J. Ent, (B) 43 (2); pp. 129-138, 12 figs. 1974 The pteromalid subfamily Eutrichosomatinae (Hymenoptera : Chalcidoidea) Z. BOUCEK Commontcealth Institute of Entomology, London ABSTRACT ‘The Eutrichosomatinae are reclassified as a subfamily of the Pteromalidae and keys are given to the three genera and five species now included, Descriptions are given of Eutrichosoma Ashmead with two species, mirabile Ashmead [= albipes Crawford syn, n.] and flabellatum sp. n., in North and South America; Peckianus gen. n. with type-species Perilampus laevis Provancher in North and South America; and Collessina gen. n, with type-species C.pachyneura sp. n. in Australia. This paper was initiated by Dr Oswald Peck (then Biosystematics Research Institute = BRI, Ottawa), when he studied the North American Eutrichosoma and recognised that Perilampus laevis Provancher also belonged to this peculiar group. At about the same time I knew of specimens in a presumably new genus from South America and we thought of a publication under joint authorship. However, the work was delayed, then Dr Peck retired and after the new information accumulated, I visited him in September 1973 and he then suggested that I should go ahead with the study alone. ‘The genus recognised by him. as new is named here in his honour (Peckianus). Eutrichosomatidae, as a family name, was applied first in a manuscript key to the families of Chalcidoidea written previous to 1945 by P.H. Timberlake and subsequently by A.B.Gahan in his arrangement of the Chaleidoid collections of the U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C. (= USNM). This arrangement was used as the pattern for the relevant part of the catalogue of the Nearctic Hymenoptera (Peck, 1951 : 474) and, again on the family level, by Burks (1958 : 69) and by Peck (1963 : 331). When preparing this paper I discussed its status with both Dr Peck and Dr B.D.Burks (USNM) and we agree that it should be regarded as a subfamily of Pteromalidae. Within the large complex of the pteromaloid chalcid flies Eutrichosomatinae seem to represent a remnant of one of the plesiomorph branches, parallel or analogous to some of the groups classified at present as Perilampidae, Eupelmidae, Cleonyminae (the last sometimes regarded as family Cleonymidae), some Miscogasterinae (including Brachy- scelidiphagini) and, possibly, some genera of Pteromalinae. In all these groups the most ancient forms seem to parasitise xylophagous beetles or the weevils. Morphologically they share the following characters. Head orthognathous. Antennae 13-segmented, usually with one anellus (sometimes not differentiated) and seven funicular segments. Prepectus small laterally but ventrally forming a narrow belt connecting one side with the other, closely attached to the meso- thorax. Hind tibia with two apical spurs. 129130 Z.Boucek Subfamily Eutrichosomatinae stat. n. Body without coarse sculpture. Pubescence uniform, hairs sometimes broadened (scale like) but not transformed into bristles or setae (except on cerci which bear primary setae). Proper occipital carina absent but a short secondary carina just behind ocelli usually indicated, Antennal scrobes weak, toruli close to each other; no interantennal ridge. Tentorial pits indistinct; supraclypeal area convex, laterally delimited by depressions; clypeus symmetrical. First flagellar segment reduced to short anellus, in the males almost fused with the following segment; sometims also second flagellar segment anelliform. Maxillary palpi with four, labial palpi with three segments. Mesoscutum with shallow notaular furrows, sometimes partly obliterated, but always intercepting axillae at their anterior subangulate extremities; axillae mainly subhorizontal, situated almost entirely in front of the base of scutellum, clearly or vaguely (Collessina) separated from the mesoscutum which in the middle is narrowly produced caudad between axillae to meet the scutellum. Scutellum separated from both mesoscutum and axillae by deep arched cross-groove; frenum not delimited dorsally; apex of scutellum slightly jutting out over the short subvertical metanotum. Propodeum short, declivous; median carina present. Mesopleurum of the pteromaloid type, with flat or slightly