Literature Comper R The Enemy (Pearl S. Buck) ABOUT THE AUTHOR Pearl S. Buck was born on June 26, 1892 in Hillsboro, West Virginia, USA. When she was three months old, her parents shifted to China, where she spent almost forty years of her life. That is why she is conversant with the customs and traditions of that part of the world. She was bilingual and was adept in reading and writing both English and Chinese. Her best known novel, "The Good Earth" is set in China and was first published in 1931. In 1938, she won the Nobel Prize in Literature. She has authored over seventy books, on a variety of topics. Her hooks include novels, collection of stories, biography and autobiography, poetry, drama, children's literature and translation from Chinese. She died in March 1973, just two months before her eighty-fist birthday. ABOUT THE STORY Introduction The story "The Enemy" by Pearl S. Buck has everythin} makes it an anti-war story but at no stage in the story does™ spell out categorical condemnation of war. The de-glori isonet war is hinted at through the near fatal plight of an America" reade! of war (P.0.W.). His condition speaks for itself and 5e yt? thinking about the illogicality of war. The story also 4°a » Enem yates Te Enemy we conflict that the doctor and his wife have to face. When they try to ,eason out their action of helping the P.O.W,, they are reminded that his country is at war with theirs, but there is always a world beyond all reasons, the world of professional loyalty and the world of devotion to duty. Of course, one can't help admiring the skill and talent of the author who succeeds in condemning wars and warmongers in the strongest ofterms and in the most artistic and sensitive manner. Summary Dr Sadao Hoki was a Japanese doctor who had studied in America where he had also met his future wife, Hana. Presently they lived in Japan with their two children and, like the rest of the world, were indirectly involved in war. Sadao had spent his childhood like an ordinary kid climbing trees and playing bare feet amongst the seas. His father had been a great inspirational force in his life who had taught his son that ‘our future depends on how we build it'. He had been wholly devoted to Sadao's education and had sent him to America at twenty-two to learn Surgery and medicine. Sadao returned to Japan at the age of thirty and became famous as a scientist. Sadao's surgical skills were indispensable to Japan, for he was perfecting a discovery that would ender wounds clean, Asa result, when Japan went to war, Sadao was Rot sent out with the troops because the Japanese General had a “ondition for which he could have needed surgery and he trusted no Re but Sadao, o had returned home after oo day, there was a heavy fog, and Sada . On reaching home Speng: Pending a while watching the mist near the shore. Wife, Hana, opened the door and welcomed him lovingly. Sadao ee . ssor's fess ‘alleg how he had met her at an American professor's (Professor *ley) house. Showing regard for his father's feelings, he had waited390 Literature Companion 1y ntil he was sure that she was purely Japanese. Now to marry her ui twochildren. they were living happily with their While standing in their veranda, flung out of the ocean. Dr Sadao fisherman, ran towards him. Upon reaching the spot they saw thathe was bleeding heavily. Ona closer look, they saw that he was a white with a gun wound on the right side of his lower back that had the couple suddenly saw a man and Hana, thinking him to be a man been reopened by the ocean rocks. Sadao and his wife were ina dilemma because Sadao had found the man's cap bearing the letters P 8 US. Navy which indicated that this injured man was perhaps a prisoner of war. The couple was patriotic to the core and duly considered Americans to be their enemy. But the humane side in them did not allow them to toss back a wounded man into the wild rocky ocean. They thought about the servants who would not approve of harbouring an enemy in the house. Knowing fully well that it would affect Sadao's reputation, they still decided to g° ahead and treat the POW. The room in which they lodged the prisoner belonged to Sadao's lat? father. It had a perfect Japanese setting without chairs or 4 foreigt bed. So, the man was laid down on a deeply matted floor. Hana we hesitant to cover him with the silk quilt as he was very dirty: decided to ask Yumi, the nanny, to wash him. Sadao decided toe the other servant. He checked the man's pulse and heartbeat whit’ was faint and decided that he would have to operate immediate Hana went t We ja went to - nursery and asked Yumi to follow het Te The servants were frightened at what Sadao had just told them™ . ie gardener, being an old superstitious man, warned the™ that me should not try to help the enem a ing the dittY ee y. Yumi, upon seeing # anit man, refused to w; Aa, 7 herself. ash him; so Hana went ahead to do thvistas: The Enemy 391 sadao entered the room with surgical e she would have to give the anesthetics seeing all the blood and ran out to vomit. She soon returned and followed her husband's directions who told her to saturate the cotton with the anesthetic and hold it near the nostrils of the patient. At this juncture, she recalled the stories about the sufferings of prisoners and also what she had read in newspapers about the glorification of Japanese army. At the same time she also Tecalled having read that the Japanese General Takima was a wife-beater, ‘quipments and told Hana that if need arose. Hana choked on Sadao found the bullet near the Kidney of the injured soldier and removed it. Hana had to serve him herself because her servants refused to help an enemy. A few days later the man woke up weak and terrified. He asked the couple if they were planning to hand him over to the authorities. Sadao answered that though that would be the tight thing to do but they had not come toa decision yet. Meanwhile, he forbade the boy from telling him his name unless asked to do so. Sadao dutifully continued to treat his wounds. When he Temoved the last Stitches, he knew that now it would not take more thana fortnight for the patient to be well. So, he typed a letter addressed to the Chief of Police Teporting that on the twenty-first day of February an escaped Prisoner was washed up on the shore in front of his house. He kept this unfinished letter ina secret drawer. On the seventh day after having taken-in the POW by the Sadaos, the Servants of their household decided to leave as a mark of protest for Biving shelter to an enemy. But Sadao, even though accepting that the Merican was his enemy, refused to turn his patient away because he 2d been trained to save lives. However, the servants left with their longings and Hana took upon herself all the chores of the Usehold. In the afternoon, on the same day, a messenger came. A ‘etrifie Hana ran to Sadao thinking that the servants must have 'Sclosed the information about the POW. But the messenger hadSe 392 Literature Companion 13 actually come to fetch Sadao to treat the General who was in Pain, Seeing Hana in distress, Sadao decided to get rid of the prisoner ag soon as possible. During his meeting with the General, Dr Sadao disclosed everything about the POW. But, since Sadao was indispensable to the General and the doctor's possible arrest for harbouring an enemy would affect him as well, he told Sadao that he would send his private assassins at night who would silently kill the prisoner and dispose off the body. Sadao thought it best not to scare Hana by telling her about the plan. So, he went to check on the boy who was out of bed. Tom, for that was his name, thanked Sadao