, oijoalze2s * Mass Taraneh ea High Gmcent ration —t tow Can comtra tion. _ G — asin fre con® gradient +r Tntroduction of Mass Hanster operation- ye und * Tt js. phenomensn of ‘tronspor* of cam pone nder a chemical pote a gradi ent: + We transport accu’ From high emeentration to Jow concentration + @quilibtium — ic reached when grosient: js Zero » It's depends of molecules di ttusi From one distinc phose to anothey and ave based upm differences in the physica - chemical properties of the moleciles such as Napoue > pressure ard so Wubi lity.sf interphase mass transfer urder lady steqe condition, Interface eqtililan ise Ae) eee oA grown of Opera Vien oe sepena Hug COMP Moy, of mixture 18 based on the transfer of water a] trom one - homogenenies press +o another. 1A iwelede echriqaes dike Gos abso pian aod Shyer: : > dtiquid - fiquid axtract on, . Lerch + disiwatien >. Ceystaltieation, fo ayy | a huni dh fica hen and fo: of Otmes Seperation Jechniques, + The seperation process involve. are boxed on the PYinsiple of mans and are called rrvss troms few operation, Saperstion ‘choml ca] «by. deyieg Preeani cuy . % fi [teva on,FF Direct Contact of two immisible phase + Tt is) most ym pov barat of all and includes We balk of the mass Lranster operation. © Vay OUs compe neols are di Howet y dis trittuted between the phaaes. RR Theve ave Six (6) Possibilities of phase Contact’ {Gas - as) —y This cate gon yy No pry sically tea lived, ti) [Gran Liquid] (@) Distfation ¥ TF atl jae components of the system distibsted between the phases at equilibriur & tha Siquid gol” of ace tic acid and water porta ly vapounized 4 heath eg. ® ri ic Found that neo created vapour phase and ot the ‘residual Liquid both contain acetic’ acid and water: but in dit fesemt proportions at equilibs wm with wespect +0 tre oriyival posi tion._ ® The Gas prose 45 created from -+the Siquid by WV i application of heat ox the siquid 4s created feom the gu by semoval of heat+ ©) ny this wo acerstay degree of sepercction of the -omigual aemponent har been accomplished | KK Me Neation'- G Fre citi ona Han of crude Oil. &) Gres - Absorption and tipping. YY 1k q mixture of ammonia and ax is untacted meta diquid voqtet a lavge portion of the aqanmonia wi |] dissolve the diguid in his ow phe art AMMOIA Mi Xtare can be seperation tnis ope vation can be kyown as gas Qgbsorp tim. | TE fe AS. Gack with ammona cvoater | solu an operation 1S) koe as Ste pring and entered 1M qu phase HK Appl cation: ey Removal of CO. fiom synthesis Ges and cp, & Has FO Natta) Gor. See© Hamiditi cation and dehumiditt cation O1)09\ 98 4 —— -\ gvaporation af wale indo Gir “15 Kevou 4 ; ae kyon on Muididi eosin ard condensation af moist airy indo waler fo res of pe hamid i Pica on Wii [Ges - sii] > @ aa f 5% tf a solid which 1g maisture. eaith a diquid 15 expose to selativdy-dy ge the Jigui ol deaves the solid atd ditfuge into operation roan oF drying « > TL the dittusm takes ploce im the oppaite, dive ct Ts Krenn ™ athor ptionw fer vapour and ae Am Shue of va : the activated 1s bret ynto comkact . wi Silica el: . The wat r vapors Af fuse: into Bolid K Replication © c Sepention of