TABLE OF CONTENT

S.No Topic Page.No

1. Abstract 3

2. Overview of Python 4

3. Requirements 6

4. Functions 7

5. Library 8

6. Source Code 9

7. Output 13

8. Conclusion 21

9. Refernces 22

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ABSTRACT:
The Minesweeper project is a Python-based implementation of the classic
Minesweeper game with a focus on graphical user interface (GUI) design and
event-driven programming using the Tkinter library. Minesweeper is a single-
player puzzle game where the objective is to reveal all cells on a grid without
detonating hidden mines. The project aims to provide an engaging and
interactive gaming experience through an intuitive interface and thoughtful
design.

This implementation incorporates fundamental Python programming concepts,

leveraging Tkinter for GUI components and interactions. The game dynamically
generates mine placements, calculates the number of adjacent mines for each
cell, and utilizes recursive algorithms for efficient cell revealing. The graphical
interface is designed to enhance user experience, with buttons representing cells
and informative pop-up messages conveying game status.

The Minesweeper project is a testament to the versatility of Python for

developing interactive and visually appealing applications. By exploring GUI
development, randomization, and event handling, this project serves as an
educational resource for those seeking to enhance their programming skills and
understand the intricacies of game development in Python. The emphasis on a
classic game like Minesweeper provides an accessible and enjoyable context for
learning and exploration within the Python programming ecosystem.

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OVERVIEW OF PYTHON:
Python is a high-level, interpreted programming language known for its
simplicity, readability, and versatility. Created by Guido van Rossum and first
released in 1991, Python has evolved into one of the most popular languages in
the world. It offers a dynamic and expressive syntax that prioritizes code
readability and ease of use, making it an excellent choice for both beginners and
experienced developers.

ADVANTAGES OF PYTHON:
 Presence of Third-Party Modules
 Extensive Support Libraries:
 Open Source and Community Development
 Learning Ease and Support Available
 User-friendly Data Structures
 Productivity and Speed

APPLICATIONS OF PYTHON:
 Scientific and computational applications with games
 Web frameworks and web applications
 Enterprise and business applications
 Operating systems
 Language development
 Prototyping

Python is easy to learn yet a powerful object-oriented programming language.

Python supports Unicode encoding standard. Python works on different
platforms. Python has a simple syntax similar to the English Language. It has
syntax that allows developers to write programs with fewer lines than some
other programming languages.

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Why Python is Beginner Friendly:

 Clear and Readable Syntax

 Strong Community Support

 Comprehensive Documentation

 Rich Ecosystem of Libraries

 Versatility Across Domains

 Interactive and Rapid Prototyping

 Cross-Platform Compatibility

 Dynamic Typing

 Large Talent Pool

 Abundance of Educational Resources

5
REQUIREMENTS:
To run the Minesweeper project successfully, the following requirements must
be satisfied:

Python 3.x:

 The project is developed using Python 3.x. Ensure that Python is installed
on your system. You can download the latest version from the official
Python website (https://www.python.org/).

Tkinter Library:

 Tkinter is the standard GUI toolkit for Python and is used to create the
graphical user interface for the Minesweeper game. It is included with
most Python installations by default.

Code Editor or IDE:

 Choose a code editor or integrated development environment (IDE) of

your preference. Popular choices include Visual Studio Code, PyCharm,
or IDLE (comes with Python).

Basic Understanding of GUI Programming Concepts:

 Familiarize yourself with basic GUI programming concepts, as the

Minesweeper project heavily relies on creating a graphical user interface.
Understanding how to design and interact with buttons, labels, and event
handling is beneficial.

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FUNCTIONS:
random.sample(sequence, k):

 Returns a k-length list of unique elements chosen randomly from the input
sequence.
 Used in `generate_mines()` to randomly place mines on the game board.

button.config(**options):

 Configures the appearance and behavior of a Tkinter Button widget.

 Utilized in various functions to update button text, state, and color.

messagebox.showinfo(title, message):

 Displays an informational message in a pop-up dialog.

 Used in `game_over()` and `check_win()` to show game outcome
messages.

divmod(a, b):

 Returns a pair of numbers (a tuple) consisting of their quotient and

remainder when dividing a by b.
 Employed in `generate_mines()` to convert a linear position into row and
column indices.

max(iterable, *[, key, default]):

 Returns the maximum value from an iterable.

 Used in nested loops to determine valid ranges in `calculate_numbers()`.

min(iterable, *[, key, default])

 Returns the minimum value from an iterable.

 Used in nested loops to determine valid ranges in `calculate_numbers()`.

sum(iterable[, start])

 Returns the sum of all items in an iterable.

