© fiediic potential due to a point chiar © Electrical Uoules ()} 1 way: V=—1_4 1 gtance away: V = us : ' | finding V from E:V,~Vi= ~ Ear Surface charge density or Charge per unit Fotential energy of two point charges poe: Kee) ai in absence of external electric. ficid - | i Arto ha fotential energy of two point charges in presence of external electric field. a4 Vin) +4aVUra) + an Sreor | Maximum charge on a capacitor: : Q=Vvc | For capacitors connected in series, the charge | Qis equal for each capacitor as well as for | the total equivalent and the sum of potential | differences across the capacitors is equal to {the emf of the charging battery. For capacitors {connected in parallel, charges on different | capacitors are different and potential drop |) actoss each capacitor is same, Exclusive peace and No war; super power. xclusive peace: Electric field is perpendicular to the surface No war: No Work is done on moving a charge + on the surface Super Power: Same potenti the surface 7 everywhere on JECTIVESTY PE QUESTIONS 7 : im equatorial plane without acceleration. Very Short Answer Type work done in the process. Questions (i mark each) © AICBSE Dethi Outside Set-1 2016] Q.5. On moving a charge 20 C by 2 cm, 2 J work is done. What is the potential difference between the Q.1. Which physical quantity has SI unit NmC*? BD cust Dethi Set-t 2020 MODITE} the points ? On ‘Ans. Electric Potential. 0.2 A charged particle (+4) movesina uniform electric Short Answer Type will Questions-I (@marks each) field E in the direction opposite to E. What be the effect on its electrostatic potential energy during its motion ? © A\ICBSE Delhi Outs Q.1. Deduce an expression for the potential energy of ‘a system of two points charges 4, and g; located Set-1 2020] 7 and f respectively in an external at positions 3. point charge +Q is placed at point O as shown in fi ne it z SE [CSE SOP 2020-21] theigure. Is the potential difference Vx Vo! ail field E. A&E [CBSE SO! —— BA ICBSE Set!20101 = etetric potential atthe point having postion Yo. vector f vector A Potve [CBSE Marking Scheme, 20161 1 aly « Work dane in bringing gy from nity 7 PA huge y's nt A above a dipale Menistthe extemal fill Ct eto pou B below the dipele a (ate enof te carte "No sto aren prt and cr aos a 0 @ scanned with OKEN Scannerae Camaat ein 1 «Wok ot tt 9 Tt male He eaboenal ah 4S yy staan agate he tat wasted eg (ovo te the Mlebanie betieeetn gy abl gs tu Ah ata tao af Ae ep Werte be i Ay) Latattich the vetatton Betiveen etectete Moti and etectele patenttat at pat Worn the equipstentiat Heh just hy wvtaee Hae ane ebectie 8 4 alae tn ant te vesatin a neta vate along Fa © AKU Ens 1) Catoatate the amionnt at avirk dane Ante 4s evaten of Miter etianeer ENC TAC and a HC Whacedt on the vertices of an exqultatenal tangle wt a Oly (FD aystot shunting the vatation at etevtile Gel (8) oot (tate ptentat (VT wlth stone toa palate IHTARt Awe Tite fo psu ange te Pomel ore 8 tet “ Le ext pete V tint ve 8 vet ‘ vat wate eal hic pets " ; ! oy ” Tent he th roo oy Any Who) 13 yoda f . “a a point is at a distance point h r ; BBN Short Answer Typo S24 Quentions-I1 (3 markeeod O11 oe point charges yy andl yy ave hepa Aistance of ry, wale, Deduce the e9 jession! the elect tatle potential energy at these (6) Ian external electele Held (1) is Aystem, write the expressio this system, Ans. (a) | x Whe 4 Is placed potential atny = NMeental energy hen gs ts placet at ry Ua why, Me When o Sen potential at 9,2 Vy «2 Notentia ential energy Sheng, is placed at», @ scanned with OKEN ScannerwUz eay ky RF the systeny wt,fun uate 1 pyanenteeoa field 1 apps on the system {pant ate 160 619 Heated at at, gy Ata electri Hell (Ls) we dane in ring OM Ay ty, ay an \ vk done om os F0 EvtN HH ay py agaist the external fehl (P) Wy Uy Wek done OM Ay agaHNE the hed glue 4 492 0 WMO aatgyg 2 Mistance between andj) ‘the potential enemy of the system UsWyr Wy 4 Wy He sat, tM Q2 four point charges Q 4, Q and q are placed at the comers of a square of side ‘a’ as shown in the figure. Q 4 a 8 Find the (Resultant electric force on a charge Q, and (8) Potential energy of this system. AD [CSE DethiC ‘26 () Finding the resultant force on achargeQ 2 (G) Potential Energy of the system