depressed lateral episternum, reticulate lower epimerum and less sculptured upper epimerum. Legs not very slender, femora slightly thickened; spur of fore tibia strong, cleft at apex, spur of mid tibia long but slender. Fore wing with rather varying venation, but always with broad costal cell and multisetose submarginal vein, postmarginal vein short or not developed; wing pubescence never very dense, basal part of blade mainly bare. Gaster short, sessile or subsessile; first tergite broad and usually large. Epipygium short, in dry female speci- mens its apex tending to turn up, setting free the slightly exserted ovipositor sheaths; cerci short. ‘The males differ, apart from gaster, in having slightly broader antennae, with funicular segments more or less pedicellate and sometimes flabellate. ‘The hosts (known in one species only) are weevils (Curculionidae). Key to the genera of Eutrichosomatinae 1 Pronotum strongly reduced, almost invisible dorsally; mesoscutum large, not clearly subdivided as the notaular grooves and sutures between mesoscutum and axillae are obliterated; only scutellum well separated by a deep arched groove (fig. 11); marginal vein thickened (fig. 12) (Australia) Collessina gen. n. — Pronotum with distinct collar (figs. 2, 9), anteriorly carinate, with distinct shoulders; mesoscutum subdivided by linear notaular grooves and conspicu~ ous axillo-mesoscutal grooves; marginal vein not thickened (Americas) 2 2 Marginal vein about four times as long as the stigmal vein (fig. 9); antenna with two anelli and six funicular segments; gaster virtually covered by two large basal tergites se Peckianus gen. n. = Marginal vein at most slightly longer than the stigmal vein (figs. 1, 4, 5); antenna with 7 funicular segments and one anellus (this sometimes indistinct, figs. 3, 8); second tergite of gaster subequal in size to the following tergite Eutrichosoma AshmeadThe Eutrichosomatinae 131 Eutrichosoma Ashmead Eutrichosoma Ashmead, 1899 : 204. Type-species (by subsequent designation), Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead. ‘The genus was erected first without any species, in a key to the genera of Cleonymidae (Ashmead, 1899). Only five years later Ashmead (1904 : 291) included and designated as type-species E.mirabile Ashmead, without any further description, placing the genus this time in “Eupelminae, Tanaostigmatini” Redescription of genus Body with slight metallic tinge and beset with numerous white, curved, sometimes broadened and then scale-like, semi-erect hairs. Sculpture on head and thorax consisting of fine engraved reticulation (resembling granulation—see sample on scutellum in fig. 2) or of cross-striation. Head slightly broader than mesoscutum. Occipital ridge situated just behind ocelli; temples rounded off; ocelli in a very broad triangle, POL slightly greater than OOL. Eye long-elliptic, virtually bare. Scrobes very shallow, indicated by converging streaks of finer sculpture. Gena rounded off posteriorly; malar groove con- spicuous, deepened and broadened towards mouth; mouth corner emarginate, mouth margin on either side of clypeus produced; clypeal margin broadly emarginate in the middle; labrum usually partly exposed, its margin serrate, with bristles (fig. 7); mandibles strong, lower edge fairly sinuate, left mandible with three, the right with four teeth, gradually receding from the longest lower tooth. Antennae inserted below middle of face, just above lower ocular line. Antennal formula 11173; scapus slender; pedicellus oblong or subglobular; anellus very short in the female, in the male extremely thin and closely applied to the first funicular segment (figs. 3, 8); funicular segments short, in the male pedicellate, simple or flabellate and sensilla Jinearia not conspicuous; in the female sensilla linearia in one row on each segment. Pronotal collar distinct, carinately margined anteriorly; shoulders protruding (fig. 2) but not sharp-angular; lateral panel not well separated from the anterior vertical part of pronotum. Mesoscutum with linear and shallow notaular grooves, less conspicuous than the curved groove delimiting axilla. Axillar margin of scutellum about twice as long as border with the mid lobe of mesoscutum; free