Conterned T the mane emart- deckeivons,, that 7esud fh tHe | pees and Oirtnery the 7] dem and bhorct tema 2 | st ‘f oe | obfecies - ae cnaretreianten, RGk. erihimPzake and a ooh a a ee tls puctne i os ces sheng geey ; = pogeren | peso Puweserne’ al ‘Scanned with CamScanner© basa ganglia are 8 group of shuclures Bund deep within the cerebral hemisphere - The shuckires generally included in the bosa/ ganglia a7 the audate nucleus, lentiform Scdas (putamen and Globus Pallidus) ta the | cerebrum, tne substantla nigra tn the midbrain and subthalamle nucleus in the diencephalon: The basal ganglia refers bo & group of Subcortical Auclei responsible primarily for ynotoy_ control 2S wel) as orney roles Buch a3 motor leaming jperecative tunckions and beraviours, and emotions. cross sectional anatomy of Basal _garalia can be Seen in diagram it the level_af 3? yentride. | Teacher's Signature-—____———— ‘Scanned with CamScannerAnte viev cerebral) ark oe a Ms -anlevy = ua bas Led) ophalrnie A > . ee} Prsteriy es : anne we elas eee “eels | 2 ha Oe JL XS rae ints pricier <7/ - Bey = arian S si \.\ sui exh “ete is | a aay vi . ea et areue™ Lf cy Fie Le tnbetnal ¢3)]| Lab catokld EE uae nk arte oar cerebeliay leerel {| paecereeeliath Mei igh rede, blk veveebral ° orn, es sige e | Ue extemal 2. lorm \ | canehid ct) lof du | 7 Anterioy spinel arkery a) |/Two \\ / p corey A Left common loess SN JK eanitd ") [Toke Broctineheplalie—-ry\__ 7 “De Left subelovfan lot pein cir" Ff Arch of aorkey VA a ‘Scanned with CamScannerclassmate Circe of Niilis Major arteries suppluing the cerebrum(branches of ; z) basilar and internal carolld patery ) aet intercon eco) bo one andthe at the base af ihe. braln . >_|| TD supplies oxygen obed blood to over Sot of the. cerebrum + > [forms sx-sided polygon of arteries, around. the. interpedencular Be || rs formed t— nue Be eae @) | Antextorly by ACR and ACA: ord (2 Postextovty Ba BA. dividing Inky two pén- _G)| laterally gn 2ach_sld by posterior communicating artery eomecting internal cawolld arteyy with posterior! | evelstay artery. Significance of cela of wills . orally Ahere. je Wtle_or no mixing of blood streams! ct) lof JworVertebral arteries in the basilar artery « tt) [Two prtertor cerebral aleries jn He anterto communicating arkew - Tnternal cavokid cand” posterior cerebral arteries \n the posterior communyating aibeny J Therefore , ylaht_ba. half of brain 13 VA and Rich and left half of brain by left antet! 2G See Teacher's Signature- ‘Scanned with CamScannerVf > \ ere. Internal! cavodid. omlew WZ eyes AP view of cerebral 3 Ras 4 (eatelid Filey ) iegraehy ‘Scanned with CamScannercomponents of basal nal date nucleus tamen lobus pallidus ¢ -external segment - Thternal segment bthalemie huclets ubStana nigra — are functlonally re basal lig. eC. a ale, located within the tempore: pe has a aimilar_embryog ene origin bub ancllonally \s part of the limble system. Teacher's Signsture—— Scanned with CamScanner(7 vecipital aye 4 a external consti X artery) : A ~ |) \e\\ cupertor thyreid artery K Are, Unguay \\ 2 ieny \ \ common carotid | | iter | 4 Angiography (te. Common last? Lateral view F cereal ~~ superby Lempotatl . \ ante ny , : \ / = Kx y Posies 7 vy bi a e as ‘Scanned with CamScannersuperior sogital sinus Ne superior onaste, tnokic vein of \ \ Trolard role vein 0 jperficia| vein \ )) : / £—‘pdernal Juquiay vein | A internal Jug / l Ze Guperfiival cerdtar yen oF cerebrum S inferior anas middle cerebral 1A Ip te. hee — etn) ‘Scanned with CamScannero ? js | Venous ayatem of bran Velns_digining the braln paranchyma may be dividel iY lo Superfidial_emd deep veins: q The cuperficial velns primarily drain the cerebral 4 2 corkex, whereas the deep veins drain the deep obructures within the hemispheres - the cerebral veins empl Inko the dural venous anuses situated within the suarchnold space. v The Superior Superficial system drains inte the — if a Superior sagital sins while the deep system of 0 drains into transverse abrol qn and slamno\d sins “[auperficial_ Veins “Tk comprises of f= Slaal sinuses ci costical veins re cortical venous System {s_ further divided into Superior ntddley and inferior groups : f Here are ceveral Important superficial cereal ve ins -— wy Superior snacatamotia vein of TWwolard —_—_— |L__tu) || superficie middle eervebral vel (qylvian veld atrferior wnostamobic yein_of Ladoé ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘ Superior sagittal Sinus i _e Traneverse Sins fluence of sin te con Tnferiey saqitsl sinus abxelq ht cinus cavernous, sinus Superior’ ‘inferior Petrosa sinuses Fig:- Deep Cerebral veins ‘Scanned with CamScannervod Deep veins lhe deep Cerebral venous drainage gustem