for saving his life. Sadao's conscience pricked him and he could not sleep for three nights anticipating the arrival of assassins. Unable to take it anymore, he devised a plan for Tom's escape. He revealed to Tom that the authorities knew of his presence in his house and that he would give him his boat which could be rowed at night to an uninhabited, submerged, and unprotected island nearby. He warned him not to take help from anyone except a Korean fishing boat. When night approached, Sadao dragged his boat to the shore, put food, bottled water and two quilts in it. He did not let Hana know anything about the escape plan. He checked Tom's health status and gave him his own flashlight asking to signal two flashes at the instant the su" dropped over the horizon, in case he ran out of food. He warned him against using fire as it could be spotted easily. He dressed him uP in Japanese clothes and tied a black cloth about his blonde head. The American shook his hand warmly and rowed away. Sadao then went to the General and after operating upo" informed that the prisoner had escaped. The General said that he had been unwell and had not been able to think about anything other" his health hence, he had forgotten to send the assassins. Both the men decided to keep the eventa secret.ss: The Enemy vi 393 rat night, Sadao was sure that the American had been saved. Meanwhile, the servants returned to the Sadao household and life became normal. But Dr Sadao kept thinking about all the Americans pe knew - Professor Harley, his wife, his old Anatomy teacher who taught him so much, his landlady who gave him shelter and nursed him through influenza despite the Prejudice against Japanese in America. Remembering the young tortured prisoner, Sadao wondered why hehad been unable to kill him. « yonder « render * creeping up * wreathing * haori * kimono * Voluble : heedlessly * mists : flung * breaker * Staggered * surg * Siked ‘ hast * tag ‘ lendeg ‘ “lem 2 encircling GLOssary i’ : over there ; : make > (here) slowly moving up : a loose outer garment resembling a coat and extending to the knees worn over the kimono : wide sleeved Japanese dress : talkative : (here) carelessly; recklessly : fog 2 threw forcefully : heavy wave : walked unsteadily : foam ofsea + covered with sharp points : hurry ! pieces of old cloth : nursed * earnest; serious304 e beachcombers « muttered e stanch e packed e strewed moaned e stupor e repulsion e inert e battered « prisoner of war : e endanger e fowl e distress e pallor e stoop e vitality * menace e nursery « bluntly « courteously e severely e fierce e resistance e sustained oe Literature Companiy m 12 : a person without a regular job, who lives selling whatever is found on the beaches : mumbled; murmured 2 check orstop the flow of blood : (here) filled : scattered : groaned : unconsciousness : disgust; aversion : immobile; inactive; lifeless : (here) torn a person who has been captured and imprisoned by the enemy in war : putatrisk : chicken; poultry as food : anxiety; dismay; sorrow : paleness : benddown : strength; vigour; stamina : (here) a person whois threatening or dangerous : aroom ina house for the special use of yours children : curtly; straight forwardly; frankly : respectfully : seriously : aggressive : refusal to accept : supported; encourageda 7 vs ys: Te Enermd conviction superiority impulsively blonde ebbing sterilized tokonama alcove ruin concise anesthetic blankly peered into fastened superficial choked leaped tetching Tuthless heed Stir Saturate intricate Piteously ‘Wisted flickers ‘ Sontradicted : arecessin the wall of aroom or garden : makin, - callous; hard; : pa + moveslightly - thoroughly soa : complex; : arousing pity : quick : denied : belief : supremacy : instinctively; involuntarily : ofavery light yellow-brown colour : declining; (here) subsiding : purified ; freed from bacteria : aniche ina Japanese home, alcove generally for displaying flower arrangement or a piece of art : destroy : brief : asubstance that induces insensitivity to pain t : without understanding : looked closely into + locked securely : onthe surface; not deep : suffocated; felt gagged : jumped g motion of vomiting cruel; fierce: heartless y attention to something complicated; notsimple : crumpled movements a396 e scars « probed « profound cardinal incision e quivered feeble ° vial ¢ hypodermic « thrust e fluttered « perceived « summon © gasped ¢ porcelain spoon : « dragged © marred e contemptuously: « condemned « traitor « sentimental « impulsive © assuage kerchiefs dismayed Literature Compan, in 1p : marks onthe skin : examined : deep : chief; fundamental : cutting especially by asurgeon : trembled : weak : a small container, typically cylindrical and made of glass, used especially for holding liquid medicines : syringe : push suddenly or violently in a specified direction : moved with light irregularity : becameaware : call; convene; (here) gather together; muster : breathe with difficulty; (here) uttered with difficulty spoon made of China clay : pulled along forcefully : spoiled; damaged arrogantly; scornfully : sentenced toa particular punishment : aperson who betrays : emotional : acting without forethought : lessen; soothe; appease : apiece of fabric : disappointed; distressedye vistas “The Enemy grieving , brusquely evidently crimson gasping unaccustomed exhausted indispensable execution overwhelmed assassins timid gaily gaunt stubbly tustling comprehending shagey boughs faves Wail fonttying Submerged fathoms Stout . dereliction 397 : feeling intense sadness : abruptly : clearly : arich deep red colour inclining to purple : panting : notaccustomed or used to : wornout; very tired : essential; crucial : the carrying out of a sentence of death on a condemned person : overcome with deep emotions : killers; especially political or religious : coward; fearful : cheerfully : grim; desolate; lean : unshaven : making a soft, muffled crackling sound like that caused by the movement of dry leaves or paper : understanding > rough : branches : overhanging edges of roots : along high-pitched cry : protected : under water : measure of six feet in terms of depth : strong and thick : neglect398 Literature Companion 1) prejudice : bias; preconceived opinion slatternly : untidy despised + hated; disliked; looked down upon repulsive : causing aversion haggard + wornout; exhausted; run-down; unhealthy S HORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (to be answered in about 40 words each) Q1. Whowas Dr Sadao? Where was his house situated? (Textual) Dr Sadao was a renowned Japanese surgeon trained in America and an equally noted scientist who was perfecting a discovery which would render wounds entirely clean. His ‘square stone s situated on rocks above a narrow beach that was house! wa: outlined with bent pines. Q2. Whywas Dr Sadao not: sentto the battlefield? (AI CBSE 2009) Or Why was Dr Sadao not sent abroad along with the troops? (Delhi2016) Dr Sadao was not sent abroad with the Japanese troops because the General was ailing and could need an operation any time. Besides, Sadao was perfecting a discovery which was likely t© ‘render wounds entirely clean' and his presence in Japan was indispensable to the nation. Q3. How does the writer indicate that Dr Sadao's father wa (Dethi20t) The writer indicates this by telling us that Dr Sadao waited © marry Hana till his father's wish about her pure lineage “’ fulfilled, Besides, the old man never used any chait, cot" io other foreign object in his room. ga very traditional and conventional man?co , va yy, ‘the Enemy 399 gadao “had waited to fall in love with her (Hana), sure she was Japanese." Why did he