Philippine Criminal Justice System – the machinery of the state or government, which enforces the rules of conduct

necessary to protect life and property and maintain peace and order.

GOALS OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM A. Primary Goals 1. protect members of society 2. maintenance of peace and order
B. Secondary Goals 1. prevention of crimes 2. the review of legality of the
preventive and suppressive measures 3. the judicial determination of guilt or
innocence of those apprehend 4. the proper disposition of those who have been
legally found guilty 5. the correction by socially approved means of the behave if
those who violate the criminal law

6. the suppression of criminal conduct by apprehending offenders for whom prevention is ineffective

5 Pillars of PCJS

1. Law Enforcement -front liner or prime mover of the criminal justice system.
-initiator of actions
2. Prosecution - gather necessary evidence.
-it determines the evidence of prima facie case (first view) files and prosecute the
case in court.
3. Court -known as the center or core of the CJS.
-arbiter of justice, conduct hearing, and render authoritative judgement.
-a governmental body officially assembled under authority of law at the appropriate
time and place for the administration of justice through which the state enforces its
sovereign rights and power
-an organ of the government, belonging to the judicial department, whose function is
the application of the laws to controversies brought before it and public
administration of justice.
-a body to which the public administration of justice is delegated through its sovereign
rights and power.
4. Correction –the weakest pillar in the CJS.
-it controls those who were convicted by the court and segregate them from the
community.
5. Community -informal pillar of the CJS.
-known as the widest pillar in the CJS.

Court of Appeals -established under Batas Pambansa No. 129 known as The Judiciary Reorganization
Act of 1980 .
-It is composed of one presiding justice and sixty-eight associate justices.

Complaint -It is a sworn written statement charging a person for an offense, subscribed by the offended party, public
officers or any peace officer in charge of the law violated.
Inquest - an informal and summary investigation conducted by a public prosecutor in criminal cases involving
persons arrested and detained without the benefit of a warrant of arrest issued by the court for the purpose
of determining whether or not said persons should remain under custody and correspondingly be charged
in court.
Inquest Officers -prosecutors assigned to inquest duties by the provincial or city prosecutor.
-they shall discharge their functions during the hours of their designated assignments, which might
be done at the police stations in order to expedite inquest proceedings.
Judiciary That branch of the government which is vested with judicial power
That branch of the governmentwhich is empowered to interpret,construe and apply the law.

Penology- a branch of criminology which deals with management and administration of inmates.
Penalty- the suffering that is inflicted by the
State for the transgression of the law
1) Detention prisoners- those held for security reasons; held for investigation; those awaiting final judgment; those
awaiting trial
2) Sentenced prisoners- those convicted by final judgment

Executive Clemency- collective term for absolute pardon, conditional pardon and commutation of sentence.

Pardon – an act of grace proceeding from the power entrusted with the execution of the laws which exempts the
individual on whom is to bestowed from the punishment the law inflicts for a crime he has committed: pardoning power is
exercised by the President.

Amnesty – an act of the sovereign power granting oblivion or general pardon for a past offense usually granted in favor of
certain classes of persons who have committed crimes of a political character such as treason, sedition or rebellion.

Parole – a method by which prisoners who has served a portion of his sentences is conditionally released but remains in
legal custody, the condition being in case of misbehavior, ha shall be imprisoned

Probation a disposition under which defendant, after conviction and sentence, is released subject to the condition
imposed by the court and to the supervision of a probation officer, derived from the Latin word “probare” which means
“to prove”.

John Augustus- father of modern probation

Teodolo Natividad- father of Philippines probation

Lupon – shall be composed of ten (10) to twenty members appointed by Barangay Chairman.

Cause of Action – an act or omission of one party in violation of the legal rights of the other for which the latter suffers
damage which affords a party to a right judicial intervention. Arbitration – the settlement of disputes by a person chosen
hear by both sides and to come to a decision

RA 6975 – otherwise known as the “Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990”, enacted on 13
December 1990 -- reorganized the DILG and established the Philippine National Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Bureau
of Jail Management and the Philippine Public Safety College.

RA 8551 – otherwise known as the Philippine National Police Reform and Reorganization Act of 1998, enacted on 1998 --
amended certain provisions of RA 6975.

Philippine National Police  Organized pursuant to RA 6975, as amended by RA 8551  A law enforcement agency under
the operational control of the Department of the Interior and 3 Local Government and administrative supervision of the
National Police Commission  It is an organization that is national in scope and civilian in character  Headed by the Chief,
PNP, with the rank of Director General

Article XVI Sec 6 of the 1987 Philippine Constitution The State shall establish and maintain one police force, which shall be
national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a national police commission. The
authority of local executives over the police units in their jurisdiction shall be provided by law.
b) Sandiganbayan  Created pursuant to PD 1606  Composed of fifteen (15) Justice, headed by Presiding Judge  Operates
in five (5) divisions each comprising three (3) members  Tasked to handle criminal cases involving graft and corruption
and other offenses committed by public officers and employees in connection with the performance of their functions

Mens rea (guilty mind) -refers to the offender's mental state at the time of the crime.
Actus reus (guilty act) -relates to the physical act of committing a crime.