 Used in `check_win()` to calculate the number of unrevealed cells.

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LIBRARY:
Tkinter:

 Role:
Standard GUI library for Python.
 in Minesweeper:
Used to create the graphical user interface, including buttons and
windows.
 Installation:
Included with most Python installations.

Random:

 Role:

Generates random numbers.

 In Minesweeper:

Utilized to randomize mine placement on the game board.

 Import:

import random

Messagebox:

 Role:

Part of Tkinter, creates pop-up message boxes.

 In Minesweeper:

Shows informational messages such as game over or victory.

 Import:
`from tkinter import messagebox`
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SOURCE CODE:
import tkinter as tk

from tkinter import messagebox

import random

class Minesweeper:

def __init__(self, master, rows, cols, mines):

self.master = master

self.rows = rows

self.cols = cols

self.mines = mines

self.board = [[0 for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]

self.revealed = [[False for _ in range(cols)] for _ in range(rows)]

self.buttons = []

self.generate_mines()

self.calculate_numbers()

self.create_gui()

def generate_mines(self):

mine_positions = random.sample(range(self.rows * self.cols), self.mines)

for position in mine_positions:

row, col = divmod(position, self.cols)

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 self.board[row][col] = "M"

def calculate_numbers(self):

for row in range(self.rows):

for col in range(self.cols):

if self.board[row][col] != "M":

for i in range(max(0, row - 1), min(self.rows, row + 2)):

for j in range(max(0, col - 1), min(self.cols, col + 2)):

if self.board[i][j] == "M":

self.board[row][col] += 1

def create_gui(self):

for row in range(self.rows):

button_row = []

for col in range(self.cols):

button = tk.Button(self.master, text=" ", width=3, height=1,

command=lambda r=row, c=col: self.reveal_cell(r, c))

button.grid(row=row, column=col)

button_row.append(button)

self.buttons.append(button_row)

def reveal_cell(self, row, col):

if not self.revealed[row][col]:
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 self.revealed[row][col] = True

button = self.buttons[row][col]

button.config(text=str(self.board[row][col]))

if self.board[row][col] == 0:

for i in range(max(0, row - 1), min(self.rows, row + 2)):

for j in range(max(0, col - 1), min(self.cols, col + 2)):

if not self.revealed[i][j]:

self.reveal_cell(i, j)

if self.board[row][col] == "M":

self.game_over()

else:

self.check_win()

def game_over(self):

for row in range(self.rows):

for col in range(self.cols):

self.revealed[row][col] = True

button = self.buttons[row][col]

if self.board[row][col] == "M":

button.config(text="💣", state=tk.DISABLED,
disabledforeground="red")
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 else:

button.config(state=tk.DISABLED, disabledforeground="black")

messagebox.showinfo("Game Over", "Oops! You hit a mine. Game over!")

def check_win(self):

unrevealed_count = sum(row.count(False) for row in self.revealed)

if unrevealed_count == self.mines:

messagebox.showinfo("Congratulations", "Congratulations! You won.")

def main():

root = tk.Tk()

root.title("Minesweeper")

minesweeper_game = Minesweeper(root, rows=10, cols=10, mines=20)

root.mainloop()

if __name__ == "__main__":

main()

OUTPUT:
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Game opening page.

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Game interface.

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15
Game over message box.

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Game over message box.

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Game over message

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Game win message.

19
Game win box

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CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, the Minesweeper project provides a practical demonstration of
Python's versatility in creating interactive and visually appealing applications.
By leveraging the Tkinter library for GUI design, the random module for
dynamic mine placement, and the messagebox module for user feedback, the
project showcases the seamless integration of various Python functionalities.
The simplicity and readability of Python's syntax contribute to the accessibility
of the code, making it an excellent resource for both novice and experienced
programmers.

The overview of Python's advantages and disadvantages emphasizes its

readability, extensive community support, and versatility in different domains.
Python's suitability for beginners is highlighted through its clear syntax,
extensive documentation, and a large community that fosters a supportive
learning environment. The hardware and software requirements ensure a smooth
execution of the Minesweeper project, making it accessible to a broad audience.

Overall, the Minesweeper project serves as an educational and practical

example of Python's capabilities in GUI development and game programming.
It provides a foundation for further exploration and learning within the Python
ecosystem, encouraging developers to delve into more complex projects and
expand their programming skills.

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REFERENCES:
 Python Documentation:

https://docs.python.org/

 Tkinter Documentation:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/tkinter.html

 Random Module Documentation:

https://docs.python.org/3/library/random.html

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