lcomopriges S- pre a) Iinus es i- ~Traneverse a) Siarnold att\ Chralaht aS} Deep cerebral veins $- a) Subependymal a) Medullan Wnts dvating the thalamu thalamus, Internal _capéule, Septem pellucidum ) choyold pl corpus atsiatum andthe white matter” Teacher's Signature Scanned with CamScannerFrontal lobe Falx Cerebr eorpys caylosun coneri ot ) —\—— Fr na! 21 of teberay veninide ~ Superior most Part of the aight adrenal gland ts higher as compared to left Adrenal gland size > RL: Adena) gland tas medimum width of getmm, LL Adveral gland has maximum width of 7gmm > Adrenal) gland le lorges in neonates andl infants ) spleen > 5 Inches tongs Sinhes wide, }S inch thick ea Welghs abodt ¢ouncos (t320g 1am) fe ¢#) { | Gall bladder 5 Bem long, 2.5em Wide welght-» 4-3 cae Se | Te junction thickness s 2-2 mn a Nee 2: Pancreas ~3 eth 12-\5cm , Brexdth~3-44 om Thickness ~ 65 —Zem rurehant. 20-Jo Retropezitoneal o: = oS @ lies In Le-lo Prom co, hilum of spleen Bee pee neavity of duocenva to | t+— fee Scanned with CamScanner(the retro peritoneum 1B the. eavi Ahat lies bekween Mergen a peridtoneum Canter orly) atin CP 1OY pariets) posteriorly) » Docee 1a divided Into a \ ‘Wee spaces by the pwrirena l fascia and-le best vieualiged using ¢T Bnd tgs, &iyoss anatem Hipere. are fue! compartments!~ jateral compartments AWided Into three apices by rena| fusca, Perrenal space Anlerioy pavarenal apace posterior Pursrenal space. (treat Vessel compartment Dostent ox compartment + ACE -||Pedrenal space. or pesinephrtc 30: = cundaries t Anterior and posterior renal jas tie continuous wt each other ‘at ee Teacher's Signature —Scanned with CamScanner’2. Anterior pararenal epuce. or PBeNSENS > Boundaries 2* pogieriov parietal peritenesm (aie, worl ), anter oy renal fascia Cpostertezly) and takeroconal fasdier Ceontinuation of posterjoy renal fascia) laterally - > Contents Duodenum (Op - Da), ascending and | descending ¢olon, panclae, lymph feo tk > clinical Importance 2-45 find out the cause of dleeases, pathology to the telated organg _ B Posterior pararensl space or paranephria y ; > Bounderies t- poeterloy tenal fascia (anterio transveraalis fuada Postertov Contents *- Tat only a —> Lioical Importance? 1 yp) olcal Importance? While. performe in pen, | PEN abe te it < gels kink: if +: resistance occars due | Present In thie P Space. ty), caudate Lobe of diver >TMe ‘caudate woe. 2 | ‘i Prt of the Wer, aupprieat te taieaty) Independent epatia Arteries g by => Blood From caudey Inferior verscavalrye) eeby dtsins into and Scanned with CamScannerTh is & also known as Has independent Wood aaa lobule of spleger » {Ly Hypertrophy te of caudobe lobe ls sean nn liver _clyvhosis Cmost common) esuses }- cinhosis 3, Hepalle venous occlusion In which venous drainage from the caudate. dobe to the “Ive te maintained by emlesany y velns + Tn c/s anatomy of \iver, Paudate lobe is aeen be? Tve and portal vein! Contents “and Arely siluation in hilam of Myer Ut) Most posteriorly — portal wel (2)|| Th the middle — thepalie artery 02) Most anter arly — Hepatic duck os Signature —— Teache ‘Scanned with CamScannersrEds ype Duydauirag A f Jey Vuydova, ce Ep. Mae ed \ 9 > x ponds jaus sealed Ua Aolaato%d {vats poe jv anped Scanned with CamScanner ] peels founesad MHA@SAO PUCKER or DUKE Raps a ASSmaAte evs znztomy of Retroperitoneam wt the level of a Amailey rebyoperito real $- Adrenal ‘qand, lice cond arefer $s Bladder | aorta ard Tey techs Ca Secordenily retroperitoneal ~Parts ofthe ducdenum, except the iil) ( ascerdingl dese. colon. _|\pa reas “Te gps ep. of _dusdenam ts ‘inheperitoneer| Content and their situations 17 Kidineg hilum OQ oe) “Rensy artery fern Reha vein @ da — urelew Wy Renal wen : Wael a ven4 Utred ¢7 oY Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner1 PON Seed Makes A Little Palm (RE Ig lung’) ~~ Another aaa 2 Peg Segments | Breton of lun 3 (Bronchopul mnt TE describes the division of the lun, ents based on the tertiary oy ates Se Bach segment has 1s own “Funone, aren bronchi. 8 | branch ard Anus, the bronchopulmonary Seament s pork 10 of lung supplied by it own Bronchua and arery Right lung. The. rights lu ng Is subdivided Info 2 lobes E len Seqm. ents she notation in brackets refers 4s the Boyden classiffestlon of bronchi: ca Right. Upper Lobe Liplea| Segment CBs 2 Poster\ or S egment (Bo) Anterior Segment. (Ba) [Right Middle lobe (atera] segment | CBH)E eee Medial seqmert (8s _ it || Right lower lobe Superior Segment Be Medlal segment (Ba) __ ~ Antenor_ te (88 eS signature: Teacher's ‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner’(Steral Segment (Bg) Posterior S eginen, aig w Left lung — |Meleft lung Is Subdivided into two lobes ond thereby (nbo elghet Segments . 