OBJ: Distinguish the geometric factors affecting image quality.

19. Subject contrast is affected by ___________.

a. mAs
b. focal spot size
c. patient thickness
d. voltage ripple
ANS: C
Subject contrast is affected by patient thickness, tissue mass density, effective atomic number,
and kilovolt peak.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 179

OBJ: Analyze the subject factors affecting image quality.

20. Distortion can be reduced by ____________________________.

a. placing the object plane perpendicular to the image plane
b. placing the object plane parallel to the image plane
c. directing the central ray 15 from the object plane
d. increasing the SID and the OID
ANS: A
Distortion can be reduced by placing the object plane perpendicular to the image plane.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 176

OBJ: Distinguish the geometric factors affecting image quality.

21. Which of these body parts has the highest subject contrast?
a. Abdomen
b. Skull
c. Chest
d. Pelvis
ANS: C
The chest has high subject contrast because of the wide differences in effective atomic number
and tissue mass density between air and bone.
 DIF: Moderate REF: p. 180
OBJ: Analyze the subject factors affecting image quality.

22. Radiographic image quality is improved when the __________ is increased.

a. source image distance
b. focal spot size
c. film speed
d. screen speed
ANS: A
Radiographic image quality is improved when source image distance is increased.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 175

OBJ: Understand the relationship between image quality and SID.

23. Patient thickness affects image quality by affecting ____________.

a. magnification
b. radiographic contrast
c. focal spot blur
d. All of the above
ANS: D
Patient thickness affects image quality by affecting magnification, radiographic contrast, focal
spot blur, motion blur, absorption blur, and optical density.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 179

OBJ: Analyze the subject factors affecting image quality.

24. The technologist primarily controls radiographic contrast by varying the __________.
a. image receptor
b. kilovoltage
c. voltage ripple
d. milliamperage
ANS: B
The technologist primarily controls radiographic contrast by varying the kilovoltage.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 183

OBJ: Examine the tools and techniques available to create high quality images.

25. Optical density is primarily controlled by changing the _____.

a. kVp
b. mAs
c. film
d. SID
ANS: B
Optical density is primarily controlled by changing the mAs.

DIF: Moderate REF: p. 183

OBJ: Understand the relationship between optical density and mAs.