Recommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A 2011 Edition Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing S&S The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, Inc.Copyrigh: © 2011 by The American Sociery for Nondestuetive Testing, Exclasive of those papers that are a work ofthe federal goverment and not subject to copyright, ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, nc. (ASNT) i aot responsible forthe authenticity or accuracy of infcematon herein, ‘Published opinions and statements do not necessarily reflect the opinicn of ASNT. Produsts o services that are advertised or mentioned do ‘ot cary the endorsement or recommendation of ASNT. [No pit of this publication may be reproduced oF transmitted in any form, by means electronic or mechanical including. photocopying, ‘eoording oF otherwise, without ihe expressed ptios writen permission ef The American Society for Nondestructive Testing, nc, IRRSP, NDT Hanebook, The NDT Technician snl ww. og are tademarhs of The Anstican Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc ‘ACCP.ASNT, Level Ill Study Guide, Materials Evaluation, Nondestructive Testing Handbook, Research in Nondestructive Evaluation and NDE are registeed tademarks of The American Society for Nondestructive Testing Inc. fet prining 08/11 rata if available for this printing, may be obeained from ASNT's web site, aww asnt.ong ISBN-13 978-1-57117.217-4 Printed inthe United States of America, Published by: “The American Society for Nondestactive Testing, Inc. 17H Asingate Lane Columbus, OH 43228-0518 srw sat org aited by: Cynthia M. Leernan Euestional Materials Supervisor ‘Tim Jones, Senior Manager of Publications ASNT Mission Statement: [ASNT exists to create & safer world by promoting the profession and technologies of nnedesiructive testing i Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011)FOREWORD ‘This Recommended Practice establishes the general framework for & qualification and cestifiention program, In addition, the «document provides recommended educetional, experience and training requirements forthe different test methods. Supplementary documents include question and answer lists, which may be used in composing examinations for ‘nondestructive testing personnel ‘This recommended practice is not intended to be used as a strict specification. I is recognized. however that contacts sequie programs, which meet the intent of this document, For such contracts, purchaser und supplier must agree upon acceptability of an employer's program, ‘The verb “should” has been used throughout this document to eiphasize the recommendation presonted herein. It isthe ‘employer's responsibility to address specific needs and to modify these guidelines as appropriate in written practice. In the ‘employer's written practice, the verb “shall” isto be used in place of “should” wo emaphasize the employer's needs. ‘The 2011 Edition of SNT-TC- 14 is annotated so thet users of the 2006 edition can quickly and easily locate new and ‘updated material. The vertical lines in the margins ofthis document indicate that information in the text has been modified in some way, Inquiries related to this recommended practice should he directed to the chair of the SNT-TC-1A Interpetation Panel st the following address: ‘The Ametican Society for Nondestructive Testing YIM Atlingate Lane PO Box 28518 Columbus, Ohio 43228-0518 Recomimendlad Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) itREVIEW COMMITTEE Publication and review of this Recommended Practice was under the direetion of the SNT-TC-JA Review Committee which is'a committee of the Methods Division, ‘The Methods Education Council of the American Society for Nondestructive Testing. Review Committee Members: Michael Ruddy. Chair Robert Cameron, Vice Chait Charlie Longo, Staff Secretary Mike Allgaier Alfred Broz Gene Chemma James B. Cox David Culbertson ‘Claude Davis Nat Faransso Karl Fosleman Darrell Harris Gary Heath Keith R. Holt Daniel Irons Morteza Jatari Jim Kelly Ron Kruzie Joseph Mackin Technical & Education Council: Kevin Smith, Chair Doran Kishoni, Vice Chair/Secretary Walter Matulewice Michae! McDaniel Ray Morasse Ricky Morgan William Norton, Jr. Matthew Patience Bill Plumstead, Jr. Bill Plumstead, St Mark Pompe Bob Porter ‘Thom Schafer Kirit Smart Marvin Trimm Ray Tsukimura Roland Valdes Dave Vigne fv Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) ision reports to the Technical &FOREWORD ‘This Recommended Practice establishes the general framework for a qualification and contfication program, In addition, the ‘document provides recommended educational, experience and iraining requirements for the different test methods Supplementary documents include question and answer lists, which may be used in composing examinations for nondestructive testing personnel ‘This recommended practice is not intended to be used as a stict specification. Its recogeized. however, that contracts require programms, which meet the intent of this document. For such contracts, purchaser and supplisr must agree upon scceptabilty of an employer's program. ‘The verb “should” has been used throughout this document to emphasize the recommendation presented herein. ttis tte ‘employer's responsibility to adress specific needs and to modify these guidlines as appropriate in a written practice, Ia the ‘employer's written practice, the vech “shall” is to be used in place of “should” to emphasize the employer's needs. ‘The 2011 Edition of SNT-TC-14 is annotated so that users of the 2006 edition car quickly and easly locate ew and ‘pated material. The vertical lines in the mangins of this document indicate that information in the text has been modified in some way, Inquiries related to this recommended practice should be directed to the chai of the SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Panel a the following address ‘The American Society for Nondestructive Testing 1711 Aslingate Lane PO Box 28918 Columbus, Ohio 43228-0518 Recommencied Practice SNT-TC-A (2011)CONTENTS Foreword Review Committee Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing i Scope 1 Definitions 1 Nondestructive Testing Methods 2 Levels of Qualification 2 Written Practice 2 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Initial Qualification 3 ‘Training Programs 3 Examinations 3 Centitication 7 Technical Performance Evaluation if Interrupted Service 7 Recertification 7 ‘Termination 7 Reinstatement 7 ‘Table 6.3.1 A: Recommended Initial Training and Experience Levels 8 ‘Table 6.3.1 B: Initial Training and Experience Levels for NDT Level IL Limited Certifications 9 Table 8.3.4: Minimum Number of Examination Questions 10 Appendix iu Example Questions — NDT Level I and Level I ul Acoustic Emission Testing Method i Electromagnetic Testing Method 2 ‘Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique 12 Eddy Carrent 3 Remote Field Testing B Ground Penetrating Radar Testing Method 14 Guided Wave Testing Method 15 Leak Testing Method 16 ‘Bubble Leak Testing Method 16 Halogen Diode Detecior Leak Testing Method 17 Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing Method 18 Pressure Change Measurement Leak Testing Metnod 18 Liquid Penetrant Testing Method 19 Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Method 20 Magnetic Particle Testing Method a ‘Neutron Radiographic ‘Testing Method 2 Radiological Testing Method 2B Radiographic Testing 2B Computed Radiography ‘Testing Method 2 Computed Tomography Testing Method 4 Digital Radiography Testing Method 25 ‘Thermal/Infrared Testing Method 26 Liltrasonic Testing Method 7 Phased Array 28 ‘Time of Flight Diffraction 28 Vibration Analysis Testing Method 29 Visasl Testing Method 30 ‘Answers to Example Questions 32 SNF-TC-1A Interpretation Request Form 4 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) vRecommended Practice No. SNT-TC-1A Personnel Qualification and Certification in Nondestructive Testing 10 scope It is recognized that the effectiveness of nondestructive testing (NDT) applications depends upon the capabili- ties of the petsonnel who are responsible for, and pertorm, NDT. This Recommended Practice has been pre- pated to establish guidelines for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel whose specific jobs ‘require appropriate knowledge of the technical principles underlying the nondestructive tests they perform. wit- ness, monitor, or evaluate This document provides guidelines for the establishment of a qualification and certification program. ‘These guidelines have been developed by The American Socioly for Nondestructive Testing, Inc. 10 aid tmployers in recognizing the essential factors to be considered in qualifying personnel engaged in any of the NDT methods listed in Section 3. 1.4 Itis recognized that these guidelines may not be appropriate for certain employers’ circumstances and/or appli- cations. In developing a written practice as required in Section 5, the employer should review the detailed rec- ‘ommendations presented herein and modify them, as necessary, to meet particular necds. Sach modification, ‘may alter but shall not eliminate basic provisions ofthe program such as training, experience, testing and recer= tification. Supporting technical rationale for modification of detailed recommendations should be provided in an Annex to the written practice 20 “Terms includ in his document are defined 35 follow 2111 Certication: writen testimony of qalicaton. 2:12 Certifying Authority the person or pesors property designated inthe writen practice t sin cmt Cations on bel ofthe employe. 