3 left upper lobe Apleoposterley Seqment ( Bao) Aitterlor Seqment (B 3) Superior Ungular Seament (Bq) stnferloy liqguler Segment (5) LefL lower lobe Superior Segment (B«) antevomedial_Seament (Bs ) lateral Seament (Bq) Posterior S egment_(Bie ) Clintes! Significance — Brorchepulmonery Segments limit the spread of some ds: cot he 3 ecause infections donot readily cress nechve| fand for the bedy Jo spill function proper! Teacher's Signatute———— Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannery Renal Hum The renal hilum or renal pedicle ts the hilum of the kidney , thert \s, ts recessed central Sscure. where ds vessels, nerves and ureter pass he hilum S the concave part of the bean she feldney ewhere yenal velo renal artery and renal - peluis passes (from anteslor 4 posterior) . Teacher's Signature Scanned with CamScannerclassmate Shoulder Joni — Rotator cut muse [the Shoulder jonin: joint ts sball and ocket Aype of synovial joint whicl is formed by the. ov Vv wh articalation of the head of humerus with the -glensid caviky or fossa of the scapula . Tcalating Surfaces are covered with hyaline carulaq e- Robator cuff te a _qroup of muscles thet hold the head of humerus tn the glenold coviby . Tk also helps to raise and rotate the orm * Name. and Rincton of rotator cuff muscles ee) Supraspinatus ~ keeps the upper orm ta Stetble. Position * Help Jo life the arm fabducll 09) - Necessary for the \nitial 0 - 1s? of shoutder abduction motion: An{raspinatus + main muscle to rotette and ©) exiend out the shoulder” tw) || Teres minor > Smallest: 2 palais to externally — rotate the Shoulder joint + y mous freely —— ws humerus to adios ttu)]] Sub scapularis — Pio ] during devadon af the om - at Shoulder - Teacher's Signature ‘Scanned with CamScanner(a il, Qr==0 Quisae > choulde- Bursae tele niaace Surrounding the shoulder joint ! : Abert_ste filled with synovial flatd. Mey Thaler movement, 7 and reddce frictlon at tendon — tendon and Aendon— bone Interfaces . Five main buisae around the chouldes!— Subacromial- Ssubdeltold buise te) Subscapulay recess 3) Subcoracold bursa Coracoclaviculay butez (Ss upra-aeromial bursq @lenold labrum 3 Ts a fibrocartitaginous ahruclure thet wHaches as a rim tothe auical cartilage of the_glenold fossa cand _sesves bo deepen and increase Ane surface dea: Th acl ao 4 clalic. Stabilicer of tre glenohum- eral joint, preventing dislocation and sublaxation at the extremes of the range of mobjon - FL \s_apprex- 4mm Thick and is found oy tlang t lax In cross-section nl ‘Scanned with CamScannerclassmate, Supraspinatund menisci of knee ioint aptasyinou s fossa soa Aubercle_6f themeteyior ( ec) Mervation — Supra scapulayvreng , roundes! bay nds 5 ato TAfrase nelus ¢- O Alachment: Tatas. ee Nafiaspinous fossa of the scapula iaitaches _ aeater tubercle of humerus - exvation -Suprascsipybyr nerve. + [Teres minor '-0 Attachments - orlainates from she. posterior surface the scapula) salacent to it's lateral horde, “He attaches to the greater tubercle of humerus + Trvervaiijon - Arillary nee -|| eubsca pularig $- Attachments—Orlqinertes Prom the Zabscapulay fosga, onthe costal Surface of the. Scapula «Tt dlaches 4o the lesser tubercle. ot bs € Innervation ~ Upper and lower auibscapaley new Ow! Scanned with CamScannersais eos: ofan lign — condyle, Tibial Laer astey a Agi sagltal Secon af kneo f lateral’ foiaey Vaslus af 1 etalis: muse k cara colle ee ae of lateray \ Mepiseus | Fibue Head \ C\ io! 'J- Oroney SPH gn of levee jl Biceps ferotis (?) UY MU stle Scanned with CamScannerqaments and menisci of knee joint | Cruciate llgament Anterior e(Acu) and posterior (Pc) 1 these ligaments are two Sirong, rounded! bonds | an thet extend! from the heed of the Hbla fo the Intecondylotal notch of femur- cL \s lthexal anol PcL\s medial. hey cross each other like the limbs of anX. fack Keeps the Hibta from igeing forward and the | PcL. keeps the Mora from SVipoing backward » -||Collatered +& ligament Bund onsne “ade of the knee + Medial cL connects the femur to the tble_- Waleret| CL connects the fernox to te fibule- [the Collateral Lig. corrals the s\dway motton of knee ard bretce. tt agains anugual_mayetnenl Keniset __ eresentt papel Toro | -lMeniscas b apiece ofycottilage founal In the jLspace- orolets and cushion the jos urfors bone eb = [[Medted and lateral etch meniscus 12 c-sbape! nthe transverse plane and consists follow): connected pats - a Scanned with CamScannerBone conLusion 97 ~ Hypoindense gd 03 hypesintens= & a8 bear co! Menisel Ab Ty ane! Te a4, Hyponbense ANd oxo Tt has hows ane) bowtie appestane* Ngament ab Te +i! Hypointense Adijoe) im All Sequences Ml Hyper ntense, there 15 bear > Collateuxy igoment.is seen In orenal section. ~ Cwwelete Razment and menigel are seen Ih Saqitlal ~ tf bone Seems hypermbense. 