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1. Introduction to Cybersecurity
- Understanding the cybersecurity landscape
- Key terminology and concepts
- Common threats and vulnerabilities
- Ethical and legal considerations

2. Networking Fundamentals
- Introduction to computer networks
- TCP/IP protocol suite
- Network architecture and topologies
- IP addressing and subnetting
- Network protocols (DNS, DHCP, HTTP, etc.)
- Network security principles and practices

3. Operating Systems Security


- Introduction to operating systems security
- Windows, Linux, and macOS security features
- User authentication and access control
- File and folder permissions
- System hardening techniques
- Patch management and software updates

4. Web Application Security


- Common web application vulnerabilities (e.g., OWASP Top 10)
- Secure coding practices
- Input validation and output encoding
- Session management and authentication
- Web application firewalls
- Web application penetration testing

5. Network Security
- Firewalls and Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (IDS/IPS)
- Virtual Private Networks (VPNs)
- Wireless network security
- Network monitoring and log analysis
- Network traffic analysis
- Network security architecture and design

6. Cryptography and Encryption


- Principles of cryptography
- Symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms
- Public key infrastructure (PKI)
- Digital signatures and certificates
- Cryptographic protocols (SSL/TLS, SSH, etc.)
- Cryptanalysis and common attacks

7. Incident Response and Forensics


- Incident response processes and frameworks
- Identification, containment, and eradication of threats
- Digital forensics techniques
- Evidence preservation and analysis
- Incident reporting and documentation

8. Ethical Hacking and Penetration Testing


- Introduction to ethical hacking
- Footprinting and reconnaissance
- Scanning and enumeration
- Vulnerability assessment and exploitation
- Post-exploitation techniques
- Reporting and remediation recommendations
- Hands-on practice on platforms like HackTheBox and TryHackMe

9. Security Policies and Compliance


- Developing security policies and procedures
- Regulatory compliance frameworks (e.g., GDPR, HIPAA)
- Risk assessment and management
- Security awareness and training programs
- Security audits and assessments

10. Emerging Trends in Cybersecurity


- Cloud security and virtualization
- Internet of Things (IoT) security
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning in cybersecurity
- Mobile device security
- Blockchain technology and its security implications

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