doso? Or why did Sadao and Hana not get married in America? until he was sadao's father was a traditional Japanese. Sadao loved and respected his father immensely and did not want to annoy him by making a wrong choice. So he waited to confirm Hana's pure Japanese origin and did not marry her in America. . What role did Professor Harley play in bringing Sadao and Hana together? (AI CBSE 2015) Professor Harley played a crucial role, although by chance, in bringing Sadao and Hana together. The couple met for the first time at Prof. Harley's house, a place where Sadao had nearly decided not to go because of small room and bad food. If Prof. Harley would not have been there, the significant first meeting and the subsequent lifelong matrimony would not have happened. : Where, when and how did Dr Sadao meet Hana? (Delhi 2016) Dr Sadao met Hana in America at the house of his teacher, Professor Harley. This was a chance meeting because Sadao had Nearly decided not to go to the Professor's house that night as he did not like their small rooms, bad food and his voluble wife What was his father's chief concern about Dr Sadao? (Dethi2016) Pr Sadao's father's chief concern about him was his education. © devoted all his efforts to help his only son become a well ‘rained doctor. That is why he sent him to America for higher “dies at the age of twenty-two. id Sadao realise twas Sadao's father's dream for him? How di al (AI CBSE 2015)/ . Literature Companion 1p Sadao's father dreamt for his son to become an excellent doctor. Sadao realised this dream by going to America and studying all he could about surgery and medicine. He returned in time for his father to see him become famous not only as a surgeon but also asa scientist. Q9. Who was the 'misty figure' that had been washed ashore in front of Dr Sadao's beach house? How did the doctor and his wife establish his identity? The 'misty figure' was an American prisoner of war who was fatally wounded. Dr Sadao and his wife were able to establish his identity as a U.S. sailor from the faint lettering on his battered cap that spelled 'U.S. Navy’. Q10. Who did Dr Sadao think the survivor from the sea was when he first saw him? (Foreign2015) Dr Sadao thought the survivor from the sea was a fisherman washed from his boat when he first saw him. He thought so because there were fishing villages for a mile or two away on either side. Q11. In what condition did Dr Sadao find the American soldier at the seashore? (AI CBSE 2015) Dr Sadao found the American soldier in a badly wounded condition at the seashore. He was crawling on his hands and knees after having been badly torn by the spiked rocks on the beach. A gun wound on the right side of his lower back had bee" reopened by the battering sea shore. Q12. Why did blood start flowing out of the wounded man as soo" ** Sadao touched the wound with his fingers? The wound had been caused by a gunshot and had not = tended to for quite some time. So, blood started flowin’ oyes: THe Enery ™ from it as soon as Sadao touched it, Besides, the rocks on the shore had torn it further apart and had reopened it. gi. How and why did Dr Sadao stop the bleeding of the injured man on the beach? What dilemma did Dr Sadao and his wife have to face soon after? Dr Sadao immediately packed the wound with the help of wild sea moss to stop the bleeding. Medical and human ethics made him help the injured man. But soon, he and his wife faced the dilemma whether to save the man or to hand him over to the police, for he belonged to an enemy nation. Qi4. What conflict in his mind troubled Dr Sadao when he came to know that the wounded man was an American POW? (Foreign 2016) Dr Sadao was troubled by the conflict about performing his duty to the nation and handing over the injured POW to the Police or performing his duty as a surgeon and saving the life of the badly wounded ‘enemy'. QU. What makes Hana comment, "We must think of the children and your position"? Hana expresses this strong reservation because she fears that the presence of an American prisoner in their house could lead to their arrest on the charge of sedition. It could also bring disrepute to the family and adversely affect the doctor's career 48 well as their childrens’ future. 6. What makes Dr Sadao comment, "This man must have extra- ordinary vitality"? The American prisoner of war was bullet-ridden and his “urvival under such adverse conditions was nothing short of a Miracle, So the doctor rightly observes that the man's 'extra- “rdinary vitality’ helped his survival in spite of gaping wounds and &xcessive bleeding.eS... 402 Literature Companion 13 Q17. Why do you think Hana believes that the man (the American P.O.W)isa'menace, living or dead’? Hana rightly believes the American to be a menace under alj circumstances because his death would signify Dr Sadao’; failure as a surgeon while his survival could lead to their arrest on charges of harbouring anenemy. Q18. How did the old gardener react when Sadao told him about the wounded American sailor? The old gardener got upset and did not want his master to treat the wounded American sailor. He felt that after being shot by the gun and wounded by rocks the man was destined to die. So, if his master went against the dictates of destiny, the gunandsea would avenge their master's disobedience. Q19. "Could it ever be well to help an enemy?" What does your reading of the story "The Enemy" tell you? Viewed from humanitarian grounds, the decision to help an enemy is justified. Even though the servants in the Sadao household were critical of the American's presence, still sheltering, treating and nursing him brought more relief to Dr Sadao than being patriotic would have. Q20. How do the servants react to the decision of Sadaos to keep the American prisoner of war in their house? : Or \ How did the servants react when they realized that Dr Sada0¥* | going to save the life of an enemy? (Foreign20!) The servants react aggressively and threaten to leave if the prisoner was kept hidden in the house. The gardener feels tha" the man should be left to bleed to death while the cook biases theSadaos for failure to distinguish between a friend anda!"Fe vies qa. ww. 3, a, The Enemy 403 why do the domestic servants of the Sadaos strongly react to the American's presence in the house? The domestic servants of Sadaos are simple folk who consider the Americans as their enemies. They believe that no Japanese should help or harbour them. They also fear that helping the American could spell trouble for their master as well as for them. How did Hana wash the wounded man? Why did she have to doit herself? Or (Textual) Why did Hana wash the wounded soldier herself? (Delhi 2012; 2011) Hana untied the knotted rugs and laid bare the man’s chest. She soaked a small clean 'towel' with hot water and washed his face and body carefully until it was quite clean. She washed the wounded soldier herself because Yumi, the children's nurse, had refused to wash the 'dirty white man’. How did Hana help Sadao to treat the US soldier? Why did she help him? Or What help did Dr Sadao seek from Hana while operating on the Wounded white man and why? (Delhi 2010) Hana helped Sadao by assisting him as he operated upon the Wounded US soldier. She cleaned the blood-soaked back of the Patient and stayed by her husband's side till the sight of wound began to nauseate her. Sadao had to seek her help since their Servants had refused to treat an enemy soldier under the “Smpulsion of their patriotic sentiments. Hana had never ever seen an operation before. How did she feel When she saw Sadao probing the soldier's wound? " Seeing Dr Sadao probe the soldier's