Oriental Institute of Science & Technology, Bhopal

Department of Computer Science & Business System

Assignment I

Semester: VII Subject Code: CB702

Subject Name: IT Workshop Skylab/ Matlab

Q1. What is MATLAB? Describe its applications?

Ans. MATLAB, which stands for "MATrix LABoratory," is a high-level programming language and
interactive environment primarily used for numerical computing, data analysis, and scientific and
engineering applications. Developed by MathWorks, MATLAB provides a wide range of built-in
functions, toolboxes, and graphical capabilities that make it a powerful tool for various tasks. Here
are some of the key aspects and applications of MATLAB:

Applications of MATLAB:

1. Mathematics and Computation: MATLAB is widely used for performing mathematical

calculations, computations, and numerical simulations. It supports a variety of
mathematical operations, including linear algebra, calculus, optimization, and differential
equations.

2. Data Analysis and Visualization: MATLAB is a popular choice for data analysis and
visualization. It allows users to import, preprocess, and analyze data, as well as create
informative plots, charts, and graphs. This makes it valuable in fields like statistics, finance,
and data science.

3. Engineering and Simulation: MATLAB is extensively used in engineering disciplines for

modeling and simulating complex systems. It is employed in the design and analysis of
control systems, signal processing, image processing, and communication systems.

4. Machine Learning and Deep Learning: MATLAB offers toolboxes and libraries for machine
learning and deep learning applications. Researchers and data scientists use it for
developing and training machine learning models, including neural networks.

5. Image and Signal Processing: MATLAB is commonly used for image and signal processing
tasks. It allows users to enhance images, filter signals, perform feature extraction, and
analyze multimedia data.
 6. Simulink: MATLAB's companion tool, Simulink, is a graphical environment for modeling,
simulating, and analyzing dynamic systems. It is widely used in control system design,
automotive engineering, and aerospace applications.

7. Computational Biology and Bioinformatics: MATLAB is employed in bioinformatics for

analyzing biological data, sequencing, and performing statistical analysis. It helps
researchers understand complex biological processes.

8. Academic and Educational: MATLAB is widely used in educational institutions to teach

concepts in mathematics, engineering, physics, and other scientific disciplines. It is a
valuable tool for students and educators alike.

9. Financial Modeling: MATLAB is used for financial modeling, risk analysis, and portfolio
optimization in the finance industry. Quantitative analysts use it to develop algorithms for
trading and investment strategies.

10. Robotics and Control Systems: MATLAB is used to design and control robots and robotic
systems. It aids in modeling and simulating robot behavior and motion planning.

11. Aerospace and Defense: MATLAB is used for modeling and simulation in aerospace and
defense applications, including aircraft design, radar systems, and missile guidance.

12. Energy and Renewable Resources: MATLAB is employed in energy-related research and
development, including modeling and optimizing power systems, renewable energy
sources, and smart grid technologies.

13. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): MATLAB is used in GIS applications for spatial data
analysis, mapping, and geospatial modeling.

14. Environmental Science: MATLAB helps researchers analyze environmental data, model
ecological systems, and simulate environmental phenomena.

Q2 How to write functions in MATLAB and Explain How to call a function in

MATLAB?

Ans. In MATLAB, you can create and use functions to modularize your code,
promote reusability, and make your code more organized. Here's how to
write functions in MATLAB and how to call them:

Writing Functions in MATLAB:

1. Create a New Function File:

 • MATLAB functions are typically stored in separate .m files. You
can create a new function file using MATLAB's built-in editor or
an external text editor.

• The function file should have the same name as the function it
defines.

2. Define the Function:

• Start the function file with the function keyword followed by the
output arguments and the function name. For example:

matlab

function result = myFunction(input1, input2)

• List the input arguments in parentheses after the function name.

3. Add Function Body:

• Write the MATLAB code that defines the functionality of your

function within the body of the function. This code can involve
calculations, operations, or other MATLAB functions.

4. Return Values:

• Use the return statement to specify what values the function

should return. For example:

matlab

result = input1 + input2;

5. End the Function:

• End the function file with the end keyword.