Olid into thos.aa UN) iq uid. bgsid ( (a stig. dig, egdia y Sepe wahoo div of two ji nspluble diquid panes . Aw aceon waite sol 1% calend YN seperat] eo) with Carbon Jetway eh lowidl furon & Cochjard Diquid atin Jo Sebte teage. tor en oF Ce} 0% foyrd in acelone crn tHe jeay—viill be from wider. yeaah prose i Seperate out: fonvicah % : . fe emo ral of Aironet from Crasolive (Y liquid -Soti ) @ Cx ystedization * -te when all the phases at oni tinier) « Apolicahor t- — production of Sik and sugary. eu. A Substance such Os uria =" gattice which will gelectirel Lore staetig ht chain molecates , tite the constituents ave poesent in both hoy @ onyst4! ej ntrupt Paaaphin Hy dw car boy but will elude branch Mole cu ley,(ydeaching + - eee Solution of A Compenent Fr i ' ! by a Liquid solvent 7S aa Ss reac hig sam t game -hrne cilse Known 9 solvent extraction as dit tusim is fo » solid +o Jig al t y beads t Oo om ee y Lf 2 M7 0 6 id f ls oy b P ole olen | . arf ib is ™ opposite dizection the operati now , ue = os adsoxphion Ose kro) eran A uid exrvacnm. of cattn from eottey, seats ac on 3 fyi Soh4 > No industrial pecase of extremely avttusien: at goli d- aperca sina fn His cetag MY slew tate ofPhaSe Seperated by a Q Membrane’ > A proess where 9 membrane is aged to $ Y Redecty unaanted Substance avd 1 owsi ng wy : Be perdi the Components 1M a Solutio yl she other to pans drow h the membrate ANG oe vole, of phe membrane is also po change Ane earmposiHory of soly an eg: Desalination of wakr 4¢ Mebhosls of conducting the mags trans Fey operation - tL. Stage. - Wise operat an D 2. Comhinous Contack © er i Two INsdluble pro’? are First allow to come imo amfact $0 fink tee may VIVO if Paste substances cH” Al sv) bts Ane mselvts “betweer proses and yf dhe preses are mere chery) caly Seperated She entre opesahm is knee as cms Htute me stage . Ly fos Sepom tims requ Po greater contentelion Cherrg e athon Semies of stage yt required which 1S called easfate cascade.Conta ticg Operation cation. C70 tinow & btn ough Ane equipment % prose ge “peotes: conti . . se conti fous witout repeated Physical ¢ seperation cind wecon tacking o wesy Iti a . for Hyh Stage cfticroncy can Mean a we lative) inoxpenswe plant enol one whore peerovsowmen ce can predicted féx. dow stage efficieme , Cumin’ Contact Mednods mort desivabbe fox wesion of cost and wer toini| — fos o@ 222 ay) bern . Fe eet oF ond 7 wet jo. tere prvi’ i equi ibsrivre po FF ; crnd pressure Anece exists a 8 0 whi ch cum be show? graphically reed or dNI P aa . qrerd of an equi igh bution, € for eeh disteibuted gub gull bive on dwo pres 99% be reliabl \n Vi baie d stench by ptottig conttation of the eabslonee in the rot each othe,low Byelerw . 19 equiliteri very Aver’ 16 hn woh tre Ph O24 1 eguilibriutn of Ihe ~eornponent bie di Clason 5 fur System not aquiliby iWen . 