wounds, Hana felt "Auseated and rushed out to vomit. As a non-medico she couldQ25. Q26. Q27. Q28. ed Literature Compan Mion 7) not keep herself from being affected by the blood oozing ony r wounds while her surgeon husband examined the injury, What forced Dr Sadao to be impatient and irritable with his patient? (AICBSE 2013; 299) Dr Sadao's patient was badly wounded and required immediate surgery. His wife, Hana, was helping him during this when she felt nauseated and ran out to vomit. Dr Sadao could not leave the patient to help his wife and this made him impatient and irritable with his patient. What made a cool surgeon like Sadao speak sharply to his wife and what was her reaction? (AI CBSE 2013) Acool surgeon like Sadao spoke sharply to his wife because she could not control her nausea while assisting her husband during the surgery of the American prisoner. She reacted by putting her hand on her mouth and running out to vomit. "This man....., there is no reason under heaven, why he should live." Why does Dr Sadao make this statement about the American prisoner of war? Dr Sadao makes this statement about the American prisoner of war because he was so badly wounded that saving him was? challenge. Besides, if his presence got detected, his life would be endangered even more. Also, Hana's nauseating during the operation paused the treatment for a while. Whatreason would you ascribe to the General beating his wife? A psychological analysis of the General's personality woul! m inferior so" complex and believes in overprotecting himself. Such @ per 3S, d pelple* reveal that he is a cowardly person suffering fro" tends to exercise his authority on the weak am Probably that is why he beats his wife.an @. 30. Q31. Q32, Ws. The Enemy 405 What did Hana think when she saw the scars on the American? Why did she think so? When Hana noticed that there were deep red scars on the American's neck, she anxiously and very sincerely hoped that he had not been tortured. She thought so because she was a kind-hearted lady and shuddered at the thought of any physical violence. Do you agree with the observation of the American professor, "Ignorance of the human body is the surgeon's cardinal sin"? I do agree with this observation since a surgeon's main field of activity is the human body. If he does not have its thorough knowledge, he has no right to operate on it; and if he operates without knowing the body, itis just like committing a murder. Why does Dr Sadao mutter the words 'My friend’ while treating the American prisoner of war? What is ironical about his words? (Sample Paper 2013) Dr Sadao mutters the words ‘My friend’ because doctors are trained to talk to their patients to elicit response from them and to comfort them. However, these words are ironical here because Dr Sadao's patient is actually from an enemy country. Give details of the two things that happened on the seventh day after the wounded American was brought into the house by Sadaos, (Foreign 2015 Modified) On the seventh day two important things happened. In the Morning, all the servants gathered their belongings and departed without having discharged their duties. In the afternoon, Hana saw a messenger from the General enter their house in uniform. * Why did a messenger come to call Sadao? What did Hana think about the visit of the messenger? Or (AI CBSE 2010)Q34, Q35, Q36. T'S Literature Companion 1 How did Hana react when she saw a messen; ger at the door in official uniform? (Foreign 2013) The messenger had called on Dr Sadao to inform him that the old General was in pain again and needed his care. However, Hana thought that the servants had betrayed them and the messenger had come to arrest them for sheltering an American, This made her feel weak and she could not draw her breath. Why does the General not want to be treated by a doctor trained in Germany? According to the General, the Germans are ruthless and don't care much about human life whereas the Americans are sentimental and value life. So he prefers Dr Sadao both for his dexterity asa surgeon and his humaneness, How did the General offer to help Sadao getrid of the American? Or What secret plan did the General have about the American soldier staying under the care of. Sadao? (AI CBSE 2008) Or How did the General plan to getrid of the American POW? (Foreign 2016) The General offered to send his own Private assassins to Sadao's house to get rid of the American and dispose off the body. He further informed that the assassins were capable, and would kill the man by causing internal bleeding without much aid and noise, What is an absolute state? Why was it necessary for the rulers to keep assassins? An absolute state is an autocratic dictatorial state ruled bY ° despot (a ruler with absolute power) where opposition of 4° kind is not tolerated, It was necessary for the rulers to keeP— vas Te EY ~ assassins to silence any type of discontent or opposition against their dictates. yt. After recovering, when the American prisoner asks the doctor, "What are you going to do with me?", do you think the doctor's answer was any consolation for him? After recovery, the American prisoner was justifiably concerned about his fate, but the doctor's non-committal answer — "I don't know"-was no consolation for him. The vague reply was far from satisfactory and must have kept the young man on tenterhooks. 38. After the General's assurance of getting the American prisoner slain, the doctor should have felt relieved, but he spends sleepless nights. How do you account for his behaviour? After the General's assurance of getting the American prisoner slain, the doctor should have felt relieved, but he spends sleepless nights because his conscience pricks him and his heart Teproaches him for 'betraying' his patient. Subconsciously, he Wishes for the white man's survival. % Why was Sadao not able to talk tothe General about the assassins forquite sometime? Dr Sadao was not able to speak to the General about the “Ssassins as he had been operated upon. However, when the | eral recovered after a week, there was no need to talk about them as the American prisoner had already been helped to "scape, BPO UND: Sach capac that the Ace sean cals Let his house “the himself remained safe and secure? (Welhi2012) 2 ensured that the American -_ left his house by : tl for his escape. He provided him a boat with food, “8 and some essentials like a flashlight to be used to signal “uble, He himself remained safe by telling the General a week408 Literature Companion 12 later about this escape because he knew that he would Not disclose it to anyone for the sake of his own well-being. . How did Dr Sadao getrid of theenemy soldier? —_ (Foreign 2099) DrSadao got rid of the enemy soldier by planning his escape. He arranged for him a boat, food, clothes, and flashlight - to signal in case of trouble. He instructed him to go to a nearby island and wait for a Korean boat to run away further. Q42. Why did the General spare the American soldier? (AI CBSE 2009) Q43. Q44. The General spared the American soldier so that Dr Sadao could be out of trouble and free to attend to him. He did so by feigning to forget about his assurance to send assassins to kill the American and not out of generosity. Could Dr Sadao be arrested on charge of harbouring an enemy? Why/Why not? Or Why did Sadao feel that the General was in the palm of his hand? Dr Sadao could not be arrested on charge of harbouring an enemy because he was indispensable for the General's well- being. He knew that the General was in the palm of his hand because if he were arrested and tried for sheltering an enemy, the General, in his own interest, would make