19 PD) and To., hen there bony “lesion Seems shite. In case of Infection also ~ Suprapatellay fluid, 1s edema or oni at Is hyperingense in bolt -7y ordTo, 18 seaLton to ony Important for trersverse 1g ement [= fe Scanned with CamScanneri) Arrterxior rook attachment anterior how body ~locatect centrally posterior hos posterior root attachment Th els, Aney have atrengalass hape pbelag thicker perroheralig Yand thinner doa free edge cata Medial laderal Kchape—open and. wide, — —Crshetpe~ Haht and clased ldmast sem! clreal ar" off more like 2n incomplete dircle, tes anterior and paste- Hblal tothkore very Clase to €0. larger than laferal ~amailley than meatal eater fom Sustanhietl ~anterer 2nd poSerlor hom | former Ancen vantertot Worn Suna B)Ze * ee Teacher's Signature ‘Scanned with CamScannerrh pace aeditr a {°> Seqments of livex z (by cout nayd ) Scanned with CamScannercross @ section) Segmental analiad celal According to coulnaad classifi at}on, dhetliver is divided és 2 smqmnonbs-- functionally independent wens allouing, resedion of Seqnients without damaging oer segments Pad seqment has tts qwn Vasalar inflow oulfes a bill Aeetinege + and lary ge Tp the center sf each seq. there le a branch of the portal yew hepatic artery. ond bile duc: ‘tr tne periphery of each seq: Ahere ts vascalay outflow J Anrough the hepatic veins: J Right hepatic vetn divides the right. lobe (nto anterior and postexlor segments: middle hepatttc vein divides the iver inba Yignt and left lobes ov hemiliver* This plane urs. from the. nhe- mor venecaya fo the qaibladder fessa- ‘the fataform ligament divides jhe loft lobe tntd__ medial seqment qy anda lager) segment tr = and m - : The portert vein> divides the \yver_inio Ufret a j | Seq Menent>- ae 7a Teacher's Signature ‘Scanned with CamScanner\ = Segment 2 Is sometimes dtuided tntg Segmens ava and rb- weet ' ile —The numbedng of seqment is tn Clockwise Peiiie, Fa... aeqment Coudabe lobe) te locestedd (ostenorty, Me a Viatble ta Fromad view » — —These ea are not Seen In NCCT because He ieee | landmarks} hepatie ven end poral vetn ere = Yesponsible for this chuislop and om are Only visuatisy > in C€cr. = ~ Portal vein dtvides the liver into superior end mera Seqments. Gp Suhtiier 2,42, 8,7 = Tnberior ~ 3,46 15,6 A ) fant S@nens ~ 59.4, 49, 9 Ssterlor Seqments, 674b,4,3 rantic tine > bs aver, jae de (chard tight wbes Re — that divides the liver inl | © Orr ; ty n chtengla 2 = tery Plane used for |__s © of © Ive aa reat tase oe Postevionyto the Which aj i } ciate co Uinaudl movies the ints left and right ee | is ? Hinchioney ee the left S Segmentettion of liver’ pa. (34a, 4b cee 16 H3 ‘ | Sa =——— Scanned with CamScannerMedtaotinum Tre mediastinum 8 an area found in tre : midline | of the thorade cavi |, Aree _Ls surrounded an | } Are left and right Pleural sace+ Tt Is divicec| nto, the. superior and Infesior media a9~ Eno, of which 48 Inferior te the larger - | The _Inferlor medigciinum to futher divided into the | antertor: middle and posterior mediastinum - Every compartment of the mediastinur contains many vita organs, Vascdlay_and nevral Shuctures_ that are closely related to ezich other Borders “and: coments Superloy mehashnuM | Borders in rot rib superior) -T Cinfextor) 4 Contents s- Thymus," Traches, Psophaqus, “Thorade a Koilio. arch, Veins (cue , brachiocephalle vel! vetqus, ph renle Syperioy intercostal vei), Newes (verqus, ”” Other smal left vecurvent tnnngert mpnabes wines arteries and vad - nd Try Toot “Tonst And Vitam Mnemonics! Now LHe” Qats ee Teacher's Signature ‘Scanned with CamScanner2.- Anterior Inferior ee a festor ) » Borders = Ty (superior) oe sternum (antertos) — Pericarclium C Posteri) + Contents: remnant of thymus Lymph nodes 3: Middle infertoy mechasHnum 3 i * Borders iTy (supertor) - Ty Cinkextor) 3 f art aspect of pericardium (antertos) posterior aspect of pericardium (postexior ) * contents — Phrente heres, Heart, Pertcarcia rm, Asrending aorbs, Pulmonary brunk, SUC, Pert card phrenic artery : E 4 Postertor Trkstor mediaspi [ : num puis Te (superior) = ais Cinfextor ) Pp Posterlor speak af * Contents pes Pericarrcinny Cankertor) Spine (pastel ~ Scanned with CamScanner3- llver 2- branches & pote! vdn \ 3. Portel ven 4 a Pancreas ‘S. Intestine (large) 6. spleen” a> (ef Haney B- Right kidrey q. ve to. Coeliae funk te Vertebra (2. tio Teacher's signa! Scanned with CamScanner| | of pancren: AI the level of Head | | | | | | | 1 Scanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannergq colon Transverse 0e gconding stern) v 7 Z_pevlealyces! # ‘Scanned