4 of tho corponemnt between the phaves Wl Otc, So as +o bring the sys do cor ditt i availile, vn of eyUili brim IF wht ent dino Squittvium Cone ay evarnquaslly preva |. , Cmaider Gro absor ptivg which occur / when amrmia fs dissolve FrO™M ON aFO8036 cy th adure by Figuid wader j . - Since Promunia IS “ery Soluble I Waser Peer Gos +0 Savid e0s$} Here py Jew-fors a) sur face “segewating” te 4ao™ proses, ay Ay portion of te Armenia cmvkcules- escapes ) Bene Molecules of AMEN A instarty tcasher | | ack ivy Ges AA & wale Propsrtional +o Arere. conenhaion 17 the fiquid: _y Mfr some Fivne dre cone: of bod pryen ave UNI ForT) -Hepevet the diffusion, mechanism is Stilt there but the Net tranrfer fG6 -the ze10. A Alynarnic equilibviu) 16 not exist Ge cst fecaeng |ak Megs transfer? aang Fev of Hoss from “ore pont 49 andter im q gingle phane and from one prose te another wrt ae bly of bwin force KNOT) Od Mes yams er jhe cine Orfhe sence The main diving force mainly x Tyree of Mass Frems fer & MDleculent diffusion !- EP tne amber of Marg (roles) oF diffusion of O Species takes place wn o gtognent medium, > Turbulleny 0% Eclely Di fusion:-- ~ af the oliffusion of species takes place 14 QQ turbulent Medium then -the Mechanism is Known aS ctusbutarny) oF edaliy diffusion Mas concentration of i” species oO” Solution, UH fe) 4 on Meas eemcemtration of all Be edly Bitter apecios jn the solthan. ( tyj/n3) Vor: si] wu raoo8, in eee ti the solution: Foca of the a jh) specres 11 6 So maCe-F Mas concenhation. of i” Speci in the wed ») Solution Ep -CKmol/ ; Ces ™m A C > molar concentiation of al species in thee Sly Fon ( Kame /ro®> ee ; lei oa . | ; (wit lex) ane ah ne ' ih feaction of iM species MH The Solvicn, eon ost Poseat : os , P= Poo tig) Pressuete oF juin speaes mM Gr ( ane) pari wl Pregsure of all Species im Ges p: 9, > Pil e3 ow an 8 } unit teas) Fractim of ih Specied 11 ye, Gtos Cur 3, Mars avevag e | w ®) gee CPM. cor A ZT Th. vie 4 | ry Molqe. Arevag & Velocity (w Db» Zo gy we Lexi | iss Sci As Twi = BI sui + | i Zhe Zei = €ap Pluzin The Met Mvreorgoge 8 Specien O LOR] 28 . iN & Solution Pons es [erroub ult area which 15 Normal to Ae divectian of diluaon in unit line. () tolar Flux cin Mossy Flux. ( Kno lL, ¥*g » amg ane a Moos Flume 1% + &, Au; ~0) SNF = fui ni “YY moss flun ch 1% specied wirto a Seminory . ° : Ji -3 moss Play of the i oped wr: to am observer Ob serves votth toolar Avercge Nee Fe Molen Flax opi = ci (ui 7%. Anis au; Ri moter “Fines Fite spe ches we vite sta mty Ti} Mo lew flux of 41 FIA spe des Wir tee savin observer oe eee aa -u) ares eeis 5 eat -® ecuTohTmolar flix of ay tre sped of oe mo Say ‘ [ L weloci-y >: of obsevver roe ving cain molar Aug it ze Fick's First las gbseY VEY Movi Ly The motay Prue Fa species O77 am proportiana) worth =molas Average velocity is divec' J t of that spe +o th gq odient of the concenbatim es e Grades - Taw dC Oz Ta = ~ Das aCp ez Dag~concentrati mM F radi ent Urdepemds upon preosure, penmperatares Concentrators Bhee A Etrano | pager ( Ta = Ca Cun -U) = CpUpa —CAU? . Ne — Ca (cant ata) < are ii = Na — [Ca) (Np + Na? c : 4 The Na = AN XS Nae Ja tan -O Nex Ja +N —O ‘ NaaNg = Jatin + WAHG)N in » We Ta+re + N]en 88 ie — (om 5) 5, Cae eu Chiicaaic Foca Oca “2 3p = —3te snarry SY Matement, SO haivi ty in Lirmry syskenn verve equal 10 each other fs tre ideal cme When to+4) concentration 1s Constant. 