HISTORY OF COMPUTER GABRIEL ANGELO B.

REPRADO VIII- AMORSOLO

The history of computers is a fascinating journey that spans centuries and involves the contributions of
numerous individuals and technological advancements. Here is a concise overview of key milestones in
the history of computers:

1.Ancient Devices: The abacus, developed around 2400 BCE, is one of the earliest known counting
devices.Various ancient civilizations, including the Greeks and Romans, used mechanical devices for
calculations.

2.The Mechanical Era: In the 17th century, the French mathematician Blaise Pascal created the
Pascaline, a mechanical calculator.In the 19th century, Charles Babbage designed the Analytical Engine,
a mechanical general-purpose computer. However, it was never completed.

3. Electromechanical Computers: In the early 20th century, electromechanical machines, such as the
punched-card system used in tabulating machines, facilitated data processing.The first fully electronic
computer, the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC), was built by John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in the late
1930s.

4. ENIAC and UNIVAC: The Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), completed in 1945,
was the world's first general-purpose electronic digital computer.The UNIVAC I (Universal Automatic
Computer), delivered in 1951, became the first commercially produced computer.

5. Transistors and Integrated Circuits: The invention of transistors in the 1950s marked a significant
advancement, leading to smaller, more reliable computers.Jack Kilby and Robert Noyce independently
developed the integrated circuit in the late 1950s, revolutionizing computer design.

6. Mainframes and Minicomputers: IBM dominated the mainframe computer market, introducing
models like the System/360 in the 1960s.The 1960s and 1970s also saw the rise of minicomputers,
smaller and more affordable than mainframes, with companies like Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC)
playing a key role.

7. Personal Computers: The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the advent of personal computers
(PCs).Companies like Apple, founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, and Microsoft, founded by Bill
Gates and Paul Allen, played crucial roles in popularizing personal computing.

8. Graphical User Interfaces and the Internet: Xerox PARC developed the first graphical user interface
(GUI) in the 1970s, influencing later systems like Apple's Macintosh.The development of ARPANET in the
late 1960s laid the groundwork for the modern internet.

9. Laptops, Mobile Devices, and Smartphones: The 1980s and 1990s saw the development of laptops,
making computing more portable.The 21st century witnessed the rise of smartphones, combining
computing power with communication and multimedia capabilities.

10. Cloud Computing and Artificial Intelligence: Cloud computing emerged in the 2000s, allowing users
to access and store data remotely.Advances in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep
learning have contributed to the development of more intelligent and capable computing systems.

The history of computers is an ongoing narrative of innovation, with rapid advancements continuing to shape the way we live and
work in the digital age.
HISTORY OF COMPUTER GABRIEL ANGELO B. REPRADO VIII- AMORSOLO