213. Centfying Agency: the employer ofthe personel beng criti 2114 Closed Hook Examination: a examination administered without accoss to reference materia excopt fue materials supplied wih or nthe examination (See 8.7) 245 Comparable: hemg sta equivalent or init level of NDT responsibility and dffculy es determined by the employers NDT Level I | 116 Doctmented: the sondiion of being in writen form, 7 Employer: the corporate, private, or pbc ext, which employs personne! for wakes, sary, fees, or other csideratnns 21.8 Expertence; work activities accomplished im a specific NDT method under the direction of euaiiee supervision achidng the performance of ths NDT method and related activites bat not including me Spent in organized raining progam, 2:19 Grading Units A Qualification Specimen canbe divided nto sstons called grading units, which do ct have wo be equlfensth or be equally spaces. Grading nits ere unfled or wel an te perce ago of flanediunilawed grading units requlred shouldbe approved bythe NDT Level I 21140 Limited Cerifteation: rondstrucive ex metaods may be further sunided into lnited disciplines ortechriges to mest specific employers needs those are NDT Level I orctons, but to a inited scope 2,11 Nondestructive Testing: «proces hat involves te inspection, reiting, or evslution of materials, components and assemblies for materia" isconbmules, roperties aad machine poolems without f= the impairing o destroying the par’ serviceability. Throughout this document the term NDT applies equally 6 the NDT inspection methods as for mera inspection, flaw detection or predictive man- tenance (PIM) applications 2.112 Outside Agency: a company or individual wo provides NDT Level I services and whose quali Sons to provide there services have been view by te employer engeging the company oF in ual, 211,13. Qualification: denonsrited ski, denioniaed knowles coaimentd irinng, and dcumenied experience required or personne o propery perform the dies of a specific job 21.14 Recommended Practice: ssc of godine 4 asst the eaployet in developing uifor procedes for the qualification and certification of NDT personnel to sats the empioyer's specific requirements. 2ALAS Techniques A eatsgory within an NDT mthods for example, ultasonc hichnes esting. ' EE is Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) 12.1.16 ‘Training: an organized program developed to impart the knowledge and skills necessary for 2.1.17 Written Practice: a wait qualific procedure developed by the employer that details the requirements for qualification and certification of their employees. 3.0. Nondestructive Testing Methods Qualification and certification of NDT personnel in accordance with this Recommended Practice is applicable 10 each of the following methods: aL Acoustic Emission Testing Electromagnetic Testing Ground Penetrating Radar Guided Wave Testing Laser Testing Methods Leak Testing Liquid Penetrane Testing ‘Magnetic Flux Leakage Magnetic Particle Testing ‘Neutron Radiographic ‘Testing Ratiological Testing ‘Thermal!infrared Testing Ultrasonic Testing Vibration Analysis Visual Tescing, 4.0 Levels of Qualification There are three basic levels of quilifcation. The employer may subdivide these levels for situations where ‘ldtional levels are deemed necessary for specific skills and responsibilities. While in the process of being initially trained, qualified, and certified an individual should be considered 2 tuance. A trance should work with a cenified individual. The tainee should not independently conduct, inter pret, evaluate or report the results of any NDT test. ‘The three basic levels of qualification are as follows: 41 42 43 43 432 NDT Level |. An NDT Level I individual should be qualified to properly perform specific calibrations, specific NDT, and specific evaluations for acceptance oF rejection determinations according to writien instructions and to record results. The NDT Level T should receive the necessary instruction and super: on from a certified NDT Level Il or If individual NDT Level II. An NDT Level TI individual should be qualified to set up and calibrate equipment and to interpret and evaluate results with respect 10 applicable codes, standards, and specifications, ‘The NDT Level II shoold be thoroughly familiar with the scope and limitations of the methods for which «uali- fied and should exercise assigned responsibility for on-di-jod training and guidance of trainees and NDT Level I personnel, The NDT Level II should be able io organize and report the results of NDT livideal should be capable of developing. qualifying, and approv- ing procedures, establishing and approving techniques, interpreting codes, standards, specifications, and poceches; and designating the particular NDT methods techniques, and procedures to be used. The NDT Level Ill should be responsible for the NDT operations for which qualified and assigned and should be capable of iniespreting and evaluating results in torms of existing codes, standards, and speci fications. The NDT Leve! IIT should have sufficient practical background in applicable materials, fabri- cation, and product technology to establish techniques and to assist in establishing aoceptance critecia, ‘when none are otherwise available, The NDT Level Il should have general famibarity with other =ppropriate NDT methods, as demonstrated by an ASNT Level Ill Basie examination or other means, ‘The NDT Level IL in the methods in which centtffed, should be capable of training and examining NDT Level [snd IT personnel for certification in those methods. 50 Written Practice ‘The employer shall establish a written practice forthe control and administration of NDT pervonne! taining, examination, and verification ‘The employer's writen practice should describe the esponsibility ofeach level of certification for determining the acceptability of materials or components in accordance with the spplicable codes, stancars, specifications and procedures. 54 52 2 Recerrmended Practice SNT-TG-1A (2011)6a 53 54 55 36 Education, Training, and Experience Requirements for Init ol 62 63 ‘The employers written practice shold describe the tvining, experience and examination reirement for cach level of eenificaton by method ane technique, as applicable “The employer’ writen practice shoul identify he test fesbniqdes within each fst method applicable ois scape of operations “The employer's writen practice shall be reviewed und approved by the employers NDT Level it “The employer's writen practice shall be maintained on He Ml Qualification ‘Cancidaies for certification in NDT should have sfficient education traning, and experience to ensure quali cation in those NDT methods in which they are being considered for cerifcaion- Documentation of pace cer~ tification may be ased by an employer as evidence of qualification for comparable levels of ceification, Documented taining andor experience genes in positions and activities comparable to those of Levels ‘andor I prior io establishment ofthe employer's written practice may be considered in satisting the criteria Section 63, be consiered foe certification, a candidate shoald satisfy one of the following riteria forthe applicable NDT level 63.1 NDT Levels and “able 6.3.1 Ait the recommended taining nd experience hows to te considered by the employer in sablishing written practices for intial quabication cf NDT Level Tand Level Il ndviduals, “Table 6.3.1 B lists initial training and experience hours which may be considered bythe employer for specific limited applications as defined in the employer's writen practice Teil Getfcsnoas should apply to evans who 0 nce he ul tsi abd vabeience of ‘Table 63.1 A, Limite certifications issted in ary method should be approved by the NDT Level It an documented in the certieationrvords 632 NDT Level fi 6.32.1 Have gradu fron: » minimum four-year college or university curriculum wih a degree in engineerin or science, pus one additional year of experience beyond the NDT Level I ‘eutements in NDT in an assignment atleast comparable wo that of an NDT Level I inthe applicable NDT methods), or 63.2.2 Have completed with passing grades st leas two years of engineering or scence study ata uni versity, college. or tecknieal school plus wo addtional years of experience beyond the NDT | Level Il requirements in NDT in an assignment a feat comparable o that of NDT Level Il in the applicable NDT methods), or 63.23 Have four yeas experience beyond the NDT Level I requirements NDT in an assignment at | least comparable to that of an NDT Level I inthe applicable NDT methods). ‘The above NDT Level II] raguirements may be partially replaced by experience ax a certified NDT | Level ILor by assignments atleast comparable to NDT Level II as defied in the employer's writen practi 7.0 ‘Training Programs 80 7 12 a 74 Personnel being considered for intial cestification should complete sufficient organized training. The organized training may include instructor led training. self-study. virtual insiructoe led training, computer based training cr web based training. Computer based training and web based training should track hours and conteat of trains ing with student examinations in accordance with 72. The sufficiently organized training shall be sach as 10 censure the student is thoroughly familiar withthe principles and practices of the specified NDT method related to the level of certification desired and applicable to the processes to be used and the produtts to be tested. All training programs should be approved by the responsible NDT Level IN. ‘The training program should include sufficient examinations to ensure understanding of the necessary information Recommeaded training course outlines and references for NDT Leyels 1-11, and II personnel, which may be used as technical source material are contained in ANSUASNT CP-105~ Topical Outlines for Qualification of Nondestructive Testing Personnel ‘The emplayer who purchases cutside training services is responsible for assuring that such services meet the Fequirements of the employer's written practice. Examinations BI ‘Acmiisiration and Grading 8.1.1" An NDT Leva Il should be responsible forthe administation and grading of examinations specified | in Section 8.3 through 8.8 for NDT Leve Il, oer Lese! Li personne, Tae administation and Recommended Practice SNT-TC-14 (2011) 3ssrading of examinations may be delegated io a qualified representative of the NIT Level IIL and so Fecorded.A qualified representative of the employer may perform the actual administration and grading of NDT Level Il examinations specified in 8.8. 