Problem 3.9 In Ex. 3.2 we assumed that the conducting sphere was grounded (V =0). But with the addition of a second image charge, the same basic model will handle the case of a sphere at any potential Vp (relative, of course, to infin- ity), What charge should you use, and where should you put it? Find the force of attraction hetween a point charge q and a newtral conducting sphere. En el Ej. 32 supusimes que la esfers conductors estaba ‘conectade a tierra (V = 0), Pero con la adicién de una segunda carga imagen, el mismo modelo basico puede manejar el caso de una esfera a cualquier potencial VO (relativo, por supuesto, al infinito). ,Qué carga utilizar y dénde colocarla? Encuentre la fuerza de atraccién entre una carga puntual q y una esfero conductora neutra. Problem 3.9 Place a second image charge. q”, at the center of the sphere: this will not alter the fact that the sphere is an equipotential, tem but merely increase that potential from zero to Vi ~ aVoR at center of sphere. For a neutral sphere, q + ¢” = 0. (S+cSe) Ta ( at ay bQa—b) Ra/a) (R2/a)(2e0 Fe Ra [2 (RP eek) &( ) (eR? us sign, becanse the problem asks for the force of atiraction.)Problem 3.11 Two semi-infinite grounded conducting planes meet at right angles. Inthe region between them, there is point charge g, situated as shown in Fig. 3.15. Set up the image configuration, and calculate the potential in this region. What charges do you need, and where should they be located? What is the force on q? How much work did it take to bring q in from infinity? Suppose the planes met at some angle other than 90°; would you still be able 10 solve the problem by the ‘method of images? If not, for what particular angles does the method work? FIGURE 3.15 FIGURE 3.16 Problema 3.11 Dos planos conductores semi-infinitos conectados a tierra se encuentran en dngulo recto. En la region entre ellos, hay una carge puntual q, situada como se muestra en la Fig. 3.15. Establezca la configuracién de la imagen y calcule el potencial ‘en esta regién. ;Qué Qué carges necesita y donde deben estar situadas?Cual as la fuerza sobre q? {Cuanto trabajo se necesita para traer q desde el infinito? ‘Supongamos que los planos se encuentran en un cierto angule ‘con excepcién de 90+; usted todavia podria solucionar el problema por el método de las imagenes? método de las imagenes? En caso negativo, para qué éngulos concretos funciona el método?Problem 3.11 ‘The image coufiguration is as shown. 1 1 ~ Veta ty ot Veo ty toeee V(ey) = tf tp st (0) = he \ Vasa F 00TH Vatart ws Ee ae ¢ wl where cos = 0/Va FF, sin6 (owes + sinosi} aay = 1 = we For this to work, [must be an integer divisar of INO.) Thus 180°, 9, 60°, 45°, ete, are OK, but no others. It works for 45°, say, with the charges as shown, (Note the strategy: to make the 2 axis an equipotential (V = 0) nu place the image charge (1) in the reflection point, To make the * line an equipotential, you place charge (2) at the image point. But that serews up the 2 axis, so you must now insert image (3) to balance (2). Mereover, to make the 45° line V = 0 you also need (4) to balance (1), But now, to restore the x axis to V = 0 you need (5) to balance (4), and so on. ‘The reason this doesn't work for arbitrary: ‘tually forced to place an image charge within the origmal region of interest, andl that’s not