with CamScannerSS tml. oto | at} ox fur |b fos | |S At the levey of portey uel erry Scanned with CamScanner= Rare \doe_of liver \2- Ske lobe of WE | a- Hepatic gortal vein 4 Unes abe \ ee “Transversecton 2 Jeurw™ | s Se roose oF a Descerding soon qe cpec) jo- Karey Celt AV =" {oft lund \ \ \ \ \ kK aoa CoeiaS Arun bes ane qu, Su perio® — 15. apene SES Te. Hacdenwm ' A Ane ~ Scanned with CamScannerELH rrds psoucy wadonoy 4D way gt i = wl aypydoulsad psn Dowde paloroijoy Scanned with CamScanner ele) buysrecooes Pl| Embructo di cat Development _of idne Ore genital System urinar x ‘Repreduchive system Td week —> rt week — Gaabulation Pataxial mesod evn \ ectoderm re eerm 4 | egoclormn _prviesedetm [> Intermed ome endoderm lateral mesoderm > | ero, enita} system 5 dened from Inteumediate. ' Uriner ern | || Pertitzation —» #* week | lk KCEDNEY, gions = [Development qcours I SED = 0) | Pro - nephron> ee uth weel ag puical resem ace \n ce e tk shh wee! na disasppents # ‘Scanned with CamScanner) Mesonep hren : as Not totally non-functioning for certain period of me - a et male oi emele. ~> degenerates later, differently In nes a > Th males, some ducts (masonephtia PesIge = pnd help In formation of genital Staudures while tr females, it totally diseppeas E= F — wo mesonephria duds endoCpenetrafes) in cloae, = IIE bit funelfon as ‘oy \ Branches ef Poste ae higher level, =| Congenitsa) Sromaies = | 2. Oni Steral enesie of Kicthexy : [s > one Kido te: fot formmedl- =| 2 Silzterzs BJenesig = KH W-> Both kidn, SIE IDOE ines —_- i> Ineo pes}ibje T life . i, — 3> Slople Kidne 2 Peluig kidney > Pails 4p Beera | vessed ye Sctopig Bot os & id i 5 Howe shoe -5 Infeat oy. Poles ee on specs: = USea, ‘Scanned with CamScanneragit - 20 7 oa < clacsmate. - rahorentoneet dancers itt cia pTriekness ~ (6 CEO) ois Miaeomandst —— ‘Scanned with CamScannerWA LILY Cungy exgy (tog 42 ae] S47 Wawopge yo fhuaqjaue sia —3 by eas Scanned with CamScanne! frog renqe3320 é pro wuds Joe peu worqe, ~BRBA so way uc. UPO fevey-4 wi paey 7 Aen pe oa Who quounis jo sniojPy BGA ora 4 Mee qedTLL ‘late ] SOREN YO fonol say saa ya Way fo Srucpetca oa “by (ero, poudes Kpog larqarion oBuydosg “8 WepPans 4 heupey ¥ Pros? Uoulwoy -7-7—} ‘Scanned with CamScanner huanyEyon po ue 42 na PU FE yoyo jo fwopeus 3) ~ 1 Scanned with CamScannera“ ‘Scanned with CamScanner epee Guypurrsag S71p4093 YS] hape. i hrouowird 7437 q \ ren, Prewouyng wc NEN EE ) aes aN‘Scanned with CamScanner opin pure WY fi ne wl iy” < _—~ Y BIAe On yo y my a? Gr oy) f vA 2 + orl hos 4 — { ~ g \) yon anpso0O a. on i) cones WA — / j ning A Si oO f 6 ein a" > GS J oak Guth GING * S Ja AW 4 < ual rape Ae Me : SH J ae Gurr . Ze « L ip == J use ahet) WW | | ASGEO{? 7 fe Pal ou Fe asap 4a Rwopeue 52 iy ‘Scanned with CamScannerined with CamScanner < S S aMung fe form) wp fh thas Vio porns eye ‘Scanned with CamScanner frum (190 biasdiee SHGMYA Wha bapa | a tha | Five) / Prvoupod y [AE TN te ELXN aD a LORE G € — S § QB € & O° = 3 3 3 < € & § aG0 a) yoneal Organs ) organs Reyroneri 314 Tpuodenam gare 21 @ Ascending Colon J Descending Color ° Recku Tyeas neck ibe st pancreas p mianey weet : Saperer! glands > Abdow! nal aod e tVve ‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScanner‘Scanned with CamScanneril Scanned with CamScannerParnas! Snuses Are_ giv cavities thet help dycalate the Sly thet moves in ard out ard 9 | of the respireion ysis sSlustel around nasal cavity. allthe four gzive of sinuses are s- Ae ail paved and bilateral). Some are also Ssymmetileal - ne fronts) sinuses Anterior wall- Forehesd ard superciliery arches. Superior orc postevior walls— amertor cranial fossa Iplertor_voai] — bony’ erbit,the ant: ethmolda) einus end nasa) cat medial wall conwwalateral einus Shrevvatlon-> Supraorbital news, supratoslest newe Ubranchey A cptalrnle nerve) \laaculahoatien = santerloy etrmoida), suprorbita) euprahochleay arteries t branches @f epnalitc artery) choraclesietios. The-+wo alnus \nanla. pair ave not Wertleal In shep | These sinuses are underdeveloped, aya They reach Aer fuilsice art shape pround the age of FS Lnedhontal sinuses. drain primarily inte Ane etomaaal trfun- | dilalann and tne corresponsing \ainph_drsiina ie geeyys NO ape Sulomandiloulay lymph. modes Vai the infundibulum er tne Fvonko- The fronia) sinus divine J oemilunaris othe middle meas! nasal. duck ints the Hels” 5: for Men casodlieted wit ~| anfection: the frontal sina inlectlon of the manillery Q\nus aa thelr opening “are ver close. Ao each eter” ‘Scanned with CamScannerwalle = cheekbones: sm port Superior_alveciay, middle oy eMes (branches of meniller n> ep © mneallany ehberley Stam nat ake af chain [tet y 4 wile tegion ls called Sei The midae ‘Scanned with CamScanner‘ a e. 2) eto soldat ermalle ‘Scanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerScanned with CamScannerNbular aka lero fee pe) ——|Tenporal bene : =the demporal bone lo a lange Blaleaiy a tric) bone ss leshich forma the pease of ah ctarriraa} Dat Bieng with the_ | iofee eccipitaal, bone, to gaticipute inthe lateral walls ofthe sku _| > || Tt aris.

