Self Assessment (Case Based Questions (5marks) The particle can also have additional energy due to its motion and its interactions with other particles. 4. Read the passage given below and answer the Consider a neutron at rest and well separated from following questions : other particles. It decays into a proton, an electron Nuclear Energy ; A heavy nucleus breaks into and an undetected third particle as given here : ‘comparatively lighter nuclei which are more stable Neutron —» proton + electron +772 compared to the original heavy nucleus. When a The given table summarizes some data froma single heavy nucleus like uranium is bombarded by slow neutron decay. Electron volt is a unit of energy. moving neutrons, it splits into two parts releasing Column 2 shows the rest mass of the particle times tae pout of energy. The typical fission reaction the speed of light squared. ee Fi a tee Particle | Massxc? | Kinetic energy 9207 + on! 9 saBa"*! + aK? + yn! + 200 MeV (Mev) (MeV) The fission of 502% approximately released Neutron 940.97 0.00 200 MeV of energy. Proton 939.67 01 (i) 1F200 Mev energy released in the fission ofa Electron 051 039 single nucleus of °,5U, the fissions which are required to produce a power of 1 kW i {From the given table, which properties of the {a) 3.125x 10% (b) 152% 10° undetected third particle can be calculate? {3125x102 (@ 3.12510 (a) Total energy, but not kinetic energy (ii) The release in energy in nuclear fission is (b) Kinetic energy, but not total energy consistent with the fact that uranium has (©) Both total energy and kinetic energy (a) more mass per nucleon than either of the two (d) Neither total energy nor kinetic energy fragments (ii) Assuming the table contains no major errors, (b) more mass per nucleon as the two fragment what can we conclude about the (mass x ¢4) of the (C)_ exactly the same mass per nucleon as the two undetected third particle? fragments (a) Itis 0.79 Mev (d) less mass per nucleon than either of two (b) Itiso39 Mev fragments. (0) Its less than or equal to 0.79 MeV; but we (iii) When 90% undergoes fission, about 0.1% of cannot be more precise. the original mass is converted into energy. The (d) It is less than or equal to 0.40 MeV; but we energy released when 1 kg of J” undergoes cannot be more precise. fission is (iii) Could this reaction occur? (a) 9x10") (b) 9x 10%) Proton — neutron + other particles © 9x10) (d) 9x10!) (a) Yes, if the other particles have much more (iv) A nuclear fission is said to be critical when kinetic energy than mass energy. multiplication factor or K (b) Yes, but only if the proton has potential energy (a) K=1 (bt) K>1 () K<1 (d) K=0 (due to interactions with other particles). (v) Einstein's mass-energy conversion relation (c)_No, because a neutron is more massive than a E= me? isillustrated by proton. (a) nuclearfission —_(b). decay (d) No, because a proton is positively charged (©) rocket propulsion (d)_ steam engine while a neutron is electrically neutral. (iv) How much mass has to be converted into . pretibial alas Wie poriturew ies enery to produce electric power of 500 MW When subatomic particles undergo. reactions, wae energy is conserved, but mass is not necessarily (a) 2x 10°5kg (b) 1x 10°%kg conserved. However, a particle's mass “contributes” () 3x 10° kg (@ 4x 10%kg to its total energy, in accordance with Einstein's (v)_ The equivalent energy of 1 g of substance is famous equation, E = mc’. In this equation, E denotes (a) 9x108) (b) 6x10!) the energy carried by a particle because of its mass. () 3x10%) (@) 6x10") Scanned with CamScanner