allowecl—all images rust go outside the re= lon, or you're no longer dealing with the same problem at all.) igles is that you are even 1 :Problem 3.15 A rectangular pipe, sunning parallel to the z-axis ({rom —ov to +90). hhas three grounded metal sides, at y=0, y =a, and x = 0. The fourth side, at is maintained al a specified potential Vo(y) (a) Develop a general formula for the potential inside the pipe. (b) Find the potential explicitly, for the case Vy(x) = Vp (a constant.Problema 3.15 Un tubo rectangular, que corre paralelo al eje (de oa too) tiene tres lados metélicos conectados « tierra, en y=0,y=a,yx= 0. €lcvarto lado, en x = b, se mantiene aun potencial especificade VO(y). (@) Desarrolle una formula general pare el potencial centro del tube. (b) Halla el potencial explicitamente, para el caso VO(y) = VO (una constante). Problem S15 ev ay eS ) with boundary conditions (i) Veo -0, Gi) Vea) = (iii) V(0,y) = 0, (iv) V(b.y) = Vol). As in Ex. $4, separation of variables yields V(2,y) = (Ae + Be“) (Csin ky + Deosky) Here (> D 0, (it) B= A, (il)= ka is an integer multiple of x But (2AC) Is a coustant, and the most general linear combination of separable solutious eousistent with (7), (i), (ii is Vey) = AO (ett 0°84) nga) = @AC) inh) inne) Vee) = Scessitoazjojentonye It remains to determine the cocflicents C;, s0 as to fit boundary condition (iv) Co sinhinnt/asin(nny/a) = Voy) Fouriers tick -+ Cysinionz6/a) ~ = f va(ysin(ary) dy. ‘Therefore sania [ WOH era/ . 2 T sant i 0. if nis even, 1 Samra f selon Sastaeray*{ ttn} ay. Gab(ure/a)ein(nmy/a) He inhi)Problem 3.16 A cubical x ses of ength a) consist of five metal ples, which se welded iogethor and grounded (Fig. 323). Te tp is mide of epate shot ‘of meta, neulatod from Ue oles, and eld at constant potent Uy, Find the Pptemal inside the box What shoul de penal atthe center /2 2/2. 4/2) be? Check sumesealy that you oem is onsistoa! with hs value" FIGURE.A23 Problems 3:16 Una caja cibica (ados de fog a) est ‘exmass por cinco chapas metas soldadas entre s'y conectadas 3 tia (Fig. 323).L3 parte superior et frmads prune chapa separa, asada de as as, y mantenida aun poten constate VO. Haar el potencal derttode lca Cul debe ser el potencia en a centr (a2, 3/2 221? Comprugba numriamente queta formu es coherente con ete vale Xe) Ante) + Meas) Y= Cal 4 Daly) 2) = BP 5 GVO = =H ek nr DA hn =n ia B20 =. Tas venga) EE eases “rE le (wren - (2) sth Fa ey seth Yoon treme neh neal cee UE th sei ot the ‘dete (at on ot a) oe ah deck plas eps are vamaneary ME eho EP oR aN NE ecm =2+ 1m 22/2 ae th a) ~The oe tee SEE Ge a [OTTER Stine th me ete a= 5.3 = 3 soe Siti en 9 = 0 128 WH 9 8) Seto smi ns wn tt ioral athProblem 3.17 Derive P3(x) from the Rodrigues formula, and check that Ps(cos@) Check that Ps and P; are orthogonal satisfies the angular equation (3.60) for by explicit integration, Problem 3.17 Pax) UL+1)P, with (= 3, where Py(cos8) = Leas @ (50s? 6 — 3) Ws = 3 sina (Seas — 3) + cos 6(10c050(—sin)] =~} sind (eos! @—3 + 10c0s*A) @2 = —4 sino (cos? @—1) isin? 9 (5.0574 — 1)] 1 6cos6 (Scos? #— 1) +sin?9 (—10 eos 6 sind)] a dl a(R) = 3a = ~Bsin cos [S.0s? 9 — 1 1 ar er (sno) 30080 [5c0s? —1— 5 (1 — cos?6)] = —Beas9 (100s? 6 — 6) = 2:4 bas (500s? 3) = 104 1)P.. ged (3 a — ar) de = 3 (29 -29)|!, = Ba-1 1-1) =0. v [ sono =Problem 3.18 (@) Suppose the