8.111 ‘To be designated as a qualified representative of the NDT Lovel III for the administxation and agzading of NDT Level and Level If personne! qualification examinations the designee Should have documented, appropriate instruction by the responsible NDT Level I in the Proper administration and grading of qualification examinations prior to conducting and grad: Ing independent qualification examinations for NDT personnel. Additionally, the Practical ‘exam should be administered by a person certified in the applicable NDT method as NDT Level IL or It $4.2. For NDT Level Land If personnel.» compenite grade should be determined by simple averaging ofthe Fesults of the genorl, specific, and practical examinations described below. For NDT Level ll person. nel, the composite grade should be determined by simple averaging of the results of the basic, mothod, and specific examinations described below. §:1.3 Examinations administed by the employer for qualification should result in 2 passing: composite grade (of atleast 80 percent, with no individual examinalion having a passing grade less than 70 percent. 8.14 When an examination is administered and graded for the employer by an outside agency afd the ou side agency issues grades of pass or fail only, on a certified repost, then the employer may accept the pass grade as 80 percent for that particular examination, 8.15. The employer who purchases outside services is responsible for eosuring that the examination services meet the requirements of the employer's writen practice 8.1.6 _ fa no case should an examination be administered by one's self or by a subordinate. 82. Vision Examinations 82.1 Near-Vision Acuity. The examination should ensire natural of comecied nearsdistance acuity in at least fone eye such that the applicant is capable of reading a minimum of Jaeger Numiber 2 or equivalent type and size letter atthe distance designated on the char but not fess than 12 inches (30-5 cm) on a stan dard Sacer test chart. The ability to perceive an-Ortho-Ratee minimum of 8 or similar test pattern is also acceptable. This should be administered annualy. 822 Color Contras Differentiation. The examination shonld demonstrate the capability of distinguishing and differentiating contrast among colors or shades of gray used in the method as determined by the ‘employer, This should be conducted upon initial certification and at five-year intervals thereafter, 823 Vision examinations expire on the last day of the mont of expication, 83 General (Written — for NDT Levels I and Li) 83.1 The general examinations should address the basic principtes of the applicable method. 832° In preparing the examinations, the NDT Level II! should select or devise appropriate questions cover- ing the applicable method to the degree required by the employer's written practice 8.3.3 Sce the Appendix for example questions. 834 _ The minimom number of questions that should be given is shown in Table 8.3.4, 84 Specific (Written ~ for NDT Levels I and Il) 84.1 ‘The specific examination should adress the equipment, operating procedures, and NDT techniques {hat the individual may encounter daring specific assignmenis to the degree required by the employer's written practice. 8-42 The specific examination should also cover the specifications or codes and acceptance criteria used in the employer’s NDT procedures. $4.3 The minimum number of questions that show 85. Practical dlar NDT Level [and I) $5.1 The candidate should demonstrate familiarity with and ability 0 operate the necessary NDT equipment, ‘revord, and analyze the resultant information vo the degree required, $3.2 AL Teast one flawed specimen or component shouldbe tested and the resus of the NDT analyzed by the candidate 85.3, The description of the specimen. the NDT procedare; inchiding check points, and the results of the ‘examinstion should be documented. S54 NU Level | Practical Examination. Proficiency should be demonstrated in performing the applicabte NDT on one or more specimens or machine problems approved by the NDT Level Iff and in evaluating the results to the degree of responsibility as described in the employer's written practice, At least ten (10) different checkpoints requiring an understancing of tet variables und the employer's procedural Fequirements should be included in this practical examination. The candidate should detect all disconti- ‘muitos and conditions specified by the NDT Level Il bre given is show in Table 8.3.4, 4 Reccmmended Practice SNT-TC-4A (2011)86 Note: While it is normal to score the practical on a percentile basis, practical examinations should con tain check points that failure to successfully complete will resuitin failure of the examination. 855 NDT Level II Practical Examination. Proficiency should be demonstrated in selecting and performing the applicable NDT technique within the method and interpreting and evaluating the results on one or more specimens or machine problems approved by the NDT Level IIL. At least tea (10) different check Points requiring an understanding of NDT variables and the employer's procedural requirements shoukt be included in this practical examination, The candidate should detect all discontinuities and conditions specified by the NDT Level II Note: While itis normal to score the practical on a percentile basis, practical examinations should con tain check points that failure to successfully complete will result in failure ofthe examination, Sample questions for goneral examinations are presented in the separate question booklets that ean be obtained from ASNT Headquarters. These questions are infended as examples only and should not be used verbatim for qualification examinations. The following is list of the booklets: ‘Test Method Question Booklets ‘Acoustic Emission Testing G Electromagnetic Testing B 1 Alternating Current Peld Measurement BA 2, Baldy Current EE 3. Remote Feld Testing ER Ground Penetrating Radar Gp Guided Wave Testing owe Laser Testing 1, Profilometry Lp 2. Holography/Shearography La Leak Testing 1. Bubble Test HB 2, Pressure Change Measurement HP 3. Halogea Diode Leak Test he 4. Mass Spectrometer Test uM Liguid Penetan ‘esting D ‘Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing MP Magnetic Particle Testing & Neatron Radiographic Testing F ‘Radiological Radiographic Testing 1. Radiographic Testing A 2. Computed Radiography Testing AAY 3. Computed Tomography Testing AB 4, Digital Radiography Testing act ‘Thermal infrared Testing P Ulrasonic ‘Testing c ‘Vibration Analysis Ke Visual Testing I * In course of preparation Aditinal Writen, Specific and Practical Examination Cr $21.1 NDT Lave ang Ill Writen Examinations 87.4.1 AU NDT Level itl and I ten examinations shold be clove back except that neces ‘da, sich as stophs, bles, specification, procedures, codes, et, may be provid With ori the Craminatton, Questions uilzing such flerence mate should require an underdanding of the information rather han rmerey locating the appropiate answer. lt questions ase for NDT Level! end Level Il examinations shotld be approved bythe responsible NDT Level IL. | Recommended Practice SNT-TC-4A (2011) 5872 874 87.12 A valid endorsement on an ACCP Level Il certificate fulfils the comesponding examination criteria described in paragraphs 8.3 ank! 8.5 for each applicable NDT method, 87.13 A valid ASNT NDT Level Il certificate may be accepted by the employer's written practice os Fulfiling the General examination criteria described in paragraph 8.3 for each applicable methed. NDT Level | and If Specific Examinations 87.2.1 The employer may delete the specific examination if the candidate has @ valid ACCP or ASNT NDT Level II ceniicate ip the methodindustrial sector and if documented experience exists to permit such, Practical Examinations 8.7.3.1 Successful completion of an ACCP Level II general hands-on practical examination may be considered as fulfilling the requirements of peragraph 8.5. 87.32 For the Film Interpretation Limited Certification, the Practical Examination should consist of review und grading of at least 20 images. 8.7.33 Phased Array and Time of Flight Diffraction Practical Examination. Flawed samples used for Practical examinations should be representative of the components and/or configurations tbat ‘he candidates would be testing under this endorsement and epproved by the NDT Level IL ‘The NDT Level II is responsible to ensure tht if the ACCP and ASNT NDT Level Il specific and. ‘proctical examinations are used by the employer, as stated in $7.2 and 8.7.3.1, the requirements of 84.1, 84.2 and 85.5 are satisfied. 