margins of scutellum carinate. Surface of propodeum striate to longitudinally reticulate; median carina conspicuous, at least anteriorly; plicae absent; hind margin of propodeum slightly produced at the petiolar foramen but no actual nucha present. Sides of thorax except for middle part of mesepi- sternum bearing squamose hairs, also hind coxa with similar hair. Hind coxa pilose dorso- basally; basitarsi of all legs relatively long. Fore wing with submarginal vein at apex slightly broadened (parastigma); marginal vein relatively short but not thickened; post- marginal vein rudimental or missing; stigmal vein with small knob but without distinct uncus; marginal fringe missing on fore wing, but developed on hind wing. Gaster short, sessile (petiole normally hidden), dorsally rather flat. First tergite large, broad, its hind margin entire, arcuate. Following tergites subequal in length, decreasing in breadth; epipygium short, cerci situated at hind margin which is rather broadly emarginate. Hypopygium reaching about middle of gaster. Key to species of Eutrichosoma 1 Body clothed with very conspicuous, usually broadened semi-erect hairs132 Z.Boutek (figs. 6, 7); fore wing with stigmal vein of peculiar angulate form (figs. 4, 5); antennal segments in male simple (fig. 8); size 1-5-2-3 mm, (Canada to BrABil) wooowwenon ue — mirabile Ashmead — Hairs simple, thin (fig. 2); stigmal vein almost straight (fig. 1); male antenna flabellate (fig. 3); size 2-9-3'1 mm. (Brazil)... ‘aflabellatum sp. n. Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead, 1904 : 291, 2 3. Lectotype 9, U.S.A., Montana: Helena (USNM, Washington). Eutrichosoma albipes Crawford, 1908 : 158-9, 2g. Holotype 9, U.S.A., Texas: Dallas (USNM, Washington), syn. n. The data on the origin of the type material of E.mirabile, omitted by Ashmead, were supplied by Gahan & Peck (1946 : 315). Further information on the distribution was added by Burks (1958 : 69) and all the previous literature is listed by Peck (1963 : 331). ‘Metallic gloss on head and thorax usually conspicuous, often green, sometimes bluish or blue. Gastral dorsum may be blue to violet, sometimes green or even with black cross- bands, rarely wholly black. Body hairs generally less broadened in males and in some darker coloured females. Legs concolorous with body, but tarsi partly testaceous to whitish. Apical segment usually dark and also second segment infuscate (especially the hind tarsus), Infuscation may almost disappear, or spread to distal part of basitarsus and even further, leaving base of first segment and segments three and four slightly paler. The dark tarsus appears to be also slightly wider than pale tarsus. The dark-tarsus form has been regarded as a different species (mirabile) from the pale-tarsus one (albipes). Although in general the north-westerly specimens seem to have darker tarsi, the variation exhibits no gap and usually the males from the same locality (e.g. Scandia in Alberta, Gibsonia in Pennsylvania) have much paler tarsi than the females. ‘Therefore I regard E.albipes as a synonym of E.mirabile. From discussions with Dr B.D. Burks (USNM) I know that he, independently, came to the same conclusion. Another aspect of variation concerns the flagellar segments in the male antenna. They are usually clearly pedunculate (fig. 8) but after death in some specimens the segments apparently telescope together and the antenna may appear quite compact, as in the female, but broader and shorter, without a distinct anellus. Biology. Parasite of Aleutes tenuipes (Leconte) and of Smicronyx tychoides (Leconte) (Col. : Curculionidae) in Texas (Crawford, 1908). One specimen from Idaho is labelled “$.pestifer”, which may be another host record, but I cannot find out what it is. In Texas E.E.Grissell collected numerous female specimens on Parthenium hysterophorus L. Distribution, Canada (Alberta, Saskatchewan, Ontario), U.S.A. (Montana, Idaho, New Mexico, Kansas, Oklahoma, ‘Texas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, District of Colombia, Maryland, Georgia), Mexico (San Luis Potosi, Hidalgo) and Brazil (Minas Gerais). Material examined (apart from the types of mirabile and albipes). CaNava (vi-viii): Alberta: Scandia, Elkwater, Lethbridge, Drumbeller, Edmonton; Saskatchewan: Lumsden, Saskatchewan Landing; Ontario: Turkey Point. U.S.A. (vi-ix): Montana: Boone County, Winnett; Idaho: Kimama; New Mexico: nr Madrid; Texas: Dallas, Victoria, nr Mathis in Corpus Christi State Park, Hondo in Medina County, nr S. Austin in Travis County; Massachusetts: Holliston; Pennsylvania: Gibsonia inThe Eutrichosomatinae 133 Alleghany County; Maryland: Glen Echo, Patuxent Res. Refuge. Mexico: San Lufs Potosi: nr Ciudad del Maiz, 1500 m,, 1 9, 1 g, 22.