potential is a constant Vo over the surface of the sphere. Use the results of Ex. 36 and Es. 3.7 to find the potential inside and outside the sphere. (Of course, you know the answers in advanc>—this is just a consistency check con the method.) (b) Find the potential inside and outside a spherical shell that carries a uniform surface charge oo, using the results of Ex. 3.9.Problem 3.18 7 (a) Inside: V(r.0) = 7 Air P(cos#) (Eq, 3.66) where mi (su fy. . . a [von (coo) sin oto (Eq. 3.69). a Ar In this ease Vy(6) = Vj comes outside the integral, 90 ae [ Ron inaen But Py(cos@) = J Paco) Pom) {3 ioe} (Fa. 3.68), Therefore, . 0, itt Zo a= (%, eo} V(r, 6) = Agr? Po(cos 8) =[ Vo. The potential is constant throughout the sphere. Bi Outside V(r,0) = >> air fi(cond) (Eq. 3.72), where Plugging this into the general form: B= phate fu Va(6)Pi(cos8)sin@d@ (Ea. 373). 0 iflZ0 RVo, if 1=0 2 _ aD Ey f n(cose)sino uo‘Therefore (ie:/equals Vp at r= Ry then falls otf like 4 (b) YO Av'P(cos4), fore < RB (Eq, 3.78) VenO= 1D DY saa lilcosd), for r > R (Ea. 379) = where By = R14, (Bq. 3.81) and A a f eotrrcosa) sin@dd (Eq. 3.84) 0. itl 40 Rog{eo: if 1=0 Beg ht 1 oT aggre | Pilcost)sin odo a Therefore Feo torr ¢R V(r0) = Pow eal ore > R @ Note: in terms of the total charge Q = 4n Foo, 1Q dag BETS Vir) 2 torr eR Wear Problem 3.19 The potential at the surface of a sphere (radius R) is given by Vo= cos36, where & is a constant. Find the potential inside and outside the sphere, as well as the surface charge density o (9) on the sphere. (Assume there’s no charge inside or outside the sphere.)Problem 3.19, Val0) = Keos(30) = k [Leos 0 — Sex 0] = bla Py (cos) + AP\(cos 8) (1 know that any 3"! order polynomial can be expressed as a linear combination of the first four Legendre polynomials; in this case, since the polynomial is odd, I only need Py and Ps.) Bec = a[} (5eos 0 —Seosd)| + Bcosd oo) Therefore £ srs(cose) — 374(cos0)] Now Save! P(cose), for r < R (Eq. 3.66) vino=y : SF ound), fore 2 (B4, 872) wre (2+ 1) r ; r 4 = Oe [vconesmsinees (Uo, 869) (i+ Dk ,, j P, - “af rsooniniono sineso [nvcanionoscatl ken 2 ka “5 Car aren Say} a S885 sn ifi=3 - = (ee D ew ‘Therefore roan ~4(7) ron} | £{s(1)'} foea’o—sease] 3 (5) sr} -9]v (eo) =A F cao {4(F)' facto -3j -a} (for y <8), Meanwhile, By = Ay (aq, 3:81 this follows from the coutiauity of V at 44). ‘Therefore SKRY5, Da 9 w= {RIB TEL ath)Sart P, (con) 4 1 Pileos®) rion) -a(2) nyu. ] vont (By ome{1(8) ooze (for r > R). Finally, using Eq. 3.83: (0) = € (21 + NAIR, (cos0) = e [BALPy + TAGR™ Py) 7 = (a) 99d) [pian ann ok 56 5a 5 n ds ses! —28- = [tenes F (oe | = BK os0|-94 28 Beas! 0— 28-3] wok «30 [140 08? 0 93] Problem 3.22 In Prob, 2.25, you found the potential on the axis of « uniformly cinarged disk: i.) = 2 (VaR + Ver.0) = 3 (ve +R —r) (a) Use this, together with the fact that #(1) = 1, to evaluate the first three terms in the expansion (Eq. 3.72) for the potential of the disk at points off the axi assuming r > R (b) Find the potential for y < R by the same method, using Eq. 3.66. [Nore: You ‘must break the interior region up into two hemispheres, above and below the disk. Do not assume the coefficients A are the same in both hemispheres. }Problem 9.22 (0) Vir,8) /Pi(cosd) (r > R), 50 V(r,0) t i Sir ta tg, Vise VSR fie Sinn? Lavo]. SH gfe 1 -J-g (2-8 ) an Be aa Comparing