88 NDTPAM Level Ill Examinstions 881 BB2 885 ‘Basic Examinations 8.8.1.1 NDT Basie Examination (required only once when more than one method examination is taken), The minimum number of questions that should be given is as follows: 88.1.1.1 Fifteen (15) questions relating to undersianding the SW7-TC-[4 document 83.1.1.2 Twenty (20) questions reiting to applicable materials, fabrication, and prodacttech- nclogy. 8.8.1.13 Twenty (20) questions that are similar to published NDT Level II questions for other appropriate NDT methods 8.8.1.2 PaM Basic EXemination (equired only once when mote than one meth examination is taken), The minimum number of questions that shoald be given i a follows 84.1.2.1 Fifteen (15) questions relating to understanding the SW7-TC-4 document. 88.122 Twenty (20) questions relating to applicable machinery technology. 88123 Thity (30) questions that are similar to published NDI Level Il questions for other appropriate PAM methods. “Method Examination (for each method). 88.2.1 Thitty (30) questions relating o fundamentals and principles that are similar to published ASNT NDT Level Ill questions for each method, and 8.82.2 Fifteen (15) questions relating to opplication and establishment of techniques and procedures that are similar to the published ASNT NDT Level III questions for each method, and 8.8.2.3 ‘Twenty (20) questions relating to capability for imerpreting eoxdes, standards, and specifications relating to the method. Specific Examination (for each metho. 883.1 Twenty (20) questions relating to specifications, equipment, tectiniques, and procedkites appli- ‘able fo the employer's product(s) and methods employed and to the administration of the employer's written practice 88.2 ‘The employer may delete the specific examination ifthe Candidate has a valid ASNT NDT Level II or ACCP Professional Level II certificate in the method and if documented evidence of experience exists, including the preparation of NDT procedures to eodes, standards, or spec~ ifications and the evaluation of test results ‘A valid endorsement on an ASNT NDT Level II certificate fulfils the examination criteria described in 88. and 882 for each applicable NDT method A valid emlorsement of an ACCP Professional Level Il cetficate fulfills the examination criteria described in 88.1 and 8.8.2 for each applicable NDP method 89. Reexamination ‘Those fuling to attain the required grades should wait at least thirty (30) days or reesive suitable additional Uuaining as determined by the NDT Level IIL before reexamination 6 Recommendad Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011)90 100 10, 120 130 140 Certification 9.1 Certification ofall NDT Levels of NDT personne is the responsibility of the employer 912 Corueaion of NDT personel shud be heed on demons of fc) ulifein in aciiane | with Sections 6, 7, and 8a described in the employer's witl practice 9.3 Attbe option of the employer, an outside agency may be engaged to provide NDT Level Il services. In such instances. the responsibility of certification of the employees shouldbe retained by the employer. 94 Remommel cristo eso shuld be manined en fie by the employer fer tbe aro specified ate | employers written practice and should include the fellowing: 94.1 Name of cetfied individual 942 Level of cetification andl NDT method. 94.) Educational background and experience of certified individual, 944 Statement indicating satisfactory completion of taining in accordance with the employer's written practice. 9.455 Results ofthe vision examinations prescribed in 82 forthe curent certification period 9.46 Current examination copy(ies) oF evidence of successful completion of exeminations 947 Other suitable evidence of saisfactory qualificaions when suck qualifications ae used i su ofthe specific examination prescribed in 88.3.2 ot as prescribed inthe employer's written practice, 9148 Composite grade(s) oF suitable evidence of grades. 9.49 Signature ofthe NDT Level Il that yerifed qualifications of candidate foreenitication, | 914.10 Dates of confication andlor recertification and the dates of assignments to NDT, 9.4.11 Certification expiration date OA.12 Signature of employer's conifying authority. ‘Technical Performance Evaluation 10.1 NDT personnel may be reexamined any tinte at the discretion of the employer and have their cetficetes extended or revoked. 10.2. Periodically, as defined in the employer’s writen practice, NDT Level 1 and TI personnel should be reevaluated by the NDT Level Ill administering a practical examination. The practical examination should follow the for- ‘mat and guidelines described in section 8.5. Interrupted Service 11.1. The employer's written practice should include rules covering the types and duration of interrupted éerviee that requires reexamination and reverification. 11.2 The written practice should specify the requirements for rexemination atdler everficetion forth interrupted service. Recertification 12.1 All evels of NDT personnel shall be recertified periodically in accordance with one of the following criteria: 12.1.1. Evidence of continuing satisfictory technical performance 12.1.2. Reexamination in those portions of the examinations in Section 8 deemed necessary by the employer's NDT Level I 122. The recommended maximum recertification intervals are 5 years for all cenification levels, Certifications ‘expire on the last day of the month of expiration, ‘Termination 13.) The employer's certification sal! be deemed! rovoked when employment is terminated. 132. AnNDT Level 1, Level I or Level Il whose certficcion hasbeen terminated may be certified to the former | NDT level by a new employer based on examinction as decribed in Section 8, provided all of the fllesing conditions afe met othe new employer's stisfacton: 13.21 ‘The empleyee hns proof of prior certification 1522 ‘The employee was working nthe capacity to which cenit within six (6) months of termination. 1323 ‘The employee is boing recertified within sc (6) months of termination 1324 Prior to being examined for certification, employees not meeting the above requirements should receive ‘niional training ov doomed appropriate by the NDT Level IT Reinstatement 14.1. An NDT Level I, Level Il, or Level Ill whose certification has been terminated may be seinstated to the former NDT level, without a new examination, provided all of the following conditions are met: 14.1.1 The employer has maintained the personnel certification records required in section 9:4, 14.1.2 The employee's certification did not expire curing termination, 14.13 The employee is being reinstated within six (6) months of termination Flocommenied Practica SNT-TO-1A (2011) 7Noss Table 6.3.1 A: Recommended Initial Training and Experience Levels Examination | 5, | Training cimmation | Nor tevel| Technique | Trainin i B re i 0 Se ectrenaeme a ly Om 2 EN a 1 = 0 30 “0 — Metoerett 0 60 1300 Groot eetrng | t © A fetae » a 0 To 0 2a a ‘Gadee Ware : = = “ 1 = 0 1, Medhos a Linnie EI 40, 20 tee i Totes w 20 0 i Sear ra 6 ipo 1] pattie Tet i 2 é uw om 4 3s. 6 Tr _ 2 Tas Em vas i —" i6 20 = a 1 aa: ra 5 20 1 Esme 2 2a sa T wo 0 3a) w SER Se 4 T 420, 800, i ts i pa tr =| 16 2 i is * i Misano Hig Leskem: i ae 20 ‘aan i a 0 i net ic n En “eo 1 FI 20 ‘a0 ees i 40 Tee 200, i a 20 0 H ee 2 0 ia 1 =e » x0 a a » 0 in a 1 “Compuied « 26 | “00 i tenors » 0 a0 i Dia % a SI] estan o | a t 2 210 T 400 Thermaltrared ir = TH 10 oi “ 210 0 1 ® oo Tao Untrasonics “Time of Fight — u | me © 1@ a i Timed Ava a To ar 1 a a0 00 Vainio Andi | —t 2 a a — 7 H 7 rH 2 7 16 0 20 10. For NUT Level cenitcatinn, the experience should consist of tin at NDY Level |e epivalet Ia persons bing quale dct to NDT [Level Il wit no time a NDF Level L-te expericoce (bth Metin ad Total NDT) sho crm he so he host for NDT Lsel {ane [Level Hand the training shoo soni ofthe at af the hours fae NDT Lew 8 Recommondad Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) and Level20 40 50 60. 10 80 For NDT Level cenfcation tie experience shold ous of te Sun of te eur or NDT Level ad Level us the ational ime 63.2 2 gpleable The formal anh should consis ofthe NDT Level and Level taining, pls any addicna formal rang a defined in he ‘mpinyers weiten prcice Liste toning hous may be adjusted as described a thé employers writen practic depending onthe inde cual edition evel. t= sa choo, college goblin engicetng et Trinng sult Ye ouline! inte employers writen practice. Magnetic Panicle ining hours may be counted tends Magnetic Fx Lease training ours as defined in employers writen practice a individ cree oii ins. ET wclnigoe and fll oume format was used w es th ti quaicsons in that ebique, tbe ‘nisin ining Hoar 10 gusty anatbet BT eduique athe sane NDT Level ay be edoced upto 40 paren fo defined in the eleyers ‘wate prac, Ian iit s serine in an E technique the miimum experience to quality fer anther ET echgue at the sme level tb the ex! eel say be reduced by up 0 percent s0 dena nthe emplayer's wren practi ‘While filing tal NDT experience mgsremere xparicnce ta be goed in meta ce (1) met, however soit Yous is be tet foreach eta an individual is cureatly cere in a Raioloical technique snd. fl course fens was ued 19 met the ine qulications in th techie ‘he minimum adtinal tinine hours oealily sy another technique athe sume vel shoud 28 hans (of which tat hur oul be ‘ipo faiistion). The ting oti held be ox dfined inthe employers wien prc If a ilirida seni ina ecg, ‘he sini adiioaleapeince rej qualify for anoterwechngue& the sane HVE bol be 2s tats, a defined he espayer's wet tence, Time of Fight Diffraction and Phased Artsy turer completion of Lave Ind IT Uae Ting ig and eapetines as proves, Table 6.3.1 B: Initial Training and Experience Levels for NDT Level II Limited Certifications Minimum Work Examination | Limited | Techmician’s Formal ie Method | Certification | Starting