Here's an example of a complete MATLAB function:

matlab
function result = addNumbers(a, b) % This function adds two numbers and
returns the result. result = a + b; end

Calling a Function in MATLAB:

Once you've defined a function, you can call it from the MATLAB command
window or from other scripts or functions. Here's how to call a function:

1. Open MATLAB:

• Launch MATLAB and ensure that the directory containing your

function file is in the current working directory or add the
directory to the MATLAB path.

2. Syntax for Calling a Function:

• To call a function, use the function's name followed by

parentheses, specifying any required input arguments within the
parentheses. For example:

matlab

result = addNumbers(5, 7);

• In this example, addNumbers is the name of the function, and 5

and 7 are the input arguments.

3. Capture the Return Value:

• If the function returns values, assign the returned value(s) to a

variable. In the example above, result captures the return value
of the addNumbers function.

4. Display or Use the Result:

• You can now use or display the result in MATLAB. For instance,
you can use disp(result) to display the result in the command
window.
Q3. Explain the Features of MATLAB.
Ans. MATLAB (MATrix LABoratory) is a versatile and powerful programming
and numerical computing environment widely used in various fields such as
engineering, science, mathematics, and finance. It offers a range of features
that make it a popular choice for data analysis, algorithm development,
simulation, and more. Here are some of the key features of MATLAB:
1. High-Level Programming Language:
• MATLAB provides a high-level programming language that is
easy to learn and use, making it accessible to users with diverse
backgrounds, including those without extensive programming
experience.
2. Interactive Environment:
• MATLAB offers an interactive environment where users can
execute commands, run scripts, and develop code incrementally.
This interactive approach is helpful for exploration and rapid
development.
3. Rich Built-in Functionality:
• MATLAB comes with an extensive library of built-in functions
and toolboxes for various domains, including signal processing,
image processing, optimization, and statistics. These functions
save time and effort by providing pre-written code for common
tasks.
4. Numerical and Matrix Operations:
• MATLAB excels in performing numerical and matrix
computations. It can handle large datasets and matrices
efficiently, making it suitable for linear algebra, calculus, and
statistical analysis.
5. Data Visualization:
• MATLAB offers powerful data visualization capabilities,
including 2D and 3D plotting, graphing, and charting tools. Users
can create publication-quality plots to visualize data and results.
6. Multi-Domain Support:
 • MATLAB is versatile and applicable in various domains,
including engineering, physics, biology, finance, and more. Its
flexibility allows users to adapt it to different applications.
7. Parallel Computing:
• MATLAB supports parallel computing, enabling users to harness
the power of multicore processors and clusters to speed up
computations for computationally intensive tasks.
8. Toolboxes and Add-Ons:
• MATLAB provides a wide range of specialized toolboxes and
add-ons for specific applications, such as Simulink for simulation
and control systems, Image Processing Toolbox for image
analysis, and more.
9. Interoperability:
• MATLAB supports integration with other programming
languages like C, C++, Python, and Java. This enables users to
leverage external libraries and code when needed.
10.GUI Development:
• MATLAB allows users to create graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
for their applications using the MATLAB GUI Development
Environment. This is useful for building user-friendly
applications.
11.Scripting and Automation:
• Users can write scripts and automate repetitive tasks in
MATLAB, streamlining workflows and increasing productivity.
12.Documentation and Help:
• MATLAB provides extensive documentation, including help files
and examples, to assist users in learning and using the software
effectively. Additionally, the MATLAB community and online
resources offer support and solutions to common issues.
13.Cross-Platform Compatibility:
• MATLAB is available for multiple operating systems, including
Windows, macOS, and Linux, ensuring compatibility across
different platforms.
 14.Education and Research:
• MATLAB is widely used in educational institutions for teaching
and research purposes. It helps students and researchers in
various fields conduct experiments, analyze data, and develop
algorithms.
15.Application Deployment:
• MATLAB Compiler allows users to package MATLAB
applications and share them with others who may not have
MATLAB installed, making it suitable for deploying custom
solutions.

Q4. How to create a matrix in MATLAB? Explain it.

Ans. In MATLAB, you can create matrices using several methods. Matrices in
MATLAB can be 1D (vectors), 2D (matrices), or multidimensional (arrays).
Here, I'll explain how to create 2D matrices, which are the most common
type.

