PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

Sign and Symptoms Sign and Symptoms

 Shortness of breathing
increasing since 3 days
 with Peripheral Oxygen
Saturation 74% Hardened P2
sound
Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
 Frequent respiratory or lung infection
 Difficulty breathing
 Tiring when feeding (infants)
ATRIAL SPETAL DEFECT  Shortness of breath when being
active or exercising
 Skipped heartbeat or sense of
feeling the heartbeat
 A heart murmur, or a whooshing
Left to Right Shunt sound that can be heard with a
stethoscope
 Swelling of legs, feet, or stomach
area
 Stroke

Endothelial Dysfunction and Pulmonary Vascular

Remodeling
Predisposing Factors

- Age <31
- Gender Increase in Pulmonary Vascular
Resistence

Inverted Shunt: Right to Left

Precipitating Factors

- Genetics
- Certain medical Eisenmenger Syndrome
conditions
- Use of certain
medication
- Environmental or
lifestyle factors
Such as smoking or
alcohol misuse