Point | Training | PAPerierrs in Method Fin Taaiaimeae : Rextiographic | _Imterpretation Ed a) lin ; ee RT Levelt 2m 220 Digi Thickness Getic seat a x a ible oa Races Thdaoe ; te “Trainee 2 5 1 — Reqs pact review of 1000 ingens Flecorrmended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) 9Table 8.3.4: Minimum Number of Examination Questions Method General Specific Level Level II Level | Level II Acoustic Emission Testing 40 40 20 20 “Electromagnetic Test “Alternating Curent Field Measurement 40 0 | Penetrant Testing Radiological Tes Radiography Testing 20 Eddy Cuneo Fe Remote Field Teting 30 | 29 | 20 Groand Pesirating Rod @ [020 Guided Wave a a La Testa BabbioTest oo) sys [Aoki Press Lak Tei (rears Changs) 20 [20s Ps Halogen Diode Leuk Test [3 is_| 15 Mass Spectres Lock Toit 20 20 a0 as eg 20 | 30 a0 as Magnetic Pail Testing a Nevtzon Radiography Testing a a [20 Radiographic Film Interpretation — Non-Rudiographer Radiographic Film Interpretation - Radiographer (Centfied RT NDT Level I Ultrasonic Testing: ‘Time of Flight Diffraction (numeric output only) ‘Computed Radiography Testing 40 0 20 (Computed Tomography Testing 40 40 20 Digital Radiography Testing 40 40 20 ‘Thermal/infrared Testing 40 40 20 40 40 20 10 Recommended Fractice SNT-TC-14 (2011) | A-scan Thickness Measurement 8 ‘Vibration Analysis 40 20 @ Visual Testing - 40 0 20 20APPENDIX Example Questions Level | and Level II ‘The purpose of this appendix is to provide a puideline for the preparation of the General, Level | and Level IT writiea ‘examinations. Extensive examples of representative questions for degree of cifficulty, type, etc., are provided in separate question booklets, which can be obtained from ASNT Headquarters, These questions are intended a examples only and should not be used verbatim for qualification examinations ‘Note: All questions and answers should be referenced to a recognized source. Acoustic Emission Testing Method Level 1 1. A qualitative description of the sustained signal level produced by rapidly occurring acoustic emission events isthe accepted definition for: Durst emission bb. acoustic emission signature ©, acoustic emission signal 4. centieuous emission 2, Attenuation of a wave is best defined by which statement? a. a decrease in frequency with distance traveled bb. adocrease in amplitude with distance traveled ¢. adecrease in wave speed with distance traveled 4. a change in direction as a function of time 3. The number of times the acoustic emission signal exceeds a preset threshold during any selected portion of a testis called the: 4. acoustic emission response acoustic emission count acoustic emission count rate 4d, acoustic emission energy Level It 1. When detecting impulsive acoustic emission signals on large objects. the peak ofthe signals normally decreases with increasing distance from the source. This alteration, dependent on distance, must he explained by: ‘4. absorption: i-., the elastic pulse gradually converis into beat dispersion: i, the pulse gradually spreads out in time because the different waves involved travel with dilferent velocities, (6 the geometric fuctors: ie. the enongy in the pulse is distributed into ever-larger volumes 4. all of the above ich of the following factors will end to produce low-amplitude acoustic emission response during & tensile test? a, low temperature b. high sirain rate plastic deformation 4, crack propagation Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011) 113. The Kaiser effect a, valid only when testing composites . physical law of natuse that is never violated, © not applicable when an rms recording is being mado 4. the absence of detectable acoustic emission until previously applied stress levels are exceeded. Electromagnetic Testing Method Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique Level L L. What isthe medium between an ACFM probe and a metal surface when operating ia aie? a. an electric current b. alr . magnotic field @, none of the above 2. For which of the following inspection requirements could you not normally use ACFM for defect detection’) a, fatigue cracks in welded joints of high strengih steel subsurface cracks in welded joints of mild steel ‘¢. inspection for cracks in a weld of high strengih steel under paint coating 4. surface fatigue in mild stel welds ‘A fatigue crack perpendicular to the induced current will cause the induced current to: a. disperse from the central area of the erack und concentrate around the ends disperse from the ends of the erack and concentrate in the centeal area stop flowing in the part 4, inctease in velocity Level 1. 1. During an ACFM weld inspection, the measurement of crack depth requires the following information: ‘2. the frequency of the inspection b. the length of the crack ¢. the depth of penetration of the AC feld 4. all of the above 2. What effect would you expect f the cols in an ACFM probe were sinaller and closer together? a no effect improved detcction of smaller defects ©. improved sizing on larger defects 4. improved signal o nose ration 3. ‘The Hix magnetic field can best be described as: 4, parallel tothe plate surface and perpendicular to the eurrent flow 'b. perpendicular fo the weld . parallel the plate surface and parallel to the current flow 4. perpendicular to the plate susfuce and parallel to the current flow 12 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-4A (2011)Eddy Current Level L. The impedance of an eddy current test coil will increase if the test frequency increases inductive reactance of the coll decreases €. inductance of the coil decreases resistance of the cal decreases 2. Which of the following test frequencies would prediace eddy currents withthe largest depih of penetration’ a 100 He b lOKH: ©. (MHz d 10MHz 3. To generate measurable eddy currents in a test specimen, the specimen must be a. sconductor b. aminsulator c.either « conductor or an insulator . a ferromagnetic material Leyel IE 1, The ill factor when a 1.26 em (0.5 in.) diameter bars inserted in a 2.54 em (1 in.) diameter coil is a. G5 (50 porcont) b. 0.75 (15 percent) ©. 1.0 100 percent) 0.2525 percent) 2. the characteristic frequency (f,) of a material is 125 Ha, the test frequency required to give an ff, ratio of 10 would be: 1.25 He 25H 125 kHz 5k aege 3. Forage ‘hardened! aluminum and titanium alloys, changes in hardness ave indicated by changes in retentivity pemeability conductivity |. magnerostriction Remote Field Testing Level I 1. The dominant electromagnetic enerzy distribution process in RFT is said te be: ‘a. reflected impedance D. through -ransmission piezoelectric energy conversion d. magnetic motive force Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) 132, Ina properly designed RFT probe, the detector col is positioned in the: a, direct field zone ,ansiion zone fe. remole field 20n¢ «junction between remote field zone and transition zone 3. The zone next tothe “near zone” is called the: normal zone near field extension zone 4, remote field zone Level I 1, Inthe remote field zone with distance the magnetic field distribution decays ‘a. linearly . exponentially ©. logarithmically 4. an then increases with distance 2. Theexciter and the receiver coillenils in a remote field probe are separated by s distance greater than tube diameter. a twice b. dhree umes ©, the same 4. none of the above 3. Praquencies selected for RET inspection are: higher than used in Eakty Current blower than used in Eddy Current c. carefully selected and must never be changed during an inspection dd. none af the above Ground Penetrating Radar Testing Method Level J. The most common form of GPR measurement is: ‘4, Using a single transceiver device similar to equipment used in shear wave UT bb, by deploying a transmitter and a receiver in fixed geometry over the surface ¢. microwave propagation through a constant time vector 4. inspection for landmines 2, What are the key wave field properties for GPR 4, time, distance and velocity 1b. reflection, refraction and dineetion of travel , Velocity, atenvation and EM impedance 4d. amtenns size, shape and angle of incidence 3. Blectromagnetic waves separate into two independent components. What are they? a. transverse electre field and transverse magnetic field >. resolution zone and refraction zone high impedance and Low impedance 4. focused energy and attenuation 14 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) theLevel I 1, The ratio of the largest receivable signal and the minimal detectable signal is called the: |. system detection factor. peak performance ratio. ce. dynamic range. 