Method 1: Direct Assignment

1. Using the Assignment Operator: You can create a matrix by directly

assigning values to it using the assignment operator =. Here's an
example of creating a 2x3 matrix:

matlab

A = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6];

In this example, A is a 2x3 matrix with elements ranging from 1 to 6.

Method 2: Functions for Special Matrices

1. Zeros Matrix: You can create a matrix filled with zeros using the zeros
function. For example, to create a 3x4 matrix of zeros:

matlab

B = zeros(3, 4);
 2. Ones Matrix: Similarly, you can create a matrix filled with ones using
the ones function:

matlab

C = ones(2, 2);

3. Identity Matrix: To create an identity matrix (a square matrix with

ones on the diagonal and zeros elsewhere), you can use the eye
function:

matlab

D = eye(3); % Creates a 3x3 identity matrix

4. Random Matrix: MATLAB also provides functions like rand and

randn for creating matrices with random values:

matlab

E = rand(2, 3); % Creates a 2x3 matrix with random values between 0 and 1

Method 3: Concatenation

1. Horizontal Concatenation: You can create a matrix by horizontally

concatenating row vectors using square brackets []. For example:

matlab

F = [1, 2; 3, 4; 5, 6];

Here, three row vectors are combined to form a 3x2 matrix.

2. Vertical Concatenation: You can vertically concatenate column

vectors to create a matrix:

matlab

G = [1; 2; 3];

In this case, three column vectors are combined to form a 3x1 matrix.
Method 4: Preallocate and Fill

1. Preallocate and Fill: You can preallocate a matrix and then fill it with
values using loops or other operations. For example, to create a 4x4
matrix filled with squares of numbers from 1 to 16:

matlab

H = zeros(4, 4); % Preallocate for i = 1:4 for j = 1:4 H(i, j) = (i-1)*4 + j; end
end

Q5. What is object-oriented programming in MATLAB? How do you create

and use classes?

Ans. Object-oriented programming (OOP) in MATLAB allows you to design

and implement software using objects, which are instances of classes. Each
object can have its own data (properties) and functions (methods) that
operate on that data. MATLAB supports OOP through its class and object
system. Here's an overview of object-oriented programming in MATLAB,
including how to create and use classes:

1. Defining Classes:

To create a class in MATLAB, you use the classdef keyword followed by the
class name. Inside the class definition, you can specify properties and
methods.

matlab

classdef MyClass properties Property1 Property2 end methods function obj =

MyClass(arg1, arg2) obj.Property1 = arg1; obj.Property2 = arg2; end function
result = myMethod(obj) % Define a method that operates on the object's
properties result = obj.Property1 + obj.Property2; end end end

In the above example:

• MyClass is the name of the class.

• properties section defines the properties (data) of the class.

 • methods section defines the methods (functions) of the class.

2. Creating Objects:

To create an object of the class, you simply use the class name followed by
parentheses and any required constructor arguments (if defined in the class).

matlab

obj1 = MyClass(10, 20); obj2 = MyClass(5, 7);

Here, obj1 and obj2 are two instances (objects) of the MyClass class.

3. Accessing Properties and Calling Methods:

You can access the properties of an object using dot notation

(object.PropertyName) and call its methods using dot notation as well.

matlab

propertyValue = obj1.Property1; % Access a property result =

obj1.myMethod(); % Call a method

4. Inheritance:

MATLAB supports inheritance, allowing you to create new classes based on

existing ones. This is useful for building more specialized classes while
reusing the properties and methods of the parent class. To inherit from a
parent class, use the < symbol after the class definition:

matlab

classdef MySubclass < MyClass methods function obj = MySubclass(arg1,

arg2, arg3) obj = obj@MyClass(arg1, arg2); obj.Property3 = arg3; end
function result = myMethod(obj) result = obj.Property1 + obj.Property2 +
obj.Property3; end end end

In the above example, MySubclass is a subclass of MyClass and inherits its

properties and methods. You can also override methods from the parent class,
as shown with the myMethod function.

5. Deleting Objects:
When you're done with an object, you can delete it to free up memory using
the delete function:

matlab

delete(obj1);