a 6) Letus find the force on the charge Qat the point C due to the other charge Q (at A). {side Dethi 2018] % Force due to the charge q (at B). fF = 1.92 along BC Atte @ Force due to the charge q (at D). = 3 @ C ” = Gh along 0c ao Hrettomane roretiat ann cavactiance a7 MosuHtant of those twas equal forces 15 Fy, 1 aa(va) ang nae along AC) Hs Net force on chan Q (at point C) wl ern ” his free be cirected along, AC point A, the force will will be Ihave the nanve magnituste bn A [Note: Dos deduct marks if the student does not direction af the net force , F] lal energy of the system “al + 1 a ICUSE Marking Scheme, 2016] Q.3. () Three point charges 4, 4q and 24 are placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle AUC of side ‘Tay shown in the figure. Obtain the expression for the magnitude of the resultant electric force acting on the charge q. a 4 eicepeeceeeaet {ii Find out the amount of the work done to separate he charges at infinite distance. the cnarRee 2 DelhDethi Outside CHSE 2018) ‘Ans. (i) Finding the magnitude of the resultant force 2 fon charge : (ui) Finding the work done @ scanned with OKEN Scanneree F CRSE Question Rank Chapterwise & Topiewive, PHYBICB, Clans Xi t 28 Oswn ~ {i) Force on change g due to the ch ay % Potential due to charg aun, , Force on the change q. due to the change 27 {i) Potential due to charge at B, “4 a 3°} ats ca Ye" Gece ; ind Fyare inclined to each other at an The forces angle of 120° Hence, resultant electric force on charg ch 4 Te igre 2hcosd 4 © iP AF + 2h cost3” Potential at point P Vy + Va . Net Potential at P- g a1 (+a) (r-a) [Note: Also accept any other aernative com method} 1 ICBSE Marking Scheme, 2017 Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each) (©) > Q.1. (a) Three charges -q, Q and -g are placed at eq distances on a straight line. Ifthe potential ene™® of the system of these charges is zero, then what the ratio Q: 4? (b) (i) Obtain the expression for the electric fie! intensity due to a uniformly charged spheric shell of radius R at a point distant r from the Micha anti om (ii) Draw a graph showing the v: mn of electri {CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018 field intensity with forr > Rand Re Q.4. (i) Derive the expression for the electric potential Icbse Sal due to an electric dipole at a point on its axial 4" (@) Diagram : ee KEMO |, kO-9) (- en Rretecvvmniatardetnneae TE TACRM 20 dipole. AICHSE Delhi Set-tt 2017] 2 2 An. (hast sapresin rte syne SRE +o doriwan cc ptesapatoniea We ae ap 290 A) Depiction of equipotentia su nd cea Staeenal surlaes due 10 an 3 a-4Qor On} ICDSE Marking Scheme, 2125] @ scanned with OKEN ScannerWO, LO(-9) , Kata) Y =0 242, o0r yfectric field due to a uniformly charged thi spherical shell, wmly charged thin ee Ge spherical shen (When point P lies outside the spherical shell Suppose that we have calculate field at the point Pata distance r(r > R) from its centre. Draw Gaussian surface through point P so as to enclose the charged spherical shell. Gaussian surface is a spherical surface of radius r and centre O. Ut E be the electric field at point P then the electric ux through area element of area ds is given by ‘a conductor, Dielectrics, electri capacitors, Capa Revision Notes < Materials through which charge can Pht Examples: Metals, semi-metals a carbon, * eae antimony and arsenic yg 2 Materials in which the eh "ot flow easily. Examples: Plastics and plass Reve jectrical current ost in which induced dipole moment * linearly * hg,,"Wonal to the applied electric field 7 ol dep tacrenent or electrical fx erety, P= CA fe Hlactrical relative permittivity: Co = Electrical ™ tre elect Geld Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside ic polarization, capacitor and capacitance, combination of ratte! plate capacitor, energy stored in cap + Total electric flux through the Gaussian surface is given by = fids=Efds Now, Gas = ne oe Exare 0 Since, the charge enclosed by the Gaussian surface Is 4, according to the Gauss’s theorem, i o= & (ii) 4% From equation (i) and (ii) we obtain Endre 1 Ee on, 7 * (iy nm) 1 Graph showing the variation of electric field asa function of ris shown Electric polarization > Electrie polarisation I is the difference