4b Stedy - State. Molecular Diffusion Hnrough Plui dz _ Na = (vet Na) u +In 2) (NaN) Ca. Dag 288, 7 Ee OZ ie Nao (NatNB) Cr = 7DAB ocr oO ie Z ee . { 1 oe (accent NB)Gy hy cDag t Cdn (Naive tNadeg Al = 2. bl. CDAB pay i ads | ee SG (Nar) Croc =(watnaer® } is Cn en Ne cat (ee ee _—— A Z (mathe [Aac “Unt Ma) S16) ‘ es waldo SONn © CPB. Na din Lupine fat] Z (NotNe) AWa — GA) an] CNa4no) Cc4k DiFfusion throwh Giases:- 40 ideal Gaie- A e Gas [ Z : Ne ¢ ed Jewmp, a (we J» [A Fe] "1 | “Natne Pe Nat Ng rn Pay fea a Pe Na faring) — vn | ie Na- @D a Na » 8 ma x Me f | “Walltns a) = VA, Z RT NatNB i) Realy etate di fasion of A tb NON -Difivirg B. (A) were beirg absorbed from Air cloes Not fx. Ammoyia zh : Arr (8) ynto = Wates Since >) disse in Water and marlecti the i evaporation of water thy. » Ng *0 = constant: 4 ‘ =I Ne + Daa A tn pe) -Y AL Zar . A fNaz Dog 94 (re? y [Rar Dien 9 ie)Ne: 2D Bre fe iano) iT P (Por 7.) ° ( | ’ rr rye pressure oF 8B PeCye mw: St cae oe Steady Sak eguirval Counter diffusion . Na =—-Ne Nezngeo O Ne = (1 +16) * +in Na = Dee he qq Oot Ne(oe - “Dee ( oh aw 7 Nat = Drs Ue fac) = Dea Pe, Pr Ne Des ( Pe pz) a fe G Ongen a Sifheoiny index Steady Gate condi tion varth he cavbom 1 mthooride Tene dittning “U1 1S N/m) ond the emperature is 0°. the partia) pressure Of ory geri ot two pace 2mm part 16 aurspective | { Foo, 1Gs00 WN) xh Caleuiate the vate #& di ffision of oxygen in Bimal per sec. +o the dwn planes: sorough carbon Monvaxide 6oli (A) a & (8) a yt Leo” Min Dens VB 1K1o | Te on Pay = 300 N/m Fa = eco N/M Na - DPD _ Bee x Pe Ue ~ fan) Fon Pe -— Pa = fa, Pe. ~ 4390 7 fag = Po, Pa, 5 sae Na = aaa aA og RE g3@0 “HT 3 oq O3IUX 2073 re G6 016.5 88 — oe y3et su 1998 was a.229- ee Dat /*KMotecular Diffusion in bg.” . oo se qo — Nine (et }: 2 (4 i re | Ovarg) —*2P aine/ 2 Ay Na [etg) - 1 (LY Diffigin oF & into men DINING B. Naz cond: NB <0 aA, Natng Keer 5 Na > Dap fe x (Com Hay )@) equimolar county Diffas; on. Np = Dag lcaeCo) 2 Cone (7% Kp) ae Diffesi vity oF lig. +.DaT GQ Cre > Nas —2Np 4 Movs trons fey, coefFiecient WW The sate of mous frarefer fo prop to oa fosce IS algo ‘PropsiFicna) Jo. Area. U3 ‘Ge Ae A “Gere a chrome fer : coeF Fl’ ci ent Cs) dey caer -y i Ffesing A jto Into Di FFLASID 8 nae Dan x Pe (Pai = Fas) , “Tou Kent PDag: zre Paw Ke = Cbag 7 Z Couryah Cae + TY Sauimoler \ Na = Das Céepsca) Ko * Rat = = was cone (mnie) > Ky Pat " Ay af ®) con E> aii PRasing A mh VOY ~D1 Flasing p | Na= 6Dag. °C xh XA2) by Kae =_COan & em Zam Na = Das (em ~tAr) > kee Ras — BLM 2 em ete oo y ka = & wee “ @) case Ey equimolar - Ny eCDap -C%Ar WB2a)iry Kore Dan: ZW cc Wa ~ Das (ce b1—Caz) ay Ka = Dae = Zz + > Jes < kalCalcwlatt + + y a Ccaladation of the Voy prone mas dronten- coe. dvop | The, Noy Prog uw 6 fox dhe evapssating Of the daop of ethy/ Alcohol no stam of Biv at 300k and \+2 bay pregcuse is Kn = 24a10 6 emo, I< cnet faa (moat valuen of tre mons vans Fee (B) Qleylate the force to THpress ™ coe if re deiving dears of ai ffextnce, Uy mole Frackon of Alcon o) 1 the, Vow pm se. up mole seh o of Alcoro) cre co conbation & Pleoho) if the oi Flusiwity of Plushs| im Ais 1S DP =oO- [Or ea, estima Wwe os ck reas of the sregne nt lio film vapour pressor of Pleoko}. 0°68 77 bar a} 300 Is