sure that no harm comes to Dr Sadao. Gazing out to the sea from where the young man had come, Sadao was reminded of some other white men he had known. Who wer they and what did Sadao remember about them? The white men whom Dr Sadao remembered while gazing the sea from where the young man had come were the dull Professor Harley and his silly talkative wife; his anato™Y professor who insisted on "mercy with the knife" and his fat a"° slatternly landlady.a vis nemy gas: TH (10 be answered in about 150 words each) ig ONG ANSWER QUESTIONS { (A) Textual Questions (Including Value Based Questions) } gi. There are moments in life when we have to make hard choices between our roles as private individuals and as citizens with a sense of national loyalty. Discuss with reference to the story "The Enemy". Or The values of humanity and universal brotherhood transcend even the sentiments of patriotism and national unity. Discuss with reference to the conduct of Dr. Sadao and Hana in"The Enemy". (Value Based) Sometimes an individual finds himself face to face with the predicament of choosing between the needs of a helpless person and his duties towards his country. Dr Sadao faces a similar dilemma. As a patriotic Japanese, he is expected to surrender the American fugitive to the police. But the humane aspect of his Personality, nurtured by his training as a doctor, cannot allow the wounded Tom to die in absence of treatment. Hana, too, is filled with kindness to the brim - a sentiment which transcends Patriotism and the narrow vision of duty towards nation. She verpowers the urge to be ruthless to the wounded American and allows the value of humanity to prevail. Thus the head and the heart are at war for both Dr Sadao and his Wife, Ultimately their heart overcomes all other considerations and they decide to save the POW's life. This choice speaks Volumes about their humanenessand in no way does it spell out . ny lack of patriotism in them. DrSadao Was compelled by his duty as a doctor to help the enemy Soldier, What made Han a, his wife, sympathetic to him in the face °fopen defiance from the domestic staff? (AICBSE 2011)410 Q3. S Literature Comp, im Or What values made Hana, the doctor's wife, sympathetic tg Ton despite the conflict in his mind and the open defiance from the domestic staff? (Value Base, Dr. Sadao's compulsion of saving the enemy soldier Ws professionally justifiable; but Hana apparently had no such compulsion. Still, certain values nurtured by her made her uphold the decision of her husband and support hisaction. Firstly, her love and loyalty towards her husband and her faith in him made her approve his decision. Secondly, and more importantly, women instinctively are preservers and not destroyers. After all, there is a mother in every woman and mothers can't be killers. Also, Hana is an educated woman and her logical assessments bound to differ from the jingoistic attitude of her domestt servants. So, she too is justifiably sympathetic towards te prisoner of war in spite of vehement objections and defian‘? the servants and the risks involved. Her sensitivity and val® of kindness and merciful attitude make her get over all bet Prejudices and treat 'the enemy’ with all possible kindness a hospitality. Why was Tom reluctant to leave the sheltered nook of the deat house, even though he knew that his stay could be injusioo” the interest of the Sadao family and bring harm tothe dost Or How would you explain the reluctance of the soldier ae shelter of the doctor's home even when he knew he coul there without risk to the doctor ‘and himself? é Self preservation is the basic instinct of all livin ae of Hence, the sailor feels that once he leaves the shelter :a a]. wei ‘The Enemy 4u1 the doctor's house he will expose himself to inclement weather, ruthless spiked surfs, hostile bullets, torture, gallows etc. because he has no place to go toin an alien country. It might also just be possible that he has sensed the importance and influence of Dr Sadao and considers him the best Person who can ensure his safety. Besides, he is impressed with Dr Sadao's and Hana's essential kindness and has come to believe that the couple cannot harm him or hand him over to Police. Moreover, Dr Sadao's house is on the beach and therefore the most convenient place to affect an escape whenever possible. However, his concern for self-preservation makes him forget that his reluctance to leave the doctor's shelter can be injurious tothe interest of the Sadaos. Whatare your views about the indifferent attitude of the General towards the presence of the American prisoner of war in the doctor's house? Or What explains the attitude of the General in the matter of the enemy soldier? Was it human consideration, lack of national loyalty, dereliction of duty or simply self-absorption? (Foreign 2010; AI CBSE 2011) The General is an eccentric fellow, absolutely preoccupied with himself, He is a ruthless army officer who even beats his wife. Thus, it is surprising to see him not send his private assassins to kill the American prisoner harboured by Dr Sadao. | think the General chooses to ignore the elimination of the American because firstly, he knows the importance of Dr Sadao ‘ins to 'orhis own survival and therefore does not want his “ccidentally harm him. Secondly, he knows that Dr Sadao is a "an of very high principles and a patriot to the core. He will Never allow any anti-national activity at his place.412 Q5. Ts ee Literature Compan ion However, it is unlikely that dereliction of duty, lack patriotism, human consideration or his American ome are responsible for the General's benign attitude. It is Partly Fa selfish interest, senile decay and recent surgery that make him feign forgetfulness in sending assassins to eliminate the Prisoner While hatred against a member of the enemy race is justifiable, especially during wartime, what makes a human being rise above narrow prejudices? Or Despite their bitter experiences in America, Sadao and Hana exhibited extraordinary kindness towards 'the enemy’. How do they reflect the human potential to discard the negative values of prejudice and discrimination? (Value Based) Or How did Dr Sadao rise above narrow prejudices of race and (Delhi 2009) country to help a human being in need? Hatred in not instinctive but is acquired and is hence never justifiable. Dr Sadao and Hana's rising above narrow prejudices to help the American prisoner reflect the human potential to discard negative values. Their ability to do so came from their large-heartedness. Dr Sadao was a kind man dedicated to his profession of saving lives. His sense of morality, ethics and humanity overpowers! his hatred, and pseudo-sense of patriotism. Although he ee wife had been subjected to hatred and indifference in wae ‘ they did not want to follow a 'tit for tat' policy. Instead, sate Tapani wanted the American to taste and appreciate ns a . ' ious hospitality and generosity. Besides, the mysteriow prison affinity and synergy between them and the American judices- made the Sadao couple overcome narrow prejudice— 413 ys: The Enemy vist Had there been more Sadaos with ethical values during the World Wars, the course of history would have been altogether different. 