between electric fields D (induced) and E (imposed) in dicertrc dye to bound and free charges written as P= fF Interm of electric susceptibility: P = fe InMKS. P= (el > The dielectric constant than 1as%e>0 ~ Key Word i tis the separanon of | centre of k= 14 Zand is always greater id the centr of negative | ve charge a [apntes ne wepwration ean be cased | @ scanned with OKEN Scanner ELE F ‘ECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE 29 | ee 7 Hl do = Eds Since, ds is also along normal to the surface do = EdseG very Short Answer Type 4 Questions Qmark each) que capacitors of capacitance © are connected jawccies It one of them is filled with dielectric sobstanoe X what is the ettective capacitance ? 4 te Ne dave TOW Hew caPAtEHLOS Of capMcitances C and. t ‘ aC snes it series, 1 + 8 oe) ow Se Cees Qo Ean the dielectric constant of an insulator be infidte Ou JU Wat is the ettevtive capacitance between poiits Nant? A Cyeouk ——_ [Cpe onF Ce 0a Ce HF Sompering the with the tulanont SNe tee ‘he potential at Band C willl Steal and heney 20 WF capacitor ts not taken inte SSsderation . Reegesatent capacitance is equal to 3 HE + SHE R Commonly Made Error _ Reese are unas todraw the equivalent | £80 Svat d Tnergy stored in capacitor: 1 cv = dov = (5 Answering Tip © The concept of Wheatstone bridge should be carefully applied in this case, Q.4. What amount of charge can be stored in a 1 Farad capacitor? ou Q.5. Sketch the graph to show how a charge Q acquired by a capacitor of capacitance C varies with the increase in potential difference. Agu Ans. As the charge Q is directly. proportional to the potential difference, the graph between Q and V will be a straight line passing through origin havingslope 2c 1 @ { = oN Short Answer Type ual Questions-I (@ marks each) Q.1. You are given three capacitors of 2 WE 3 F and 4b respectively. {a) Form a combination of all these capacitors of 1B equivalent capacitance “uF, (b) What is the maximum and minimum value of the equivalent capacitance that can be obtained by connecting these capacitors 7 A [CBSE Delhi Outside Set-I11 2020] ‘Ans. (a) 2uP andl 4uF capacitors are to be connected in. series. So, the etfective capacitor will be With C.q, the 3uF capacitor is to be connected in parallel So, the equivalent capacitor will be ON ere pee a ae wants oer a cal fe aT @ scanned with OKEN Scannerseal C1 Minimum value connecting, the ap equ I charge stored in the network of capacitors connected between A and B as shown in figure: @ |A [CBSE Dethi Outside Set-1 2020] A a te av Q.3.A capacitor of unknown capacitance is connected across a battery of V volt. A charge of 360 uC is stored in it. When the potential across. the capacitor is reduced by 120 ¥, the charge stored in the capacitor becomes 120 uC. Calculate V and the unknown capacitance. What would have been the charge on the capacitor if the voltage were Increased by 120 VU [Dethi (Compt) 120171 ‘Ans. Calculation of Vand unknown capacitance 2 Calculation of charge when voltage is increased, by 120 , Capacitance, =o - c % pee C= Bang c- ‘2 c yy % ONC = 1200 as) % Se, 3V~360V = V=isoy % co Mav Thay "PF st: Question Blank Chapterwise 6 Toplewis PHYSICS, Clase XI 1.4, Two parallel plate capacitors x ang et ine area of plates and same separa them. X has air between the page! by contains a dielectric medium of ., ‘ 4-4 | Calculate capacitance of each capacitos capacitance of the combination is 4 uF een (ii) Calculate the potential difference betwee plates of X and Y. (iii) Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy ston, Xand Y. A [CBSE Dethi Seti ‘Ans. (i) Calculation of capacitance of each capac (ii) Catculation of potential difference - (iii) Estimation of ratio of electrostatic energy ( Let, Cy = 4C (as it has a dielectric medium of ¢, 4 For series combination of two capacitors > Hence, (8) Touatcharge, “32a! AMP x15 V = eOuC We QOH yt C. Sar Vee Q _ Onc OC, ope 7 e (iy @ scanned with OKEN Scanners1aph shows variation of charge y vena rant c, septation but than thatof Cy Wh Which ind why ? 