like powers of r, Te that By = on ergo Therefore von) ep (lor r > R). _ att ca ] (b) V(r) J AP (cond) (r< R). Inthe northom homispor, 0 << V(r.0) = Lar=g a Vee Savas [a hR-iet -+ se ‘Comparing like powers: Ay = 2, Vent) = 50 [R-rPioost) + trate) + | (for F< R, northem hemisphere), oR = SE (ponot } (fj) oot a) + dn the southern hemisphere we'll have to go for 9 = 7, using 3(—1) Von) =o"! lve rey ro(pu aa overbar on Ay to distinguish it frum the aosthers Ay). ‘Uke gully dilfeence is the siga of Ay Ay = 4(0/20), Ay = Ao y= Aa: So > T. Be [Re rPoom 8) gyrate) 4] {for r < Re southern hemisphere) on ry? -£h £(F) (eote=1) + Problem 3.24 Solve Laplace’s equation by separation of variables in eylindrical coordinates, assuming there is no dependence on z (cylindrical symmetry). [Make sure you find all solutions to the radial equation; in particular, your result must accommodate the case of an infinite line charge, for which (of course) we already know the answer Problem 32a Look for solutions of the form V(s, 9) Ca with C1 +6: sa(Z)-% iF aust be negative (ele we get exponentials for ©, which do not retum to their original value—as geometrically they musi— when ¢ is increased by 27). Now 2, then LE = 19-5 4 = Acusko-+ Baik, o rr Moreover, since (6 +22) = (9), kt must be an integer: k= 0,1,2,3,... (negative integers are just repeats Dut & = 0 must be included, since @ = A (a constant) is OK). “S) = K25 can be solved by 5 = s*, provided n is chosen right: )=ns4 oer) P53 n= +h o 4 bong so (ons Byicently the general solution is S(s) — Cs + Ds, unless k = 0, in which ease we have only ome solution to a second-order equation —namely, S — constant. So we must treat k — 0 separately. One solution is a constant but what's the other? Go back to the diferentinl cquation for S$, and pat in k= 0: ala) S$ = Clas D (another constant),So the second solution in this ease is Ins. [How about 8? That toa reduces to a single solution, ® = A, in the case k= 0. What's the secoud solution here? Wall, putting & = 0 into the # equation ea ab Teno content= = Bos A ‘But a term of the form Bo is unacceptable, since it does not retum to its initial value when 6 is augmented, by 2x] Conclusion: The general solution with cylindrical symmetry is V (6,8) = a9 + by ns + J> [stlaccoske + bysinks) + s°lexcaskd + dk sinks) Yes: the potential of a Hino charge goes like las, which is inckuded, Problem 3.25 Find the potential outside an infinitely long metal pipe, of radius R, placed at right angles to an otherwise uniform electric field Ep. Find the surface charge induced on the pipe. [Use your result from Prob. 3.24] Problem 3.25 Picking V =( onthe 2 plane, with Bo in the x-direction, we have (Eq. 3 74) {Bra i nge=—siscmg, tenn} Evidently ap = by = dk = 0, and ap = = 0 exogh fr k= Vino) = (01+) co (> or = aR (ii) ay = Ep. Therefore Deo Focosd,Problem 3.28 A circular ring in the xy plane (radius R. centered atthe origin) carries uniform line charge 4. Find the first three terms (n = 0, 1,2) in the multipole expansion for V(r.) Problem 3.28 For a line charge, p(x!) dr! + (x) dl, which in this ease becomes AR de Sines OX + rsinBsin dy +r ees, = Rowe! + Rsing', cosa in A(cos ¢ cosa’ + sing sing’) nat ana; Vy = 2eRA _| AR [eve vn [ae ren: vou 2B [2B n= [oreo pti’ = [12 (Sexe 2 ariel = 2 f [asi?o(amane! + snosing!)