9. How do you react to the doctor's final solution to the problem of the presence of the American fugitive in his house? Or Do you think Dr Sadao's final decision was the best possible one inthe circumstances? Or (Delhi 2013) Dr Sadao faced a dilemma. Should he use his surgical skills to save the life of a wounded person or hand an escaped American POW over to the Japanese police? How did he resolve this clash of values? (AI CBSE 2015) The job of a doctor is to save lives and not to destroy them. That's why Dr Sadao started feeling restless after the General Promised to send his personal assassins to kill the American. After three days and nights of torturing suspense, he resolved this clash of values by planning Tom's escape. This decision to help the American fugitive escape and thus solve the problem of unintended treachery to nation leaves us in deep admiration of the doctor's character. After all, America and Japan were at war and not Tom and Dr. Sadao. Getting the POW arrested and thus leading to his further torture or ruthless Killing would have left the sensible doctor repenting and feeling Builty for the rest of his life. Besides, this act of kindness makes the doctor the mouthpiece of the author who tries to convey the message of peace, love, tolerance, amity and brotherhood. * Is there any film you have seen or novel you have read with a Similar theme? One can find indirect similarity between the Indian movie "Veera asennad ae a 414 Literature Companion Zaara" and the story "The Enemy". "The Enemy" has Secong World Waras its backdrop while the movie is based in India an, ‘i Pakistan, two countries inimical towards each other. Like the doctor, Squadron leader Veer Pratap Singh of Indian Air Force, a rescue pilot, risks his life to save a Pakistani girl Zaara, stranded in India. Just as the American prisoner of war is saved and brought home by the doctor, the pilot also brings home this girland she is looked after well by his family. The pilot's landing in Pakistani jail and languishing there for about twenty years is parallel to the ruthlessness shown by Germans during the war. The welcome accorded to Zaara in India may be seen as equivalent to American sensibility talked about by the General inthe story. Finally, getting the pilot relea: to India by the Pakistani lawyer Samya the DrSadao'sact of saving the American sailor's | a { (B) Additional Ques| ions (Inclu ag Value Based Questions jarrate his experiences (AICBSE. 2012; 2013) te wish DY Sadao Hoki went to America to fulfil his father's wish by r there. However’ the awasnot sed from jail and sending him back Sadiqui stands similar to ife. Q8. Why did Sadao Hoki go to America? N there. studying surgery and medicine ove! ys of his stay in Am ding @ ed acest Ne jandiady who let experience during the initial da ene live very positive. He had to face difficulty in fin place” because the Americans were prejudic ‘Americans. Gradually, he was accepted by his | whet him live in her pitiable house. She even looked after him = is stu! fe lista Gem infiuenza in the last yee" his ind Ss m well and De I Professor Harley, his teacher, too taught hi theit 5 to him. But he did not like the smell of their food,ee Gg vistas Qi0. «The Enemy a5 room, and his talkative wife. Still, he got the wonderful opportunity of meeting his future wife, Hana, at their home only. The American experience thus made Sadao a more skilled doctor and a more adaptable person. Dr Sadao was a patriotic Japanese as well as a dedicated surgeon. How could he honour both the values? (Delhi 2015) Dr Sadao could honour both the values of patriotism and dedication to his profession as a surgeon by first saving the life of the injured and helpless American POW and then sending him away to safety. Upholding his patriotic values he did not harbour the enemy after the latter recovered. Besides, he shared this fact with the General, who was a high ranked official of the Japanese army. But when the General offered to send his assassins to kill the American and thus get rid of him, Dr Sadao exhibited the value of humanity and planned his safe escape. He chose not to inform the General till a week had passed after the escape of the POW. Earlier, he took good care of the 'enemy' by not allowing any prejudices to influence his decisions as a surgeon. He even tolerated the non-cooperation of his servants and discomfort to his family while upholding his values as a dedicated surgeon. "The kindest thing would be to put him (the P.OW.) back into the sea," says Hana. What are your comments regarding Hana's Statement? Hana's sound reasoning tells her that if they take the fatally wounded American sailor home it is going to create irresolvable problems for them. His presence 1m their house will make the authorities view them with suspicion and Sadao might be put behind bars, which would bring shame to the family's name and would also cause a great deal of humiliation to her husband. 1%)416 Qi1. Literature Companion 1p Once captured and taken by the authorities, he is bound to be nd finally executed. The doctor's patriotism woylq if the prisoner of war is pushed back e that has been decided for him tortured ai also be questioned. Thus, into the sea, he will meet the fat by the Almighty. Good luck might see him through and the Sadaos might also be saved from embarrassment and a multitude of other problems. So, Hana's initial reaction of throwing the prisoner of war back into thesea sounds logical. Describe the mental state of Dr Sadao during the three nights when he was waiting for the private assassins of the General. Do you approve of hisrestlessness during the period? Dr Sadao's mental state during the three nights waiting for the private assassins of the General to kill the American was perhaps the most excruciating experience of his life. He had sought the General's help because he was burdened withasense of guilt at having shielded an enemy. He did not want to see him killed so, accepting the General's offer to eliminate the prisone" gave DrSadao sleepless nights. On the first night, he kept imagining the rustling footsteps of the assassins or the sound of a twig breaking or a stone getting displaced in the garden. The second night was quite windy and he could hear the sound of bending boughs and whistling pattitions. The quiet rain on the third night filled the g24°" with sounds of dripping eaves and running springs- pr sadae had some sleep and felt a little better on this night bu" bid sudden sound of acrash wi This nervousness and enn _ from? , iely are an expected response sensible and noble individual like him.are vistas : The Enemy 417 12. How did Dr Sadao help the American Prisoner to escape? What precautions did he want the man to take? Or Why did Sadao help the American soldier to escape? How did he doit? Or (AI CBSE 2012) How did Dr Sadao help the American POW to escape? What humanitarian values do you find in this act? (Foreign 2015) Sadao possessed the values of kindness, humanity and compassion. So, after disclosing the POW's presence to the General, he knew that an extended stay increased the risk to the soldier's life. So he helped him to escape and thus save him. On the evening of the escape, after it got dark, Sadao dragged out his stout boat down to the shore, put food, bottled water and two quilts in it and tied it to a post in water. He gave the American his personal flashlight advising him to signal two flashes at the instant when the sun dropped over the horizon, in case he ran out of food. He warned him not to signal in darkness. He also instructed him to eat raw fish only, for a fire could also arouse suspicion. He then told him to row to a particular island and wait for a Korean fishing boat. Finally, he wrapped a black cloth about his blonde hair and dressed him in Japanese clothes. By Paying attention to every little detail of the escape-plan, Dr Sadao exhibited humanitarian values as well as his commitment to save the American. Qs, How did the arrival of the prisoner destroy the peace of Sadao’s home? (Delhi 2015) The arrival of the prisoner topsy-turvied