|b is exh = {The squamous par ‘is a: flat ‘plate that builds ano leleral Vestibule toalls of the middle cranial hese. > |The Inter |? I tt heusess the middle meninges)’ srtery that le moras surface [ey a groove Jn 4the: bone - « > lhe zuysematia process oriace Thom Ie -otley aurface’ of The inf (the Squamous part end siteulates wilh the. lomatic, bane. the cay 2 _[Ihe. glenold fossa sits just beloio the 2ygometic pixees > [The me Lohere Ye comes Into _conttich inith ape mandibular ‘condyle + nslnid Hie a park of temporomandibularjeink S a4 line The Sqwamous port Is separsied Nery the tympanic: part > |The 2x. the _petrous. govt Sis oene on he pete nice facure tes \ " yopanie: gent. flacire tas behind thie sdivlsion | anteric “lumpante Par ~ fests Pie tea get Te Faerie ase ee — . . Stes shaped and contriba-| 5 [Wh pe as B0tSOK Paskerior ord | Saal [Paeceg : Hxtemal emustie Meatag CEAM)y and te poster! |—— ae Non- articalatn art of the lend foes Seas i it's Bache 5 the u Baha _mi -—— sti demporal_satue ne embrans, algo been ae || pel Slag iy Be a Scanned with CamScanneraod and ane aniexior guditon and se aa arated : - aie \s located st A= postextor ne! custle. Scanned with CamScannero » | Parle telerzin (Mesenrepparyn) [The tidbrain oy torsencopk Prominent) grat of dhe Core bonenn alon, ba the moot soctial Cinting Bede Nhat conateta Hee puro ard with the torebrain, | Zo the shddtiesspad fan biaitchon, hana the fle puclei_inyelyed in te gi 4 and viowal Information. Icey (audit. | Fetom ¢ roof Lquadrigerinel kate | | pooterior path large dere [tet halves by verticls E pane 4n cach om) om | Tegroendary Subote Crue | ceyebri = Scanned with CamScannerKy OD hopabwencars "Pa ) far Pegmenta "TR u : Wyencho pulmonery Seqments eye the furetlenal Aiviaton Ofshe longa into srgymnenta beet en the derbierry oy ae MAENLAL hyeneht ‘Hua, the bronehopuimonery segment supped by Ya own bronchus end witenys etic algnificrines Bronchopulmenery. segments anithin the lung, because in the _nen connective taaueputitien ‘The aeqmente juni tind forthe body 2 till function properly» Right Sung. as Te hoa 2 Naswres tm Horizontal end oblique. ‘The right _\unq_hea_ten_seqmente. Right upper lobe. Aplenl_Seqment Bt) Ponterlor aegment (Bs) Later eg Meda) Segment (Be) ¢ 3 Bey a_gment hem ia aon pllmoneny. wake Ibvench ered ta et portion of lung, Veit the aprend_of some eng, Neothona_const: yendily evors uy hetween_ them + dealqn_eitoura for_lobea to be yemoved, en pna_a lobes seperated by jwo fNesuree a. uperior Jobe __bs Middle lobe __¢+ lowey_!9be. _ refeya to the Royden deaifentlon of broncht. y a Right lower tebe perloy_Segm Antevior segment (Bs) 2 bevioy_ seq) Right Middle, lobe. lor Posterior Sey) nit (8. |] Levers) Aegmnentt ( Bu) ni Left Lan yi he selene Left copper lobe Aplenpoatentor 6 Anterior eqme auperor lingual Tpferior linge tefl lower lob Superior sear Anterormectn| Loteral aegren| Posterior 949! Reavre+ @ ASIA ‘Scanned with CamScanner= ——| leh lang on | > [e ines 2 flesure += ddique Mesure —~_ |r > | eeoms: 2 lobes Separated by eblique = - a+ Upper_o¥ Superior lobe blower lebe. re) > |The lef tung ts Subdiuided lio elqnt Seqments . — Tt eft upper lobe sd t. ||_apleopostesioy Segment (Bie) 2. || Antesion Segment, (Bz) Jseas! 3 Zuperios Uinquiar= Segment (By) 5 q || tofevior_linguley segment. (Bs) noved Ht || Left: lower bob] _5:|| Superior segment (Be) é- || Anteromestal seqment (Baie) + [Loteral_ segment (Bs 2'|| Postesior segment, (Bio @. ASTA_ALPS gckels nent —Scanned with CamScanner"yap, | | sicallcnaen Coan 7G pd | | tiny Neg Penipy ist Yeon Sovioms Lebo Lane £ Tongan bene womphaes Sie ATi: ams [8868 fonts, WON D8 L150 AYVAOID, WALA ! Lepper hyregeriie sped Nid } : D Serdou dudhory AHO HVE Vee id “ NNdenel ein» complisss BP ayice apd extemal ai thing jeith_2 cond: rom 42nd. pe 2. \Ptiddle eny o> etibyrgsnumn, Mesynonnum and neh, i SL lnner «a» osezua and membrsineas leleyrinth th ooh >: % Aenpe Cten otruetures in teeter Ay the sempoyny bone | Wisse 4 Neue tines Ceri) negye Vat ened Yam ANA HES — Sphere) exvelbd berg, Tyger bulb sind shymoid 4)nug 2.1) Vaceubyy 2. fle ene ee || tay byroprnia crvity BN ALES wy spbiy ? || Extenda from Lumpanie, Membiune to thet in 2 | Neo wlthy Apia, temporal bona: | ~ |Tonethon = ty HEEL UierEliong From the jr bo the