* 1]! sutead +2siocae J snc'coo' do!) ~ [a] AR ng (cea? x-rsin® TARY (5.5429 9) — aan (Zeta —2 = AE [ssin29 (xcs? 6+ xin? +0) — (sin?@ ~2) = ~aart (3 cos 0-3) So ae BE (oot 9-1) = AE ryeProblem 3.37 In Section 3.1.4, | proved that the electrestatic potential at any point P in a charge-free region is equal to its average value over any spherical surface (radius R) centered at P. Here's an alternative argument that does not rely on Coulomb's law, only oa Laplace's equation. We might as well set the origin at P. Let Vne(R) be the average: frst show that aoe 1 Te ep (note that the K? in da cancels the 1/R* out front, so the only dependence on R is in V itself). Now use the divergence theorem, and conclude that if V satisfies Laplace's equation, then Vaye(R) = Veye(0) = V(P), forall R.!° Problem 3.37 Vowel) V(r) da, where the integral is over the surface of a sphere of radius R, Now da = ze RP sin. 0 d6 dd, 40 Vare( BR) = elven 0,0) sin dd de. is <1 [© snsanao = [ivr nsnnande =< [ ev). usinmece) = gin [(0v) to pha fovtriae~o (The final integral, from the divergence theorem, is over the volume of the sphere, where by assumption the Laplacian of V is zero.) So Viye independent of the sume for all spheres, regardless of their radius —and hence (taking the limit as RO). Van()=V(U). eel Problem 3.39 Two infinite parallel grounded conducting planes are held adistance 4 apart. A point charge q is placed in the region between them, a distance x from ‘one plate. Find the force on g.”” Check that your answer is correct for the special cases a > co and x =a/2 Problem ‘The image configuration is shown in the fgure: the positive image charge forees cance! in pairs. The net force of the negative image charges ta Ret te—ay et 2a—aP war} toe |} When a + oc (Le. @ > 2) only the ¥ (same as for only one plane— oft Eq, 3.12). When 7 t (caoProblem 3.40 Two long straight wires, carrying opposite uniform line charges 4, ‘are situated on cither side of a loag conducting cylinder (Fig. 3.39). The cylinder (which casries no net charge) has radius R, and the wires are a distance « from the axis, Find the potential. [tmmer Vis.0) = Problem 3.40 Following Prob. 2.52, we place image line charges axis, = vertical) Nat y= band +A.at y= —b (hore y is tho horizontal a-t ath }. or wing y= seoss, 2= sing haonal ily + 0? 2ascos6)[(es/R +R QascosA)|(as/RF +Problem 3.52 (@) Show that the quadrupole term in the multipole expansion can he written Vequst (0) = = Livi (nthe notation of Eq. 131), where fi Brie, — Oy Here 1 itt 0 itis is the Kronecker delta, and Q,, is the quadrupole moment of the charge distribution. Notice the hierarchy: DAF On dre Vises Vegas = Ge ‘The monopole moment (Q) is a seular, the dipole moment (p) is a vector, the quadrupole momeat (Q,,) is a second. rank tensor, and so on, (b) Find all nine components of @,, for the configuration in Fig. 3.30 (assume the square has side a and lies in the xy plane. centered at the origin), (©) Show that the quadrupole moment is independent of origin if the monopole and dipole moments both vanish. (This works all the way up the hierarchy—the lowest nonzero multipole moment is always independent of origin.) (@) How would you define the octopole moment? Express the octopole term in the multipole expansion in terms of the octopole moment. Problem 3.52 pd! = the third term in Ba. 96 7 3 [8a/2)* ~ (V2a/2) (¢-g—-a+q) 2 ]q—9—a+9) = Wand Qe Brcanse = 0/for all four charges, This leaves only ea Oe 29) (3) DDO EY OYo+EDCEDd Ree© 2, = / [307s —a.)