4. maximam depth of detection. ‘What is gating? a, A method of expanding the depth of penetration by vi bb. The ability to contro! the shape of the transmitted signal A method of reducing the signal bandwicth d, Timing the transmit and recsiver signals to avoid detrimental effects from strong signals 1g only a portion of the total signal 3. Why is dewawing importan:? Tracts as a biomonitor. It helps to produce a stable image of unstable soils, {allows positive and negative color filling to be used in the recorded trace, 1s gonerally used to improve section resolution and create more spatial realists. Guided Wave Testing Method jty of guided waves depends on: ‘the material properties the boundary conditions of the component or part ‘the dimensions of the component or part allof the above 2. Which of the following is a propagating guided wave made in pipe: a. bulk compression wave b. bulk shear wave torsion wave 4d. alllof the above Guided wave texting of lng lengths of pipe a. is used fo measure remaining wall thickness can determine the change in pipe wall cross section ¢. is used to measure the exact length of any wall loss can determine the exact geometty of any corrosion Level It 1. How are guided wave testing results typically calibrate: ‘4. sing a target reflector (flat botiomed hole) machined in a calibration pipe of the same diameter and thickness calibration is not soquired for GWT ‘sing an assumed amplitede and knoiwn reflectors such as welds the results are always calibrated using flange reflections “The dispersion curves for guided waves in steel pipes are MOST influenced by: ‘a. changes to the boundary conditions 'b. changes to the material properties of steel temperature changes high pressure gas products Rocommonded Prastice SNT-TO-1A (2011) 153. Which of the following is 3 guided wave? Level a rayleigh waves b. flexural waves torsional waves all of the above Leak Testing Method Bubble Leak Testing Method 1, Before performing a vacuum box leak test, which of the following should be checked for required calibration? a. leak-detector solution 1b, evacuation device or equipment ©. lighting equipment pressure (Or vacuum) gage 2 Which factor can most affect the sensitivity attainable by a pressure bubble leak test? a. operator alertness and technique b. size and shape of the test specimen time of day testing is performed number of test technicians 3. The letters “psia"” mean: Level It ‘a. pressure referred to National Insite of Standards and Technology's absolute pressure b.pascals per square inch absolute c pressure standard in absolute units d.pounds per square inch absolute 1. Which of the following directly determines the size of the bubble formation when testing using the bubble test method? 8. method of application of bubble solution ambient temperature and barometric pressure amount of leakage from a defect or leak 4. size of the test specimen 2. Whea a vacuum gage is marked with a range of 0-30 with the notation “vacuum” on the face, the units of measurement ar inches of mercury pounds per square inch centimeters of vacuum feet of water aose 3. The type of leaks that are most likely wo go undetected during @ bubble leak test are: a very small leaks and very lage leaks b, leaks occurring at welded joints ©. comer-configuration joints d._allof the above 16. Recommencied Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011)Halogen Diode Detector Leak Testing Method Level 1 i, Good operating practice dictates thatthe period of time 10 allow for wan-up of the halogen diode detector prior to calibrating a. 30 minutes b. 15 minutes fe. Thou 4. as recommended by the manufacturer While adjusting a reservoir-type variable-halogen standard leak, the operator accidentally vents the gas from the only standard leak available. Which of the following actions would quickly resolve the problem? a. Replace the standard leak, bb. Replace the cylinder in the standard leak: c, Recharge the standard leak, 4. Send the standard leak to the manufacturer for recharging. 3. While performing « halogen-diode detector test, the leak detector hecomes difficult to zero, and the pointer on the leak rate meter repeatediy swings up scale. The most hikely cause of the problem could be the use of too high a sensi- tivity range, 2 shorted eloment, an excessive heater voltage, oF Poor airflow ‘sensing element that is to new ahigh halogen background a faulty leak-rate meter ‘Level IT 1. Most leaks detected during « halogen sniffer test could have been detected and usually ean be verified by: a. abubble leak test >. an ultrasonic exami ©. visual examination d. a pressure change test 2. ‘The presence of small traces of halogen vapors in the halogen diode detector: ‘4, increasos the emission of negative ions 'b. decreases the emission of positive ions increases the emission of pasitive ions 4d. decreases the emission of negative ions 3, Alhalogen standard leak of s certain size produces a known signal on a halogen Teak datector. To recoive this same intensity signal on the instrument during the test of an object containing a 2 percent by volume halogen-air mixture, the size of the leak in the object causing the signal would theoretically have to be at least tines larger than the standard leak. a. 20 b. 50 °. 40 4.10 Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011) 17Mass Spectrometer Leak Testing Method Level I 1. "The sensitivity of a mass spectrometer leak detection system is the mass flow sale of tracer gas: ‘a, thot gives a maximum measurable signal that gives & minimum measurable signal ‘¢, at standard temperacure and pressure dina leak 2. ‘The diffusion pump aad mechanical fore pump in a mass spectrometer leak detection system: use the same type of oi! bb. use different types of oil © operate using the same motor 4d. use the same principle of operation 3. The helium mass spectrometer detecior-probe pressure-test technique is: 2 a quantitative test 1b. a qualitative test ©. a semiautomatic tst none of the ahave Level IL 1, Atomis defined as: 1427 pia b Immo Hg 1/160 of 2 standard atmosphere 76) mm of Hy, 2. When conducting helium mass spectrometer test of a vacuum vessel in the pressure range of 16-4 to 10% mm Hg, which type gage could be used to measure the pressure? a alphatron gage 1b, thermionic ionization gage pirani gage 4. thermocouple gage 3. Helium standard eaks in the range of 104 to 102 atm. ce/s are known in general terms as: ‘4, reservoir standard leaks ‘b. capillary standard leaks ‘c. permeation standard leaks @. adjustable standard leaks Pressure Change Measurement Leak Testing Method Level I 1. A pressure-of 66:0 psig, in terms of absolute pressure ai sea level and standard temperature, would be approximately: as 9600 pia b. $0.7 psia c. $13 pia 4, 36.0 psia 18 Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011)2. When conducting « long-dration pressure change test, itis nevessary fo measure absolute pressure or gage pressure plas barometric pressure because the barometric pressure will: ‘a. always fall be alwngs rise ©. remain constant 4, tend 10 vary 3. Which one of the following isthe correct reletionship for converting temperature in degrees Rankin (°R) to tempera- ture in degrees Kelvin (K)? a K=G0)°R Level 1. When a system's internal dry bulb’s internat temperature and. in turn, total pressure, increase during a pressure change leakage-rate lest, the waier vapor pressufe in the system under test would normally b, remain the same fe. decrease 4, owillate 2, Fora pneumatically prssurized constant-volume system aan internal exnpecatue of 27 °C, what approximate per centage change in the system absolute pressure can be expected fora system intemal temperature change of 1 °C? a 3 percent 5. parent © 03 percent 4.10 percent 3. One sot of intemal dey bulb temperature dava fora pressure change leakage rate testi: (hy + T+ TS = 7187°F (y+ Ty2=7232°F {Tat T)2= 72.68 °F (y+ 7, + Ty) = 73.07°F For each of these four sections of this system, the respective weighting factors are 0.27,00.18,0.22, and 0.33. The toean absolute dry bulb temperature of system air for this test date point a, $32.53°R b. 345.53K fc, 53248°R 4, 33248K Liquid Penetrant Testing Method Level 1. Which of the following is generally the more acceptable method for cleaning parts prior to penetfant testing? a. sand blasting be wite bushing fe. grinding vapor degreasing Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) 192 The term ased t0 define the tendency of certain liquids to penetrate into small openings such as cracks or fissures is saturation bi capillary action blotting wetting agent 3. Which of the following is the most commonly used method for zemoving nen-water-washable visible dye penetrant from the surface of atest specimen? dipping in-a solvent b spraying © hand wiping blowing Level 1 When conducting a penetrant test, spherical indications on the surface of a part could be indica of: fatigue erucks porosity weld laps bot tears 2 A-commonly used method of checking on the overall performance of « penetrant material system is by determining the viscosity of the penetrant measuring the wettability ofthe penotrant comparing two sections of antifically cracked specimens _allof the above 3. Which of the following is « discontinuity that might be found in a forging? shrinkage crack bo tap hot teer 4. tamination Magnetic Fux Leakage Testing Method Level I 1. Flux leakage inspection can normally be applied to: a, ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic material b. nonmagnetic materials only (ferromagnetic materials only 4k. nonconductors ooly 2. The ratio B/ is equivalent to @ material's: a. field strength b.. reluctance permeability 4d. telative permeability 3. Flux leakage techniques can normally be used to detect: surface discontinuities only b. subsurface discontinuities only ©. discontinuities at any location 4, surface and near-surface discontinuities 20 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011)Level 1. ‘The highast sensitivity of a Hall effects sensor is obtained when the direction of the magnetio field in relation to the largest surface of the Hall probe is a. paral! b. at amangle of 45 degrees 6 at amangle of 30 oF 60 degrees perpendicular 2. What particular type of defect is not indicated by flux leakage techniques? a. overlap slag inclusion with erack ©. surface contamination d. longitudinal seam 3. Flux leakage is created ata disoontinuity because of the change in: a, resistivity . inductance 'o. permeability capacitance Magnetic Particle Testing Method Level T 1. Which type of eurrent has a “skin effect?” a. alternating current bi direct eurrent ©. half-wave rectified a. full-wave weetified 2, ‘The best type of magnetic field to use to inspect a tubular product for surface defects along its length isa longitudinal field cireular field swinging field yoke magnetization 3. Which of the following is most often ured for dry magnetic particle inspection’? a, full-eycle direct current b, half-wave alternating current . bigh-voltage, low-amperaze current 4. direct current from electrolytic cells Level Ir 1. When testing @ bar with an L/D ratio of 4in a 10-tum coil, the required current would be: a. AS 0008 b. unknown; move information is nesded 5. 