the Sadao household. They had to place the wounded man in Dr Sadao’s father’s bedroom Bainst the tradition of a devout Japanese who would not let in anything foreign during his life. The disclosure of the prisoner'sns 418 Qu. Literature Companion 13 identity led to rebellion of the servants of Sadaos and the entire burden of household chores fell upon Hana. The Sadaos lost their peace of mind, for they were under the constant fear of being caught for harbouring an enemy. On some occasions Dr Sadao lost his cool and talked impatiently to Hana who had been his pillar of strength all through. The dilemma of nursing an injured man back to health and handing over an enemy to the authorities challenged the conscience of the Sadao couple and destroyed the peace of their house. What efforts were made by Dr Sadao and Hana to save the life of the injured man? (Sample Paper 2015) Sadao and Hana left no stone unturned while trying to save the life of the injured man. On finding the white man badly wounded on the sea-shore both Sadao and Hana rescued him. Dr Sadao immediately tried to stanch the gun wound by packing it with sea-moss. Both Sadao and Hana gave shelter to this man even after discovering that he was an American POW. Next, they went against their family tradition and carried the bleeding prisoner to Dr Sadao's father's bedroom. Hana decided to wash the prisoner before Dr Sadao got down to treat him. She sought Yumi's (the nursemaid) help for this task but had to do it all alone because Yumi refused to help after Hana disclosed the patient's identity to her. Then Sadao sought Hana's help to give anesthetic to the man while he operated upon him. This was very difficult for Hana as she felt nauseate’ on seeing the oozing wounds. Still she assisted her husband" later took good care of the prisoner till he recovered. Dr Sadao realised that prolonging the man's stay in their house would risk his life, so he helped him to escape by providing him wi" boat, food, water, clothes and other essentials required till sailed out of danger.— asi Enemy 419 c 15. A negative value of hatred for the enemy initially interfered with Dr Sadao's instinctive urge to rescue the helpless, wounded American. What was it that eventually made him treat the wounded soldier and help him escape to safety instead of waiting, Q for him to be killed by the General's assassins? (Value Based) As the American prisoner of war got washed to Dr Sadao's house in a very serious and pitiable state, the doctor instinctively tried to stanch his bleeding, while wondering about the best way of dealing with this enemy. The values of patriotism and his love for his countrymen directed him to put ‘the enemy' back into the sea, but his humaneness prompted him to deal with him as mercifully as a doctor deals with his patients. Eventually, he brought him to his house and treated him with his wife's assistance. Protests from his servants, his logical thinking and his hatred for the enemy urged him to hand the sailor over to the police but the goodness of his heart stopped him. When he took his problem to the General who Promised to send his assassins to eliminate him, his conscience Pricked him giving him a very restless time. This continuous mental-debate eventually ended when he planned the escape of Tom, the prisoner. 16. What opinion do you form about Dr Sadao Hoki's father after reading the story? Or How can you say that Dr. Sadao's father was a patriot? DrSadao's father loved his country and was every inch a patriot. Looking at the islands on the South Seas, he would always tell his son that, they were "the stepping, stones to the future of Japan." He was a great supporter of those who worked for increasing the produce of the country. He was a serious and Stern man and ‘never joked or played'. However he ‘took infinite pains' regarding Sadao's education and sent him to420 PU Literature Companion 13 America for higher studies. Dr Sadao revered him and ‘dig everything his father said.’ Dr Sadao took great care to honour his father's devotion to his culture and tradition by confirming Hana's Japanese origin prior to the marriage. His father saw to it that the marriage was organised and arranged in the old Japanese style. His love of Japan and Japanese values becomes clear from the fact that he neither sat on a chair nor slept on a foreign bed all through his life. Q17. General Takima's character is a true representation of the corrupt Q18. people who happen to enjoy power. Discuss. It wouldn't be wrong to say about General Takima that for him, ‘charity begins at home’. Even though the Second World War was in its full fury and a doctor with the calibre of Dr Sadao would have been a boon for the wounded soldiers on the front; he was kept back only because the General needed his services. Like corrupt but powerful people, the General was concerned only about his own well-being. That is why he remains unaffected by the sailor's escape because the interests of his nation are the last things on his mind. His rumoured wife-beains episodes further make hima representation of corruption. generates The General's ‘unusual sense of humour’, however, t the the reader's interest. It is revealed when he talks abou! German ruthlessness and American sentimentality. His view ; . >, . rion about the doctors trained in Germany to ‘consider the operatio successful, even if the patient died’ are also interesting. mindset of The servants of Sadao and Hana reflect a particular : the general public in society towards the thinking and os fthe story = minded human beings. Elaborate with the help 0 018) : paper? Enemy". (Sample Pap'Ma Sa iy vistas Qs, The Enemy 421 The servants of Sadao are simple minded people incapable of original thinking. They internalise thoughts fed to them in the name of patriotism, When Hana requests Yumi to wash the wounded man, she answers bluntly, 'I have never washed a white man' and 'will not wash so dirty aonenow'. Their conservative attitude has an undercurrent of the fear of punishment. Self-preservation is a natural phenomenon amongst all living creatures and the servants are no exception. Hana, although educated in America, also has a mind set that iscommon in society towards thinking and broad-minded human beings. She does agree with Sadao to rescue the wounded prisoner but with the intention of handing him over to the police. She does not wish to risk the position of her husband and the lives of their children. She even urges Sadao not to save the wounded man. Of course, the situation changes later with Hana assisting Sadao innursing the patient and even the servants returning back. Still the particular mind set displayed by these people shows that general public stands against broad minded human beings like DrSadao Hoki. Describe the traits of the character of the American Prisoner of ar in light of his accidental meeting with Dr Sadao. Tom appears to be the darling of destiny's eyes that saves him fromall odds, He braves the bullet, furious waves and rocks and pura ashore ii haat Ga uty-conscious and a dow nright Professional sur; geon. Thus, even the ruthless Japanese shore become: S his best friend, Torture, Suffering and hunger make him skeletal, buteven in his “Nconscious state he has a strong, indomitable will. Dr Sadao's hat the man has ‘extraordinary vitality’ and thy observations tt Thi f hisman willlive in spite of all hintat this trait at Teyana422 Q20. Q21. Hana is inherently a wise woman with values of complete dev Literature Companion 13 On gaining consciousness, he is rightly fearful as he knows he is in enemy territory. Full of genuine terror he asks the doctor, 'Whatare you going