(ry — d,) ~ ( —a)?6,] pdr (I'L drop the primes, for simplicity.) - J (ere 1764) pdr 24, [ rypdr— 2 [ ripe +28 [odessa [rears 5, [ pdr = Qu Bldapy + dsp.) + Bead, Q + 25,8 p— a,0. So if p=0 and Q=0 then J,,=Qy. aed (@) Eq, 3.99 with n= DAF. oe Define the “octopole moment” as ale") dr". n= / [Brirfrk — Velde + rhb + 116, Problem 3.83 In Ex. 3.8 we determined the electric field outside a spherical conduc tor (radius R) placed in a uniform external field Ko. Solve the problem now using the method of images, and check that your answer agrees with Eo. 376, [Hint: Use Ex. 3.2, but put another charge, —g, diametrically opposite q. Let a 00, with (1/4rr60)(2q/a°) = —Eo held constant]Problem 3.53 2 = VTP Wacesd, 22 = VFFE FIED, 25 = VTP orbeosb, 21 = VERS Prices. aaa) * cosé (here we want b oth tine) Expanding asin Bx 310 ( (a) But ¢ 1g, ficld in the vieinity of the sphere produced by £9) “By ci] ets Problem 3.85 (a) A long metal pipe of square cross-section (side a) is grounded on three sides, while the fourth (which is insulated from the rest) is maintained at constant potential Vp. Find the net charge per unit length on the side opposite to Vo [Hint: Use your answer to Prob. 3.15 or Prob. 3.54.) (b) A long metal pipe of circular cross-section (radius K) is divided (lengthwise) imto four equal sections, three of them grounded and the fourth maintained at constant potential Vj, Find the net charge per unit length on the section opposite 10 Vo. [Answer to both (a) and (b): = —(€0Vo/t)1n2 Problem 3.55 (a) Using Prob. 3.15b (with b ~ a): (ea) = 2 sabres en Aa esinhber)cyl (HE) Subnzs/adaanzy/e aly) ‘nsinh(nm) awry aes , & ates [om tut [sinorsu/ayen ove y= Vo/4; nag = (2Vp/8)sin(kn/4) -> an = (2¥s/nk RE) sin he /4) (ke #0); ence stacy aval e 2 Sesh (2) viet [f+ 2S EM (5) nt Using Bq. 249, and noting thst an this ease A av nken/t) Trlear RE a(0) = 60 sin(n/4)cen(ko) We want the net (Line) charge on the segment oppasite to Vg (—7 <6 < ~Br/4 and 32/4 < ¢< 2) [overnde = an [aioe SREY cnt [otto ~ SES amen [EY] AeaVia sink /A) sin( Bk /4) ‘thy sete te/ Sa) saa) — product “WWE ive t Bt “1 v2 vB aa 0 0 0 V2 v2 a 1 “1 WE vB o E 1 2 3 4 6 7 5 oO oseat 3x Loy Ouch! What veut wrong? The pref tat the seen SU) eget othe saben” 90 — 22 is suspect. One way to avoid this is to go back to V(s,¢), ealeulate ¢o(0V/ds) at # R, and save the limit = R until the end: ov Hala $ sel) BE (Gs) = 0 7 Scat aut (where 2 = 4/R +1 at the end), )-& Oe oot in) tate 1 Ge) -3(F3) sey [eae J) A= Baa Te Problem 3.58 Find th charge demity 0) onthe susface ofa sphsr (radius that proxices the stme eccrc fed for points exero tothe sphere as a charge g at the point a < Rom the: aus. [Ansnersxfz(R? —a2)(R + a? ~2Racosd)*"]Problem 3.58 Potential af 9: Vylr.0) = A326 )’ Pateost, rar Neil be tea oe (64 379) Yo.) = Pees (Arco) and ence (Eq, 3:81) A= (g/Aneg) 10 Ten Comparing tbe wo (Vy (Eq. 3.33) fp) We See that By [2351 nom «3: (9) nem 010) = qos eet+ 1) (4)! Fileone) = ‘Now (second line above, with r—> R) TET aa 1 (i) Mo Differentiating with respect t0 i == = 7) a \ Vat RP Baloo ‘Thus o@) ETF aR 4 [Palo ~ Reond) + (c2 + R?-2aReond)) [7G We) TR (a? + RF 2aReond ST | TeR PTR? DaRemd