inner exr Win she nudi4 [Pats z goa ‘ = Wprweante cafe, lore rere te te hwrgnarie, { COMANNS Aion artes bone brown as a She fnolleus, incu and Simpes EM oropante feceaa La Weice uspertoe dp ‘Scanned with CamScannerte +o tne maid air colle. roalieus and Ines partlany eccterd oynrdo iho tre _epr_ can be vieustiond aa nm secloncysiac wy, and Jaleval wane 2nd torte ook ord floor, medial ; || Floos > known 28 the ququiar wall, i : 2: i layer of _bone, which ‘separates _[ Pithe Interns juguex vein: ‘Scanned with CamScanner= oe Temporal Gone Anatomy —————— pert to bone _{-Temparat hone co@prisss 9 = [the mal 0Sseous | parts, name ehrous, squamous; mesisid , pep ttegen reo Mle and tie oe + Borders Sa ee 1 4 4. || External ear comptiogs of auricle apd externalauditey 7 sith = canal: 4 rg PS ri ; 2. Missle cov > epilympanum, meaabynpenum se RYPeK ype 3. |Thney ear > osseous anol _membraneus labyrinth + l|Roof > 4+empc Cyiéical structures in relation to the temporal bone middl. + | Nevml chucues Genial newverwst vinaloy ae zl vascubr structures — Intemal: cavetid artery, Tugulor 2. || Floor- bulb and sigmoid ainus. tpt fz \aye _the 2: || Middle_ear 3B- |\later: > | Ze a tympenia cavity, AL CM pteta) want of and > | Extends from tympania membrane to thetinney cor to > || Iles within the temporal bene: 4: Mee i 3 |[Functlon ~ to transmit vilbrations from the fympernio membr~ ear y zine to the inner ear vig the auditory basicles. ane farts ~ 2 parts t ae = Fe | S| Ant Tyinpante cavity ] Por = | locertedt eile = medisily te the tympani membrane BR conizina three smal bones knawn aa th ‘ ‘eh ‘ 9 the audi ssi cal the matleus, ineus and Stapes Hory 8 sie 2: |Epitunpante tecess & || Pos [ pe ‘Scanned with CamScannerBony labyrinth the pebrous pa “Tk \s_ compos. semi -crcula he middie ear —_— All these sh ee > Scclaieg #2 the -mallleud, incu andehpes | aed contaln = Seine chaii—ike: manner, linking the | Membranous "phe oval windew-of the Inner ea) Tk consist= “} J[uympocie membrane te upricle and \Mastold: aly celle ol . as (The membres oH: located posterior to! epityrn| ania recess The Inner e: —__mey are a allection of wy filled spaces “i thermactoid covered by proceas of Lempors| bone - no a-cavity called the: i Te oval wo “r+ [The air cents: are contained usitht mastold antrum which-ommdnicotes rusitricine middle ear joule, whl Via the adikus bo masteldvartram ist from: the masiold sir cela —> ade ae a buffer system” of air Muscles tv 4 2) [Tensox Lympani 2: Stepedius Auditory tube (Eustachian: tubs) —> Is: a cartilagenous land bony tube -+rakconnecke: ther middie- carte tne | nasopharynx. o Liner Baar Tse . “la _located: within “the | petrouis ‘park ofthe” ten poral bone Tk lies between the triddle ear and Inkemalaedustla meatus, which lew laterally and tn ly edjaliy respectively - las" 4250 main Component » J eS $ | Me ‘bony Jabyrinth : ; | > oy 0 B: The membranous labyrindy } ‘Scanned with CamScanner== h => consists of a series of bon: cavities with’ Bony labyrinth _—>_conese tempora) bone + __ [she getrous part of the || ae te composed of the cochlen , vestibule ana Ynree_ 7] semi neireuter canals + t wieke “= [au snese stucres are lined «internal wrth periosten! _exa andy contain 2 Plot do catesipedtympbys go giow ene bs Souk stesnand Se dee ————— \abyxinth -— nen Yes within the bony | B_||Membranous-labyn — || ta consisee of We cochlesY, guckj-cemnh eieivenar fucks precio 0 es and saccale: ——— ag io Billed with Tala gated ‘ndal= jus lL urstele -_|\the membranous \abyninth— — ||tHe Inner ear middle 23% bot | covered by membranes — iy Mes ‘bebe has wo openings (nto tne mice Seno _matgnus SS Gale ear and the vests jean tne ml e middie ear [TReoualwomndov—~ en The ae ed ee ea 2 ots! Prom: the: Seale kysopal C part of cochlea ‘auch foo sisersa0e SETS Enel seennfios’ j£GO1 { Hi Jo cols oe Scanned with CamScanner'’CT Pancreatic vote) rte urpose —_— Ni elzclion and characteyizalion of pancrealia tumors yterial_ phase — esyascalay lesion eg: peuvoendoey,— umoys,, vascular lesions Paneseatic. phase — depiction of hi YLenuall nag tumors oY: 0 rs uch 29 Pancreatla ductal _aelefocaycinom: Portal Ventua phase ~ depiction of hepatic metacize: wer mioasia ele + Delectlon ard choractsriza Her of. cystle pancreatic Jes) Acute Pancreatit|s Staging and sever: after si tom _Ons ek, Search for eology (choledocolithiatels, autoimmune. tits anoweatitls veka, jetection of complications invearty and late eluding esctra pancreatle complications Confirmation of the diaqnoels of pancreatitig Conty i! Nolcaty wnelear crate) fase i of Fatiot aasessment (best done = 2-3 days ve. rr hase ae ale > |fetrology “of Fallot le = combinaiion four eongenit: earl dlecaces. the