Gene therapy is when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is introduced into a patient to treat a genetic disease.

Explanation: This can be done by replacing a faulty gene with a functional one, and adding existing
genes. The goal is to address the genetic disorder's root cause and alleviate its effectiveness.

The new DNA usually contains a functioning gene to correct the effects of a disease-causing mutation.

Explanation: in gene therapy, the introduced DNA typically carries a functional gene that can either
replace or supplement the faulty gene responsible for a genetic disorder. By providing the correct genetic
instruction. The therapy aims to enable the production of functional proteins or regulate cellular
processes correcting or mitigating the effects of the disease-causing mutation. In other words, gene
therapy involves altering the genes inside your body’s cells in an effort to treat or stop the disease.

A.) Somatic gene therapy involves transferring a specific section of DNA into cells that do not
produce sperm or eggs targeting non-reproductive cells. This genetic modification aims to treat
or alleviate a particular condition in the individual. Importantly since the therapy is focused on
non-reproductive cells, the genetic changes will not be passed on to the patient's children
ensuring that the altered genetic materials are not inherited.
B.) Germline gene therapy involves introducing a specific section of DNA into cells that produce eggs
or sperm. Affections the patient's germline. unlike somatic therapy, the genetic modifications in
germline therapy are heritable and can be passed on to the patient's children and subsequent
generations. This approach aims to address genetic disorders at the root by altering the patient's
reproductive cells. Potentially preventing the transmission of certain genetic conditions to future
offering. However, germline gene therapy raises ethical and safety concerns, and its use is
subject to careful consideration and regulatory scrutiny.