180004 a. 1254, Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011) 212. Which of these cracks may appear 3s an iregular, checked, or scattered patter of fine lines usually caused by local overheating? a: Fatigue eracks b. grinding cracks €. orater cracks 4. HAZ cracks 3. If acopper conductor is placed through a ferrous cylinder and a current is passed through the conductor, then the ‘magnetic field (lux density) in the eylinder will be: the same intonsity and pattern as in the conductor b. greater than in the conductor eles thant inthe conductor the same regardless of its proximity to the eylinder wall Level L [Neutron penetration is greatest in which of the following materials? a. hydrogenows material be water c. lead a. boron carbide Gadolinium conversion screens are usually mounted in rigid holders called: a. film racks b. cassettes emulsifiers 4. diapkragims 3. Which element is commonly used for direct neutron radiography’? a. Gd b. In e. Dy 4d. Gd Level 1 1. Whieh of the following conversion sereens has the longest half-life? a, dysprosium , indium &. eadmium 4. gadolinium 2. Neutron radiography can be used for inspecting which of the following applications? ‘presence of explosives in a metal device presence of foreign materials such 28 oil Tubricans in metal systems hydrogen content in metals all of the above 22 Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011)3. Real-time imaging of thermal neutron radiography can be performed with which of the following detectors? Level 1 a. gadolinium b. dysprosium ©. zine sulfide + lithium Auoride 4d. europium Radiological Testing Method Radiographic Testing 1. The most widely used unit of measurement for measuting the rate at which the output of « gamma ray source decays isthe: b. menigen ce. Nallife ds MeV 2, fan exposure time of 60 seconds were necessary using a 1.2.m (4 ft) syurce-to-flm distance fer a particular expo. sure, what time would be necessary if 10.61 (2 ft) source-to-film distance is used and all other variables remain the a, 120-seconds b, 30seconds ce. 15 seconds d.. 240 seconds 3. ‘The sharpness of the outline in the image of the radiograph is a measure of Lovel IL a. subject contrast 1b. radiographic defiition ¢. radiographie contrast d. film contrast. 1, When nadiographing to the 2-27 quality level, an ASTM penetrameter for 6.35 em (2.5 in.) steel has 4 thickness of a. 1.27em(05.in) b. 635mm QS x 10%in.) cc. 127 mm(5 x 10" in.) 4. 1270:mm ($ x 16° ing) 2. ‘The approximate radiographic equivalence factors for steel and copper at 220 KV are 1.0 and | 4, respectively. It itis desirable to radiograph a (1.27 em) 0.5 in, plate of copper, what thickness of steel would require sbout the same ‘exposure characteristics? a. 1,78¢m (0.7 in) of steel b. C.89.cm (0.35 in.) of steel €. 3.56em (14 in.) of steel 4d. 254¢m(10 in) of ste! 3. Ia specimen were radiographed at 40 kV’ anel again at SO KV, with time compensation to give the radiographs the same density, Which of the following statements would be true? a. the 40 KV exposure would have lower contrast and greater Iatitude than the $0 kV exposure b, the 40 kV exposure woud have higher contrast and greater laitude than the 50 Kv exposure 6. the 50.kV exposure would have lower contrast and greater lautude than the 40 kV exposure 4. the 50 kV exposure would have higher contrast and grester faitade than the 40 KV expasure Recommended Practice SNTTC-1A (2011) 23Computed Radiography Testing Level 1. Digial detectors used for CR employ a unique crysialline material Wat can best be described as 6 ‘when exposed to ionizing radiation. a, phosphor that swores light enerzy 1b. phosphor that stores radiation © crystal that stores electrons 4d. phosphor that stores latent image ‘Computed radiography uses changes in in lieu of changes in optical density change to produce a visual image a, bits and bytes b. pixels shades of gray 4d. digital values, 3. Computed radiography uses in lieu of a film densitometer to deienmine exposure adequacy, ‘a. lasso tool b. pixel value too! digital gaze d. none of the above Level IT 1. A.commercial computed radiographic system classification, such as ASTM E: 2446, groups CR systems using a rating in order to characterize their relative performance levels @ Handard image quality b.- light photometer & equivalent IQL d. ISO index 2 The phenomenon which causes materials to emit light in response to extemal stimuli is known as: 2. stimulation hb. Aworescence .resieulation <<. vibration 3, Photo stimulated luminescence (PSL) isa process in which a phosphor that has ceased emitting light because of removal of the stimalus once again emits ight when excited by light with than the emission wavelength, a. shorter wavelength 1b, longer wavelength higher frequency 4. lower frequency ‘Computed Tomography Testing Method Level L 1. The mechanical/manipatation system has the function of and {position the test abject between source and detector; storing the data holding the test object, position the computer ©. moving source and detector; positioning the test object between source and detector 4. holding the test object, positioning the test object between source and detector 24 Rlocommended Prectice SNT-TC-1A (2011)2. The purpose of the radiation detector isto convert the measured transmission of X-rays through the object into to be handled by electronic processing. &. a phosphor b. acrysial . amelectrical signal none of the above 3. The extent to which a CT image reproduces an object or feature within an object is influenced by: spatial resolution, detector type. source-to-object distance and radiation source spatial sesoluion, statistical noise, slice plage thickness and artifacts e 1 radiation soure. statistical noise and detectors 4 tastical noise, detecior type and radiation source Level It LACT image is a seprescntative map of a cach point in the plane a. density measurements b. linear X-ray attenuation coefficienis 6. noise measurements 4. X-ray scattered photons 2. Spatial resolution has a limiting value determined by ‘of system and amount of data and — 4 design and constuction; sampling sehema by size: Keny source enomgy design and construction; X-ray source energy 4. size, sampling schema Contrast sensitivity refers to the ability to the presence or absence of features in an image. a. mask b, calealate detect 4d. none of the above Digital Radiography Testing Method Levelt |. Adiga! detestoraiay (BDA) ean best be dened by ata ‘doves het iis alll poplar late and let! seaming devin B. device thet converte analog radiographic im no acserte electronic outpt ands then dghie for ipl on» compas moritor 6: device ulizing a gl camer system in conjunction with «phosphate providing real-time ttc nage expe i estronke device tht convents pnsting rani nto wal sgl an ta digi or pay on # computer monitor 2. What is one of the prime reasons to perform a DDA calibration? 4, to ensure all mensuremonts will be calibrated with an object of known dimensions to compensite for geo- metric enlargement if the object is not directly in contact with the detector to inctease the photon collection rate (PCR) ‘optimize the performance of the DDA, {o minimize the backscatier wo an aceeptable level especially at high energies aor Flocommended Practica SNT-7C-1A (2011) 253. Changes in the thickness of the specimen are indicated by in the digical image, a. achange in area b. change in grayscale fe. allack of resolution in the image sharpness 4. the relationship between exposure and the resultant pixel pitch of the detector Level I 1. The term "bad pixel” is best described as a pixel: ‘a. of a DDA that has performance outside the specification range . that is processed or sampled due to frame averaging that must reveive some type of correction to ensure all indications regardless of size resulting from rejectable discontinuities will be evaluated . none of the atove are correct 2. Flat ponel gain, offset and pixel calibrations ensure: ‘8° proper probability of detection (POD) measurements will be calibrated ‘e. proper defect evaluation dd, none of the above One of the main advantages of DR cr flat panel utilization as compared to CR to aecomplish an inspection task is typically: portability bs inspection speed initial eos. 6. detector flexibility Thermal/infrared Testing Method Level 1 1. Which of the following IR camera settings may affect a radiometric temperature measurearent? a. span b. level ce. palette 4. focus, 2. “Thecmal infrared radiation occurs at wavelengths: shorter than X-rays shorter than visible Tight fonger than visible light longer than radio waves 3. Which of the following camera parameters is not ajustabie in post-processing computer software? a. span b. level ©. emissivity d. range 26 Recommended Practice SNT-TO-1A (2011)Level IT 1. Lateat beat energy can be described as 8. the energy that creates or breaks the molecular bonds of the phase state of a material the energy that when added to a material will cause its temperature to Increase €. the energy released by a material that will cause its eemperature to decrease. dd. the energy released by an object that will break the molecular bonds