-viii.19543 Hidalgo: Pachuca, 550 m., 1 3, 29. vii.1954 (both 7.G.Chillcott; BRI, Ottawa), BraziL: Minas Gerais: Pedro Azul, 1 9, xi.1972 (Alvarenga; BRI, Ottawa), Altogether over 50 2 and 9 3, deposited mainly in USNM, Washington, MCZ, Cambridge, BRI, Ottawa, and BMNH. Figs. 1-8. (1-3) Futrichosoma flabellatum sp. n.: (1) fore wing venation; (2) thoracic dorsum (with two samples of sculpture) ; (3) male antenna, outer aspect. (4-8) Eutrichosoma ‘mirabile Ashmead: (4, 3) fore wing venation in two specimens; (6) scutellum (with scale-like hairs) and axillae; (7) mouth region (with labrum but without labio-maxillary complex); (8) male antenna, outer aspect.134 Z.Boutek Eutrichosoma flabellatum sp. n. Male Length 2-9-3:1 mm. Head and thorax bronzy black, face and sides of body bluish or greenish black, gaster blue-violet with a black sub-basal band and black margins on tergites; tarsi and narrow knees testaceous; mandibles rufous. Wings whitish, Hairs on head and thorax whitish, curved, fairly conspicuous but not broadened (fig. 2). Occipital carina sharp but not extending beyond lateral ocelli. POL about 1-3 times OOL, the latter space cross-striate. Frons and lower face, except for sparse pili- ferous punctures, smooth. Relative measurements: width of head 72, length (dorsally) 26, height 58, frontovertex 46-5, eye 33 : 20, malar space 13, mouth 4o, distance between antennal toruli and lower margin of clypeus 21, scapus 27. For antenna see figure 3. Thorax dorsally (fig. 2) rather flat. Pronotum o:8 the width of mesoscutum, its shoulders slightly obtuse-angular, rounded. Mesoscutum and axillae generally cross- striate. Scutellum finely granulate, about 1-1 times as broad as long, its apex obtuse- angular; axillulae smooth, bare, but the vertical receding posterior sides of scutellum (actual frenum) rather densely pubescent. Propodeum with median carina sharp, posteri- orly forked. Prepectus with deep fovea delimited anteriorly by laminate carina, Pilose streak anteriorly on mesoplurum narrow, depressed area extremely finely granulate- reticulate. Spur of mid tibia about twice as long as breadth of tibia; hind tibia slightly flattened. Fore wing exceeding apex of gaster, about 2-1 times as long as broad, with posterior margin subangulate; costal cell broadest in basal quarter; for venation see figure 1. Hind wing about 2-5 times as long as broad. Gaster sessile, fiat, broadly oval, slightly broader than thorax with side margins sharp. First tergite in middle fully as long as three following tergites combined. Female Unknown. Biology. Unknown Holotype 3, Brazit: Distrito Federal, Estag3o Forestal Cabega do Veado, 1100 m., x.1971, Malaise trap (E.G., I. & E.A.Munroe), in Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Paratypes, 2 3 same date as holotype, in BRI, Ottawa and BMNH. I wish to thank Dr L.Masner and Dr C.M. Yoshimoto (BRI) for making this material available for my study. Peckianus gen. n. Type species, Perilampus laevis Provancher. Body black, non-metallic, with sparse and not very conspicuous pilosity (fig. 9). Sculpture on head and thorax consisting mainly of fine raised striation merging in places with slightly raised fine reticulation. Head as in Eutrichosoma but different in the following. Occipital edge blunt; lower margin of clypeus with two rounded teeth separated by rounded incision accompanied by depression; malar space broadly hollowed towards mouth corner, the hollow delimited anteriorly by a fine carina extending to a tooth on the mouth margin outside of clypeus. Labrum not visible. Antennal formula 11263; both anelli short, funicular segments transverse.The Eutrichosomatinae 135 Thorax similar to that of Eutrichosoma. Pronotal collar