Types of sentence/penalties in the Philippines

1. Reclusion Perpetua - imprisonment for at least thirty [30] years after which the convict becomes eligible
for pardon
2. Reclusion Temporal - 12 years and 1 day to 20 years
3. Prision Mayor and Temporary Disqualification - 6 years and 1 day to 12 years
4. Prision correccional, suspension, and destierro- 6 months and 1 day to 6 years
5. Arresto Mayor - 1 month and 1 day to 6 months
6. Arresto Menor - 1 day to 30 days
7. Bond to keep the peace - The bond to keep the peace shall be required to cover such period of time as the court
may determine.

PNP Law and History

Republic Act 6975 led to the creation of PNP which took effect on January 1,
1991 whose members were formerly the PC and the INP.
RA 8551 This law established that the Philippine National Police is under the
Department of Interior and Local Government.

On August 8, 1975, Presidential Decree No. 765 was issued, which led to the
establishment of__________________, the country's national police force.

he Organic Act No. 175 enacted by the Philippine Commission under American
rule led to the creation of Insular Police Force

It was inaugurated in August 8, 1901 as national gendarmerie force for law

enforcement, directly reporting to the American government.

Current events

Stephen William Hawking He was an English theoretical physicist, cosmologist, and

author and was famous for his scientific works about black holes. He died on
March 13, at the age of 76.
Hidilyn F. Diaz On July 26, 2021, she won the first ever Olympic gold medal for the
Philippines in 2020 Summer Olympics held in Tokyo, Japan.
Who is the Filipina weightlifting athlete who won a silver medal in the recent
2016 Rio Olympics held in Brazil?

Fire Director Leonard Ramos Bañago He is the current Chief of the Bureau of Fire
Protection.

Philippine Rise Benham Rise is a 13-million hectare underwater plateau located near
Aurora. The area is solely claimed, as part of its continental shelf, by the
Republic of the Philippines, which was confirmed by the United Nations
Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf on April 12, 2012. Thru the
Executive Order No. 25, President Duterte renamed the underwater plateau.
What do we call Benham Rise now?

July 12, 2016 he date when the Philippines won against China on its case on the
Permanent Court of Arbitration.

Dr. Gerardo Legaspi He is the first Filipino to be officially vaccinated against COVID-
19. He received the first authorized shot of Sinovac COVID-19 vaccine during the
kickoff of the nation’s vaccination drive.

Jonel Nuezca He was the police officer who fatally shot civilians Sonya Gregorio
and her son, Frank, in Paniqui, Tarlac, causing renewed discussion over police
brutality.

Kapa-kapa Medinilla magnifica, or rose grape is a flowering plant native to the

Philippines. It is featured on the newly-designed 10-peso coin issued by the BSP
last March 2018. What is the local name of this plant?

February 11, 2020 The PH–US Visiting Forces Agreement is a bilateral visiting forces
agreement between the Philippines and the United States. On what date did
President Duterte announced that he is ending the pact between the two
countries?

Maria Ressa She is the first Filipino recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize and the 18th
woman to win the Peace Prize in its 120-year history.

Dr. Deo Florence Onda He is the first Filipino to reach the 34,100 feet Emdem Deep,
the third deepest spot on Earth.
May 23, 2017 It was the date when President Duterte declared Martial law in the
whole island of Mindanao.

Dante Jimenez He was a Filipino educator and victims' rights campaigner best
known as the founder of the advocacy group Volunteers Against Crime and
Corruption. He died on January 29, 2021 of an aortic aneurysm at the age of 68.

Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion On January 1, 2018, the Republic Act No. 10963,
widely known as the TRAIN Law took effect. What does TRAIN stand for?

National Museum of Natural History On May 18, 2018, this museum was opened to the
public for the first time. It is hosted inside the building formerly occupied by the
Department of Tourism within Rizal Park near the Agrifina Circle.

Maria Ressa She was included in Time's Person of the Year 2018 and was arrested
by National Bureau Investigation (NBI) for cyber libel upon the orders of the
Manila Regional Trial Court Branch 46.

Davao City On September 8, 2020, the Department of Agriculture (DA) has

formally named this city as the Cacao Capital of the Philippines.

National Land Use Act On his 3rd SONA, President Duterte told the Members of the
Senate to urgently pass this law to put in place a policy that will address our
competing land requirements for food, housing, businesses, and environmental
conservation.

Martin Romualdez The current Speaker of the House of the 19th Congress.

Jolo, Sulu On January 27, 2019, at least 20 people were killed while 111 people
were injured as explosions rocked the Cathedral of Our Lady of Mount Carmel in
_________.

Joseph Scott Pemberton President Rodrigo Duterte has granted an absolute pardon to
this US Marines personnel who was convicted of killing of transgender Filipino
woman Jennifer Laude in 2014.

Jose Calida What is the name of the former solicitor general who petitioned for the
closure of ABS-CBN?
Makati Regional Trial Court Branch 150 Judge Elmo Alameda of __________ issued a
warrant against Sen. Antonio Trillanes IV over a rebellion case following
President Duterte's issuance of Proclamation 572 voiding his amnesty.