to do with me?! His remaining alive is nothing short of a miracle. The doctor acts as an angel for him and saves his life by making his escape possible. Based on your reading of the chapter "The Enemy" what impression do you form about Dr Sadao as a man and as a surgeon? (AI CBSE 2012) Dr Sadao was a noble soul with exceptional qualities of head and heart. He revered his father a lot and his decision to wait for his future wife's pure lineage shows this. He valued his wife's opinion. Instances like seeking her approval before bringing the wounded prisoner in and accepting her suggestion about revealing the American's presence to the servants highlight this quality. His exemplary scientific prowess is reflected by the fact that he was ‘perfecting a discovery’ aimed at rendering wounds absolutely clean. The General's unfailing faith in his skills speaks volumes for his efficiency. As a surgeon, he was very meticulous. The precision with which he extracts the bullet from the wounded man's body is remarkable. The restlessness he experiences towards the end of the story: while waiting for the elimination of the prisoner, reflect his tender heart. His helping the prisoner in escaping further asserts his goodness. The servants' returning after the departure of the American proves that people had immense regard for him. tion and honest commitment. The writer projects her concept f° ideal woman through this character. Elaborate. (Value Base)visas : The Enemy 423 Pearl S. Buck projects her own conce; Pt of an ideal woman through Hana's characte: T. Hana's complete devotion and honest commitment is reflecte din the duties she dispenses as a perfect homemaker capable of f switching over to any role with ease. She deftly balances the responsibilities o companion, a wife, and the lady of the house. servants decide to leave, f a perfect When her she takes over charge as a governess and the kitchen-maid with efficiency. She takes a balanced and humane view about the wounded American. Her active participation in all vital decisions elucidate her Presence of mind, confidence and determination. She joins hands with her husband rendering all possible help in operating upon the prisoner. She carries herself with dignity while dealing with her irate and Tevolting servants and is magnanimous enough to make Payment of their wages instantly. In sum, we see her as the perfect wife, a capable and devoted companion and a skilled homemaker. Q22. Whatis the theme of the story 'The Enemy"? Or There is a fine line between patriotism and becoming inhumane. Comment. Or "The Enemy" is a story of conflict between man's inherent humaneness and the hatred and prejudices created by pseudo- Nationalism and war. Elaborate. "The Enemy" is a story that challenges the validity of narrow- Nationalism which stifles feelings of love and compassion Tom, an American POW, is washed ashore ina badly wounded “endition, in front of a Japanese doctor's beach-side house, The doctor wants to and can save his life but hesitates when he424 Literature Companion y discovers the prisoner's nationality. Thankfully his Conscience and professional ethics get the better of his patriotism ang a saves the prisoner but still runs the risk of being punished as , traitor. He struggles with his guilt after agreeing to the General's plan of eliminating the sailor. He spends three restless nights and finally lets humaneness rise above everything else He heaves a sigh of relief when the prisoner escapes safely and keeps wondering why he couldn't bring himself to kill anenemy. Thus, the story underscores the illogicality of war. Italso suggests that people of the world are inherently the same. Hence, the best way to'kill'an enemy is to befriend him. Q23. Comment on the appropriateness of the title "The Enemy". Or The story "The Enemy" couldn't have a better title. Elaborate. Or Give your views on the aptness of the title of the story. "The Enemy' is an apt title for the story that has Second World War as the background. The political situation at that time had made America and Japan sworn enemies. The writer weaves episodes to set the reader thinking about the concept of ‘enemy’ ‘patriotism’, and the validity of war. The servants in Dr Sadao's house vehemently protest against the presence of the American enemy to the extent that they severe their long standing relationship with the Sadaos over this issue. The Sadao couple too considers Tom to be their enemy and is initially reluctant to help him. However, they have @ proader and more generous view of life, and in spite of reservation . . “atic mental conflicts and various other odds, they take 4 humanist stop as 2 view. But although the doctor treats the American sailor 4 f - friend patient, still, neither he nor his wife consider him to be the" frie! =~— jas; The Enemy 425 visti However, the writer's efforts succeed in forcing the reader to re-describe an 'enemy'. 24. What messages do you draw fromthe story? "The Enemy" is a story unfolding many messages. It is an Anti- War Story that urges the reader to question the validity of conflicts over territories. It de-glorifies war and awakens feelings against the horrors of war. At another level the story also conveys the message that if at all war becomes inevitable, one should not let the negative sentiment of hatred overpower the positivity of humaneness. The soldier at the front, suffering the bullets should be treated as a human being first and an enemy later. After all, it is not the fault of the particular warring individual if he belongs to the enemy camp. Kindness is the key word that Pearl S. Buck showers on Tom through her mouthpiece - the Sadao family. The story also gives the message that service of the wounded and ailing is the best example of patriotism. The doctors of the world should rise above nationality, religion, cast or creed to utilize their specialised training to serve mankind. 25. You have received a letter from your friend asking you how you would have treated the 'enemy' had you been in Dr. Sadao's Place. Write a suitable reply to himyher in about 150 words. (Value Based) (Date) (Address) Dear Zoya It is indeed very difficult to anticipate one's reaction to hypothetical situations. Still, I feel, had I been in Dr. Sadao's Place, faced with the conflict of whether to hand over the enemy426 Q26. Q27, Se Literature Companion 1 to the police or to treat him and help him escape to safety, | too, would have done what the kind doctor did. Of course, it would be very difficult to take such a decision keeping in view the reports about the inflicting of atrocities on our fellow-men by the enemy. But under such circumstances as Dr. Sadao was faced with, I too would keep hatred and prejudices at bay. I would be loyal to my profession and faithful to all those positive qualities ingrained inme by my parents. I'm sure these values would not let me stoop down or fail to help a life created by God. So, dear Zoya, I too would treat 'the enemy' with kindness, forit would give me professional satisfaction and clarity of conscience. Yours (Name) Hana comes across as the perfect woman. Well educated, cultured, a devoted wife and mother, a kind mistress, patriotic and humane - she Tepresents an ideal for the modern woman. Inspired by her Personality, prepare a speech for the Women's Day on the profound Potential of women in the contemporary times. Cite examples of such admirablewomen. (Value Based) Imagine you are the American sailor. You managed to get # Korean boat and reach home safe. Write a diary entY highlighting the Sadaos' kind heartedness, magnanimity anda! other qualities that you were impressed with. (Value Bet aot