of a material 2. Which of the following surfaces will provide the most accurate radiometric temperature measurement”? a. unin fhm plastic b. oxidized aluminum class 4, water-based paint 3. How hot does an electrical connection need to be for ito be a classified as a serious problem? Level I a. 15°C (38 wl °F b $0 15°CUl59-F) ©. greater than 15 °C (59 “F) 4 depends on he cnticality of equipment to continued sate operation Ultrasonic Testing Method 1. The amount of beam divergence from a transducer element is primarily dependent on the: a. typeof test 1b tightnest of the transducer clement hacking in the search a a frequeacy and transducer element size refrection 2. On the arca-amplitude ultrasonic standard test blocks, the flat-bottomed holes in the blocks are: all of the same diameter ‘different in diameter, increasing by 1/64 in, (0.39 mm) increments from the No. 1 block to the No. & black largest in the No.1 block and smallest in dhe No. 8 block 4d. drilled to differen: depths from the front surface of the test locke 3. On many ultrasonic testing instruments, an operator conducting an immersion west can remove that portion of the screen presentation that represents water distance by adjusting-a: Level IL 4 pullse-length control b. reject contrat . sneep-delay control d._ sweep-length contro 1, Ifa contact anglesheama transducer produces a 45-degree shear wave in steel (VS = 0.323 emis), the angle produced by the same transducer in an aluminum specimen (VS. 10 cms) would be: a less than 45 degrees, b. greater than 45 degrees 45 degrees more information is required Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011) 27| discontinuity is located having an orientation such that is feng axis is parallel w the sound beam. The indication from such a discontinuity will be: 4, large in proportion to the length of the discontinuity b. small in proportion to the leagth of the discontinuity representative of the length of the discontinuity 4. suc that coiplete loss of back-reflection will result ‘An ultrasonic Jongitudinal wave travels in aluminum with a velocity of 635,000 cmv and has-a frequeney of 1 ME ‘The wavelength of this ultrasonic wave is: 635 it 3.10 in. 635 mm 30.000 A. Phased Array Level 1 1) Fenty the factors that would produce the largest beam steting angles: ‘large elements, small pitch, high-frequency testing low-velosity materials small elements, small pitch, high-frequency testing low-velocity materials large cloments, small pitch, low-frequency testing high-velovity materials 4. small elements, smal pit, low-frequency testing high-velocity materials, Which of the following best fits this description “the ultrasonic capabilites of resolving two adjacent defects along the acoustical axis through a small ultrasonic path lateral resolution axial resolution resolution sensitivity pees What happens to the beam spread at higher beam angles when using swept angle sean from 45 10 70 degrees” a. the beam spread decreases , the beam spread increases ¢. the beam spread does not change 4. you cannot change beam spread with angle Time of Flight Diffraction Level IL ‘Time of flight diffraction uses ultrasonic waves that are diffracted from the tips of cracks only. cracks as well as reflected from the back surface only. cracks as well as transmitted along the scamning surface only. dd cracks as well as ransmitied along the scanning surface and reflected fiom the back surface. Calculate the PCS to focus ata 15 mm depth using a pair of 70-degree probes. a. 413mm b. 546mm c. 82.4 mm 4. 988 mm 28. Recommended Practice SNT-TC-14 (2011)3. Caloaate the depth of a defect given the following information: ‘Tx probe delay: 78 js (Pulse-echo measured) Rx probe delay: 62 1s (Pulse-ccho measured) PCS 59.6 mm. Bottom Tip Signal 20 ps Material Velocity 3960 m’s Longitudinal 3230 nuis Transverse 3010 mis Surface a 298mm b. 372mm © 617 mm 4. 69.2 mm Vibration Analysis Testing Method Level I 1. ‘The vitwation amplitude i really a response that is: ‘a. inversely proportional io the dynamic esistance in the system 'b. proportional to the amount of displacoment in the signsl © ot related at all to the dynamic forces in the system dd. meaningless unless it has boon initially takea in acceleration units 2. Wa magnetic is attached to an accelerometer, it will 8. lower the frequency range capability of the accelerator . increase the frequency range capability of the accelerator not allow the necelerometer to read i acceleration anits anymore d, increase the amplitace range of the accelerometer 3, ‘The enter or store key on a programmable FFT-Analyzer/Data collector should be pressed: ‘4. ay soon as the accelerator is attached to the mounting surface 'b. fier a panse of 30 seconds from the time the accelerometer is mounted ¢. afler the readings have settled down (usually 3 sevends or longer) 4. immediately when a display appears on the sereen (to save time) Level I 1. A Lissajous orbit that has » Tong elliptical (cigar shape) appearance isan indication of ‘a, unbalance bh. isalignment anil whirl d. ambevent 2. The purpose af a Bode or Polar (Nyquist) Plot i 10 verity the presence of: 2. an eccentricity b. a defective bearing 4. abent shaft Recommended Practice SNT-TG-1A (2011) 283. The two most spectrum are’ ‘4, aneccentric pulley and mechanical looseness (Type A) bb. offset misalignment and mechanical looseness (Type B) c. _a shaft bent between its bearings and worn gear teeth 4d. an unbalanced shaft and mechanical looseness (Type C) ynunon problems that will produce a higher amplitude at 2x RPM than at 1x RPM in a vibration Visual Testing Method Level 1. Which ofthe following is true? All discontinuities are defects, bb, Defects that affect the product's usefulness are called discontinuities, ©. Discontinuities that affect the product's usefulness are called defects 4. All discontinuities are unacceptable 2. ‘The dimension indicated on the sketch of « micrometer is: a, 3.251mm (0.128 in.) b. 5.97 mm (0.235 © 320mm (0.126 in.) 8.33 mm (0328 in.) 3. Asa visual examiner, you shall have your eyes checked at least: a, every 3 months b. every 6 months every year every 3 years Level It 1, Handheld magnifiers should fall into which of the following ranges? a 2xtodx b Sxto 10x ©, 10x10 20% 20 to 3x 2. Visual examiners who perform visual exams using borescopes and fiberscopes must be; a. color blind bb. able to inet far-vision requirements (Snellen 20/30) © vompetent in theit use ambidextrous 3. Arnarrow field of view produces: higher magnification anda greater depth of field 1b higher magnification anda shorter depth of field . es9 magnification and a greater depth of field des magnification and a shorter depth of field. 90 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011)Answers to Example Questions Acoustic Emission ‘Testing Method Mass Spectrometer Computed ‘Tomography Testing Level 1 Level IL Level I Method Ld ig te Lovell Level ft 2b ne 2b Lod Lb 3b 3d 3c Lee Da 3. 6 xe ‘Electromagnetic Testing Method “Alternating Curreat Field Pressure Change Measurement Digital Radiography Testing Messarement Technique Level Level I Method Level I Level IL lob Loa Level Level It a) Ld 2 4 Re Ld La 2b b Ra a ze 2a Boa a 3b 3b Pen M Eddy Current Level Level IT ‘Thermal/infrared Testing Lovet I Level I a hb Level Level It Low Ld 2b Ze 1 1 2a ze ae ab 2 2 2a Re 3 4 m Leakage Test Remote Field Testing ‘Method ‘Ultrasonic Testing Method Level Level IT Levelt Level Il Level Level IT Lb La Le Ld ts La Re 26 ae Ze 2b 2b a 3b ad Be 3. « 3 « GaideWave Testing Method ‘Magnetic Parilele Testing Method Phased Array Sms Harel Level Level ll Level I (only) 14 le Law 1d La ae 2 a 2b 2 2» aig axe 2b 3b Rob Ground Penetrating Radar‘Testing Neutron Radiographic Testing ‘Time of Flight Diffraction Method Method Level If (only) Level 1 Level I Ld re ae Level Level I ne sc og le La 2 5 = 2b de a8 a a2 xd 3. 6 Vibrati a ‘Leak Testing Method Tonite) Gandhi Bubble Leak Testing Method —_-—_—Radiological ‘Testing Method om oF Level Level Id Radiographic Testing hes . Re pe Level Level IT ne 28 28 Loa 1d 3 a 3d 3a ze a a ; : eh ae ‘Visual Testing Method Halogen Diode Detector . Levelt Leva Level I Level IL Computed Radiography Testing le La loa Method 2 o 26 cee : Levelt Level IL a: ce Bb 26 b Ld la z 6 2b 3b 3b 32 Racommended Practice SNT-TC-14 (2011)SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Request Form Each inquiry should address a specific section or para ‘graph of SNT-TC-IA. If submitting multiple inquiries, sub- Init a separate form for each inquiry In the top section of the form, provide complete contact {nformatioa so that you can be reached should clarification bbe required, List the SNI-TC-1A edition (yesr) being refer ‘enced! and the specific paragraph or section in question. In the Inquiry block, state the question in the clearest terms possible and in a manner that will permit a Yes or No anower if possible. In the Background block, provide any additional infor- imation that will explain the need for the clarification or the intent of paragraph or section. Attach additional pages it ‘The Proposed Response block is for ASNT use only. All inquiries shoald be sent t: Chair, SNT-TC-1A Interpretation Panet Glo Senior Manager, Technical Services 1711 Arlingate Lane P.O. Box 28518 Columbus, OH 43228-0518 Jhout@asmeorg, SNT-TC-1A INQUIRY REQUEST FORM 'SNFTC-1Aimerpretaton Pane Chat te Saray Nanagor, ASNT Tchrical Services ‘THT Angee Lane PO Box 28646 Countus, oH 43226-0518 jpoulasnton Phone: ory SNETC-A Eo: Date. Eat ‘state: Assorted Paragraphs Baad (AGT ay SOaTonaT Von Tat wi Gay he HUAN, Hee, BE BE (ASNT Use Oni) 24 Recommended Practice SNT-TC-4A 2011)