four defects Bre }— 2:4 Nent\ cular Septal defect Ven Pulmone Slenoals A miepleced sorts A dhickened ri, hyperthvoph, it _Vertrleulay usant ¢ int _ventriculae They usually reault in & lack » Teachin 12 bOd: Me 4 component > defect f To =tch_blood is Hn # anterior malpaaidl on of to on nt to tesul “SSult from 2 ein: "Scanned with CamScannerPana Dae: 77 Yeoidosis +> » A Systemic |nNammator disease of unkne. orlando characterized by" the formation of non-caseatk nulomas: Virtually any ofan eystern tay be lovolved Grranvloma = without any necrosis) ls Neat = caseatin H_inflammatosy condition = with a necrotle center, are often Is. br jseatin used by tafection . ee mall area of \oflammation - Te sn Anuloma > 7 aS Ye on of _macrbphaqes that forme jn response +0 ee et Tonic. INPlammation - Guanulom — “Scanned with CamScanner aPepe | Sup. 5 RA Gari - Aeterinad Aostic. Supp, _, : Cohas unk Cupper.pae 4 le) - : 2 os = lor Pes waded orth speple Abe (Lager: brew i 7 yen Cramer Fate tt) —~ awa tls). : tm Qs . - —___ tS op or - > P pbde ® cen | CT. se Sapp G@) Doi te @ a {+> | Lrerequ bo the | ©-sr9 Ma tega t dese es abe. Unpaid baveres (Arking hon Gla oh ve barctes CArisi Ai 4 | colina Lrunte wrk (Cap) Ae Ao) @ Cee Be eee) RS 2:f IVA (ls S) De | Mohsin Soermy 4. vshealle ‘Scanned with CamScannerSup. Spa dae Merrett Mi: SRA SAca. oa TInt. oka S Renal As Paso Dates 77 Palred) branches 4. || Mtidalle 4Aclrenal Ay. (later aa cay Branches} aris\r 2. Renal Ab se eee si ah a 2 4 5 Gtonada} M's. (L2e- 13, Le Ark: O!5 of fet: Aowta,avines below tne origin & RMS passes Trlexio® phteria Als Jour paly 2 lurbay Ab: Viecera}_ branches Bop unpalred Vis ceva! ranches ‘arives Tre A -sbdominad aosts » wa Ane “Anteglor 2uvites. | @ cotteat_ “Turks ’ ean supplies at the Struct ves reladed: bo» absoroinsd Joresst * | Sapper 2 © Abdeie iat snot OSS @» a 2b] @. pogdensin ( superien to omayer gacita) @ wer 8 Pancreas round bulge produced by beieal tum : of cochlea - = & "| Fenestra! dualis > thes posters Superior t0_ pronion’ ir = | And connects middle ear with vestibule: end-l3 --occey - | by footplate of stapes (__-3- Ieneste “rotunda => posters inferiorly tp 69 | Window o Al Bnd _connects' middie ear T. tala tympeini OF coc : * || Prominetoe of. Racial: newe canals Runs: backwards ; just above the oval window" 40 Xeady. the) low er maging an P aditug . 2 ss pod Jorn) [Pare - Sth m9 ‘ \ ! Anterior wall of middle oar ae a 4 : Superion —» Opening of cane for -tengoy- tympani. ~ || Sea } 2: Middle > Opening of aud}! tu aga 4 oxy te beatprdt jipietnt ann —-3+| Tnfertor:—s thi 0s. Losterior wall of mia tus @ le bery 8 : . a masiy ES ee | ‘Scanned with CamScannerBe ©®© ae a Te = x Tegmmen “Ty mpant Woo Areas ow ee Se Oa Cocned bypoymp- — yok ymp Joho - calpiteap Sot Siehendinicy ————— tein and aharel Ve ls on “of the bony Stsuckares | vmngortantfland | eroded eariy by 3 choles teatoms orane 2nd the kyrnpanic. apie mem’ ated on coronal mage? at | Scutam, tne | annuias. are best demons | khe_mid leony ~ postion _of the | audiko canal a ee _ 5 ee ss _|L pike mupanum ———~ ras = leo above th] short process Conve) of (ncus - fp site Contents! = __ ee ae oS hog | Head_of the alles — Body_of the ‘Scanned with CamScanneryy) 4MOparIm cer its the adits and beth Ane ain) aa Ne Scorned te — _— _— CC _—> ayol anal oz Se-Se¢- Beginin ee : fon wmece \ength= 12 =I6em Diameter der, dilates lietaly _ —~ aa © ‘to eveilus cium ts alae responsive of absorpHon 2 slectroiytne, wy) | mre present, irrvertienl: as.stelt SS Of L aa ‘eure Un segian) — Sacre) Hevurs, ea _perinen} Penne | Relations —Heecumn deeonet hae Toriae, hausira, mppendices. ¢Piplolene Anterionly = 0 and Semi lunar folds- es Female- Adeaiat Supply > Quperier recta) etrieny (9/0 inf. mesenterte wu)” Docenionly Middle recta) enter (Blo interna ihee artery Supertoy @[[Tolevier recta avkow (210 Interna: pudendal griery rors the. Internat Wace aren Trfertorty - [The lymeh vessels eourse slong dhe velns which js why Prodmap Latevaty - rectal cavelnoma_metesiasizes preferentiaiity to Me Iver wheres dietal reels! carcinoma tether meteistesizes 16 What to [She lunges — |The mes contart air The sympatneta tnnervadion is carted by the InPerlor newes: Imesenteric plexus. v - te ane ¢ hte ee {nnewatlon by the Pelvia splanchnic = ATE tem: erlor_hypoquisirc plevus Staginc Venous Yeciat Sakae = by Ane Superior iimidale and inferior Pewrect 7 [he supeor rectal veing faiaran Derive at Jirto the Qortal venus Lem Supper part gf recium The per ~ [he middle ane \pferior Season tog IM veln prostak @ rectum inke the Inernar ies “ain Ahe lower part of — Paratec adhe intern: Geln Systemic elreulesion — asda mMesor ‘Scanned with CamScanner