Input data Scheduled

entity departure
no. calculation time, DT
Arrival Time Service Time,
Entity No. (AT) (ST) 1
1 0.00 2.90 2
2 1.73 1.76 3
3 3.08 3.39 4
4 3.79 4.52 5
5 4.41 4.46 6
6 18.69 4.36
7 19.39 2.07
8 34.91 3.36
9 38.06 2.37
10 39.82 5.38
11 40.82

INSERT PICTURE
 A system which has one or single queue, one resource (machine or worker) th

Base time
unit: minutes
Start time: 0.00
Stop time: 20.00

Event time and type:

Entity no.
Entity no.
leaves/departs
being
Entity no. after
processed
in queue completed
Event time Event type by a
process by a
resource
resource

RESOURCE
JOIN OR NOT STATUS: 0.00 INITIAL 0 0 0
JOIN A BUSY OR
QUEUE? IDLE

Total/sum
ource (machine or worker) that allows each entity to be served one by one.

Variables Statistical accumulators

Q(t) Q* B(t)

P N WQN WQ* TSP TS* ∫Q ∫B

0 0 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

0 0.00 0.00 0.00

 FINAL OUTPUT PERFORMANCE MEASURES FROM THE HAND SIMULATION FOR SINGLE SERVER

NO. statistical accumulator Performance measure value/ formula

P= total number of entities Total production Total of P at 20 minutes
1 produced/ served so far
WQ = waiting or queue times Average waiting time in total WQ/total N (at 20
that have been observed so far queue minutes)
N = number of entities that have
passed through the queue so far/
that left the queue
2

WQ* = maximum time in queue Maximum waiting time in WQ* at 20 minutes

3 that has been observed so far queue

TS = total times in system that Average total time in system Total TS/total P (at 20
have been observed so far minutes)
P = total number of entities
produced/ served so far

TS* = maximum total time in Maximum total time in TS* at 20 minutes

system that has been observed system
so far
5

∫Q = the area under the Q(t) curve Time average number of total ∫Q/20 (minutes)
entity in queue

6
 Q(t) = number of entities in Maximum number of entity Q* at 20 minutes
queue that have been observed so in the queue
far or at time t
7 Q*(t) = maximum of Q(t) that
has been observed so far or at
time t
∫B = the area under the B(t) curve Resource utilization ∫B/(20) or ∫B/(1x20)
so far 1 - capacity or resource unit
20 = end of time (simulated) =1
20 - the end time at 20
minutes

8
N FOR SINGLE SERVER QUEUE

Value Unit
entities

minutes per
entity

minutes

minutes per
entity

minutes

entity
 entities

also can be
expressed as
percentage,
92%
 entity
input data no. calculation

Part No. Arrival Time service time, ST 1 DT(1) = AT(1) + ST(1)

1 0.00 2.90 2 DT(2) = AT(2) + ST(2)

2 1.73 1.76 3 DT(3) = AT(3) + ST(3)

3 2.8 3.39 4 DT(4) = AT(4) + ST(4)

4 3.1 1.50 5

5 4.41 4.46 6

6 18.69 4.36 7

7 19.39 2.07

8 34.91 3.36

9 38.06 2.37

10 39.82 5.38

11 40.82
 A system which has one

Event time and type:

Event time

RESOURCE 0
Scheduled departure JOIN OR NOT JOIN A STATUS: BUSY OR
time, DT QUEUE? IDLE
NOT JOIN
2.90 IDLE
0.00

3.49 NOT JOIN IDLE

6.19 JOIN BUSY

1.73

4.60

2.80

2.90

3.10

3.49
TOTAL/SUM
 system which has one or single queue, two (2) resource (machine or worker) that allows each entity to be served when both or

vent time and type:

entity no. in Variables St

entity no. The
entity no.
in a Service/proc
leaves/departs
Queue ess (single
machine)
Event type P N
Q(t) Q(t)* B(t)

0.00 0 0 0

1
AT(1)

1
AT(2)

1
AT(3)

3 2

3
DT(1) 1

3
AT(4) 1

4 2

3
DT(2) 1,2

4
TOTAL/SUM
served when both or one of the resource are idle/empty.

Statistical accumulators

WQ*
WQN TSP TS* (max) ∫Q ∫B
(max)
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
 FINAL OUTPUT PERFORMANCE MEASURES FROM THE HAND SIMULATION FOR 2 SERVER SINGL

NO. Statistical accumulator Performance measure

P= total number of entities produced/ Total production
1 served so far
WQ = waiting or queue times that have Average waiting time in
been observed so far queue
N = number of entities that have
passed through the queue so far/ that
left the queue
2

WQ* = maximum time in queue that Maximum waiting time in

has been observed so far queue
3

TS = total times in system that have Average total time in system

been observed so far
P = total number of entities produced/
served so far

TS* = maximum total time in system Maximum total time in

that has been observed so far system
5

∫Q = the area under the Q(t) curve Time average number of

20 = end of time (simulated) entity in queue

Q(t) = number of entities in queue that Maximum number of entity

have been observed so far or at time t in the queue
Q*(t) = maximum of Q(t) that has been
7 observed so far or at time t
8 ∫B = the area under the B(t) curve so Resource utilization
far
20 = end of time (simulated)
2 = capacity or number of unit
THE HAND SIMULATION FOR 2 SERVER SINGLE QUEUE

value/ formula Value Unit

Value of P at 20 minutes parts

total WQ/total N (at 20 minutes per part

minutes)

WQ* at 20 minutes minutes

Total TS/total P (at 20 minutes per part

minutes)

TS* at 20 minutes minutes

Total ∫Q/20 parts

Q* at 20 minutes part
Total ∫B/(2x20) also can be
expressed as
percentage, 50%