with sharp-angular tooth-like shoulders. Mid lobe of mesoscutum medio-posteriorly (where meeting scutellum) very narrow. Scutellum slightly convex, with marginal carina confined to frenal part, not reaching axilla. Propodeum reticulate, with fine median carina reaching the slightly raised but flat nuchal area; plicae absent. Mesopleurum virtually bare, with several hairs only anteriorly at a blunt carina separating the lateral and the ventro-anterior parts. Hind coxa dorsally bare; basitarsi of mid and hind legs rather long. Fore wing with slender marginal vein fully as long as half the costal cell, more than 4 times as long as the stigmal, latter slender, hook-like, barely longer than the postmarginal vein. Pilosity of wing in distal half more conspicuous than in Eutrichosoma, marginal fringe present though short. Gaster in female short, smooth; petiole transverse, dorsally with granulate sub- trapezoidal shield the raised sides of which converge forwards. First tergite large, sub- pentagonal, covering more than half of gaster, its hind margin incised in middle. Second tergite with sides converging caudad, hind margin straight; covering most of following tergites, except usually the tip of sheaths. Male not known. ‘The genus is named in honour of Dr Oswald Peck, especially in recognition of his help in this study. Peckianus laevis (Provancher) comb. n. Perilampus laevis Provancher, 1887 : 199, 9. Lectotype 9, Canapa: Ottawa. Elatus laevis (Provancher) Burks, 1964 : 1260. Dr Peck and I examined the lectotype of laevis studied earlier by Burks. It bears no locality label, but Provancher stated its origin as Ottawa, Ontario, According to Dr J.R. Barron (BRI), who studied in detail everything concerning the Provancher specimens, there is nothing which would put the origin of the type in doubt. No further specimens of laevis being known from North America, Burks suggested (1964 : 1260; 1967 : 248) that the species might be exotic. The distribution up to Ontario certainly needs confirmation, butit is now regarded as possible, especially in the light of a probably similar distribution of Eutrichosoma mirabile Ashmead. I compared the Brazilian specimens with the lectotype and found them conspecific. Biology. Unknown. Distribution, Canada (Ontario), Panama-Canal Zone, Brazil (Santa Catarina). Material examined (apart from the lectotype). PANAMA-CaNat ZONE: Summit, 1 9, 46 (N.L.H.Krauss), in USNM. Brazit: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia, 2 9, 1937 and 24..iii.1938 (F.Plaumann), in BMNH. Collessina gen. n. "Type-species, Collessina pachyneura sp. n. Body weakly metallic, without conspicuous pubescence, head and thorax microscopically reticulate. Head broader than thorax, in dorsal view strongly transverse, in facial view transversely oval-subtrapezoidal. Narrow occipital carina fading out just beyond ocelli; temples terete, short; ocelli in curved line, POL distinctly greater than OOL. Eye oval, bare. Scrobes very shallow. Gena convex, posteriorly rounded; malar groove indistinct Clypeus depressed, subtrapezoidal, smooth, its lower margin with two small teeth separated by incision and narrow depression. Mouth margin outside clypeus straight,136 Figs. 9-12. (9) Peckianus (gen. n.) laevis (Provancher), body of female. (10-12) Collessina pachyneura gen. and sp. n., female: (10) head with antenna in slightly oblique antero- ventral view; (11) dorsal view showing sample of reticulation on mesoscutum; (11) fore wing venation,The Eutrichosomatinae 137 corners not emarginate; mandibles rather small, lower edge weakly sinuate, lower tooth strong, second slightly shorter (other teeth not seen); labrum not exposed. Antennae inserted in middle of face, distinctly above lower ocular line; formula 11173; scapus slender, hardly reaching margin of median ocellus; pedicellus oval; flagellum slightly clavate, anellus short, all funicular segments transverse, each with one row of sensilla; clava oval-subacuminate, short. Thorax short, convex. Pronotum small, without distinct collar, at sides hardly extending beyond level of notaular furrows; lateral panel convex. Mesoscutum with notaular furrows deeper anteriorly but very indistinct in middle where they intercept the equally