7 ne Neatial difference V for two capacitors ¢ Mp he capacitors have same plate yg area of Cf Rea corresponds to C (ace) mj Short Answer Type \4 Questions-II (3 marks each) Q1 4.200 HF parallel plate capacitor having plate xeparation of S mm is charged by a 100 V de source, It remains connected to the source. Using an insulated handle, the distance between the plates is doubled and a dielectric slab of thickness S mm and dielectric constant 10 is introduced hetween the plates. Explain with reason, how the {icapacitance, (i) electric field between the plates, (ii) energy density of the capacitor will change ? [Dethi Outside Set 2019) A ex Given: Capacitance of the capacitor, C= 200 th Trtential of de source, V = 100V Let 'A' be the area of the plate and Wf be the xparation between the plate The capacitance of the capacitor is given os ELECTR ‘OSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE, 33. wel wsanut (wey) soy Verges new capstan the AW) Sine, there soe wall a ro change in the potential diler we, Hence, there would not by any chang: ct ttt Hite e182 Vin (ii) The Energy will deren Vos te oo ae Since the capacitance decreases slensity will abso locrease [CUSE Marking Scheme, 2019] [V tsconstant] the energy Q. 2. i) Find equivatent capacitance between A and Bin the combination given below. Each capacitor is of 2 NF capacitance. fii tits {) 16a DC source of 7 V is connected across AB, how ‘much charge is ran (rom the source an what is ce fs the energy stored in the network ? Cd “ AICUSE Detbi Set 1 007] % ee i e307 Fn menor emai connects iQ 3.942, ean some $Y ten the de source, then there will be no change 1" Mow much electrostatic energy Is stored in the Potential difference. capacitor? Hanother capacitor ot opt isconested 6 Nove acorng the problem see tn th te sme battery conteted Scpaation beeen he plates = 2 sett combination fhe charge stored an Tetnesftletiesab = 5 aio iferene soc ei Ss ofatieecine eee 50» Wm {A |CUSE Dethi SetHE 7] pice constant = 10 ane: Calculation of etetrstatic etegy mT pF New capacitance of the capacitor ee ’ aatehange stored in combination Tenia alitference ars es capi 4 Tenge stored i the capsaitor of etn ph \ ur [ ec) Mn muna teeta een @ scanned with OKEN Scannerlestion wise & Topicwise, PHYSICS, Class-Xil pank Chapterwise & Toplewiee, sion Bank Cha Ovwaal CBSE Qu “Ww, w of 12 pFand 6 ph in = 6 10" 50 C= Fquivalent capsotance of 12 pF am rep iieees cu series, fs given by J 12pF cor —— Sas * 12pF Charge sores aces each apa "lexi xs0C =2x10%C 2 pF as well as 6 : Charge on each capacitor 12 pF as we Torcntal difference across capacitor, M4 {lel combination: spent G, = (12 + 12) pF C,=ux 10" F u, = F210" 525005 U, =3 x 10%) 4H GV gy = 24 x 10 x 50C % 4 = 12 10°C ICBSE Marking Scheme, 01, Long Answer Type Questions (S marks eack [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2017] Q.4 Two identical capacitors of 12 pF each are connected in series across a battery of 50 V. How much electrostatic energy is stored in the =e (2) Draw equipotential surfaces for (i) an elec: combination? Ii these were connected in parallel dipole and (i) two identical positive chs across the same battery, how much energy will be placed near each other stored in the combination now? (©) In a parallel plate capacitor with air betwe Also, find the drawn 1 batte " find the charge drawn from the battery in the plates, each plate has an area of 6 x 10°t each case. A [CBSE Dethi Set-ttt 2017] and the separation between the plates is 3a ‘Ana. Equivalent capacitance in series % (Calculate the capacitance of the capacié Energy in series combination % (ii) If the capacitor is connected to 100' ‘Charge in series combination % Supply, what would be the charge one Equivalent capactance in parallel combination 14 vay Pate? Energy in parallel combination % (i) How would charge on the plate Charge in parallel combination % affected if a3 mm thick mica sheet of? pen eo 6 7 inserted between the plates while voltage supply remains connected ? ptr—++—; ICBSE Sgr?! % 26% 0p Joys u,= doy 1 Ue Sx 610 x sou. ‘ deesau lees A= gy tech fee % (0) Capacitance, ¢ e423 mm = 3 x 109m Cx Ag BAS x10 B gO = 177 x 1gtag ©” 10/3 x 10%) : @ scanned with OKEN Scannerfo Charge, Ovcy 17771010, 177 «10% 1 sayNew charge or 177710 #1.062 » 10 C 1 ICBSE Marking, Scheme, 2023) $24 apacitor of capacitance C, is charged to a tential V, while another capacitor of capacitance Gis