XXX ACKNOWLEDGMENTS, Material taken and/or adapted from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) building code, other ACI Recommended Practices, and the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications appears frequently throughout the text. The courteous cooperation of the ACI and AASHTO is gratefully acknowledged. Many organizations graciously agreed to have materials or photographs reproduced in this second edition. They include: Arenas and Asociados Bouygues Carl Walker, Inc. Dywidag Systems International, Inc. Figg Engineering Freyssinet International Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Post-Tensioning Institute T.Y. Lin International VSL Corporation Their help is kindly acknowledged. I am particularly grateful to the University of Michigan for providing me an environment fostering excellence; | am grateful to my students who, by giving me the opportunity to teach, also gave me the opportunity to learn and develop. Antoine E, Naaman ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE FIRST EDITION Many people deserve my gratitude for their contribution to this volume and I would like to thank them for their help. I am particularly indebted to Daniel P. Jenny of the Prestressed Concrete Institute for his careful review of and constructive comments on the entire manuscript. Invaluable suggestions were also made by Professors E. J. Nawy, T. T. C. Hsu, M. K. Tadros, A. H. Mattock, and P. Balaguru, who all reviewed portions of the manuscript. Special thanks are due to my former student, K. Visalvanitch, who reviewed the arithmetic of the entire manuscript with devotion and competence; to many students who, with or without their knowledge, have assisted throughout the years in checking examples and problems; to George D. Nasser of the Prestressed Concrete Institute for his generous, unconditional help in suggesting and providing photographs and figures from PCI publications; to Professor S. P. Shah, who was among the few to encourage me to undertake this project; and, finally, to my wife, Ingrid, for her careful typing and editing of the initial manuscript and for her support during this demanding endeavor. Material taken and/or adapted from the American Concrete Institute (ACI) building code and other ACI Recommended Practices appears frequently throughout