obliterated traces of axillar sutures, Only scutellum well separated by a rather deep arcuate cross-furrow. Scutellum convex, its sides rounded, not carinate. Propodeum medially not distinctly reticulate but with median carina, several carinulae at base and at the raised adpetiolar margin; plicae distinct due to a furrow at their inner side, situated relatively far (mesad) from spiracles. Prepectus with shallow fovea, only bluntly edged anteriorly. Mesopleurum bare. Tarsi short, mid and hind tarsus about half as long as the relevant tibia; basitarsi short. Fore wing with marginal vein short and together with the rudimental postmarginal vein triangularly expanded (fig. 12), top of triangle bearing short straight stigmal vein with angulate stigma; wing pubescence developed though not dense; marginal fringe present; basal cell below submarginal vein with a line of several longish hairs on lower surface. Gaster in female short, petiole not visible. First tergite covering about one-third of gaster, its hind margin straight; following tergites in normal position probably subequal in length, decreasing in width. Epipygium very short, strongly transverse, its sides almost perpendicular to the short though protruding ovipositor sheaths. Male unknown. The genus named in honour of its collector D.H.Colless (CSIRO, Canberra). Collessina pachyneura sp. n. Female Length 1-7 mm. Black, with very faint bluish tinge on head and thorax, partly greenish on gaster; more or less testaceous are: scapus, pedicellus beneath, both ends of tibiae narrowly, and whole tarsi, these very pale. Wings subhyaline; venation brown, with a pale break between parastigma and marginal vein. For various dimensions sce figures 10-12. Head in dorsal view lunulate, with frons regularly convex; POL 1-7 times OOL. Relative measurements: width of head 47, length (dorsally) 20, thickness of head mesad of eye (dorsally) 16, height 34, breadth of fronto- vertex 31, eye 20 : 15, malar space 9s, mouth 21, scapus 13, flagellum plus pedicellus 36; breadth of mesoscutum 41, length of mesoscutum plus scutellum 50. Scutellum very slightly longer than broad (23 : 22). Hind basitarsus dorsally barely as long as fifth tarsal segment, Gastral dorsum moderately convex, shiny, almost smooth except for traces of alutaceous reticulation at base of the third and following tergites. Male Unknown. Biology. Unknown. Holotype Q, Austratta: N. Queensland, Crystal Cascades nr Cairns, 19.iv.1967 (D.H.Colless), CSIRO, Canberra. ‘The specimen was brought to me for examination by Dr E.F.Riek (of Canberra).138 Z.Bouéek: The Eutrichosomatinae REFERENCES Astimeap W.H. 1899. On the genera of the Cleonymidae. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 4 : 200-6. Asumeap W.H. 1904. Classification of the chalcid flies or the superfamily Chalcidoidea, with descriptions of new species in the Carnegie Museurn, collected in South America by Herbert H.Smith. Mem. Carneg. Mus. x (4) : i-xi, 223-351, pls. 31-9. Burks B.D. 1958. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In KRomBeiN, K.V. et al. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic catalog. Agric. Monogr. 2, Suppl. 1 : 62-84. Burks B.D. 1964. The Provancher species of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. 95 : 1254-63. Burks B.D. 1967. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. In Knompein K.V. & Burks B.D. (Eds.), Hymeno- ptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic catalog. Agric. Monogr. 2, Suppl. 2 : 213-82. Crawrorp J.C. 1908. Some new Chalcidoidea. Proc. ent. Soc. Wash. 9 : 157-60. Ganan A.B. & Pack O. 1946. Notes on some Ashmeadian genotypes in the hymenopterous super- family Chaleidoidea. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 36 : 314-7. Peck O. 1951. Superfamily Chalcidoidea. Jn Muzseneck C.F.W. et al. (Eds.), Hymenoptera of America north of Mexico, Synoptic catalog. Agric. Monogr. 2 : 410-304. Peck O. 1963. A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta : Hymenoptera). Can. Ent. Suppl. 30 : 11092. PROVANCHER L. 1887. Additions and corrections au volume II de la Faune entomologique du Canada traitant des Hyménoptéres. Fam. VIII. Chalcidides, pp. 184-211. Quebec. Manuscript received roth June, 1974