charged to a potential difference V,- The Gpacitors are now disconnected from their epective charging, batteries and connected in patallel to each other. lufind the total energy stored in the two capacitors tefore they are connected. “find the total energy stored in the parallel ‘combination of the two capacitors. : “Lplain the reason for the difference of energy in Panel combination in comparison to the total ip Mtty before they are connected. “.ViComptt. Dethi‘Delhi Outside Set, H, 11 215] Sct) Fnding the total energy before the capacitors fy Connected 1 'eig the total energy in the parallel combination Ps esion for difference 1 ie have In “SEY stored in a capacitor = jev? "nergy stored in the charged capacitors. 1 ye © =p gy 7 tye tee BLECTROSTATIC POTENTIAL AND CAPACITANCE (il) Let V be the potential difference across the parallel combination. Equivalent capacitance = (C, + C3) % Since, charge is a conserved quantity, we have (C, + QV = GV, + V3 % 7 [OM G¥] : lGray | ‘Total energy stored in the parallel combination 1 = 5(C,+ Cv? y 2 2) ” = HOM +O? 2 G+) 7 (iii) The total energy of the parallel combination is different (less) from the total energy before the capacitors are connected. This is because some ‘energy gets used up due to the movement of charges. [CBSE Marking Scheme, 2018] 1 (i) Define the capacitance of a capacitor. Obtain the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor in vacuum in terms of plate area A and separation d between the plates. (iiy A slab of material of diclectric constant « has the same area as the plates of 2 parallel plate a capacitor but has a thickness 34 Find the ratio ppacitance with dielectric inside it to its thout the dielectric. OV Kforeign LM, 1012017) of the 2} capacitance ® scanned with OKEN Scannerer ene aerate ee reee reeset ae cca aaa ae Mae eee iasnee i skeet! factor drops, the system the phase and neutral near the inductive load such nes less efficie as motor. dr being small, the electric field E may be short Answer Type Questions ' #) 9 Totental energy increases. assumed uniform along AB. By definition, the | {Nowork is done, force acting on a unit positive charge at A is | WeqVan=9X0=0 equal to E. : The work done to move a unit positive + A charge from A to B against the electric field is + dW = — Edr. ‘ The negative sign indicates that the work is done against the direction of the field. Again the work done = potential difference dV’ between A and B — Edr oo E =-dVidr Magnitude of electric field increasing at constant rate along -Z direction means it is decreasing 1 t 1 ' as : along +2 direction 0. along +2 direction, the tm5, Penta difference = — = = =01M 1 ecient Te een nea Sort Answer Type Questions-1 dye dy 4a. Derivation of relation E = = Diagram of equipotential surfaces. ded; Detailed Answer: A.and B are two points separated by a small distance dr in an electric field E. ~ ® scanned with OKEN ScannerConmnal Clash Question tank Chay pe 10h ven men 3 Gn 2 ac Fe Wem = OL a9) we tem Fngiyey tam Chaney Very Short Answer Type Questions ‘Ane. 2. Ne lamb Short Answer Type Questions:1 AAus.2. uP and 3 are co hci equivalent eapacltance is 2p 4F ond 2 wh are connected in series. Hence 4 Anain.2uP and | uF capacitors are connected 'm parallel. So, the equivalent capacitance 10 pl aa one np si Onc 0 as Given Co Fe 10 and Va3y 0 ye 7 Ca eee sane Ams. 8. orc, Line 1 fins sore 1 oline Ms kas han age Short Answer Type Questions. , ‘Ans. 2 (I) Caleulation o equivalent capacitan (1) Calculation ni of charge and energy i stored { Capacitors, C, and C, are tn poratey 17 : Cue Gere Cou GuP Bey Capacitors, Cay and G ae in vetieg nerwise te Topiewise Solutions for Practice Questions (Topic-2) xu parystcs, Cla We Want Woe + Wy, 1 | lade + a Ant ys FWA + 6 aT Wax Wx Oly ay, (+A) + 92, i) Charge drawn from the source (ii), Charg Dey o. = 5X7 UC = 6c Energy stored, Long Answer Type Questions ‘Ans.3. (i) Definition of capacitance ! Obtaining capacitance (ii) Ratio of capacitances ( Capacitance equals the magnitude of & charge on cach plate needed to rae potential difference between the plates ~ unity. 1 (3) Capacitance without dielectric, c= Ato d Capacitance when filled with die having thickness 4 @ scanned with OKEN Scanner