— Céc Idi gidii thich céin dugc dat gitta cde dau /* va ¥, va cé thé duge viet tren mot dong, trén nhiéu dong hoac tren phn cdn [ai cla dong. ~— Trong chong trinh, khi sit dung cae ham chudn, vi du nhw printf, getch(),... ma céc ham nay [gi chtta trong file stdio.h & thu muc cita C, vi vay 6 déu chuong trinh phai khai béo str dung stdio.h bing todn ti # : #include "stdio.h ", — Mot chuong trinh 6 thé chi c6 mét ham chinh (ham main()), hoac cé thé c6 them mot sé ham khac. V - BAI TAP MINH HOA + Chuong trinh minh hoa viée sit dung ky tu diéu khién (\n) Bai 7. Viet chuong trinh in ra man hinh dong cht “Hello, world!". /* Chuong trinh in ra déng chi Hello, word! trén man hinh */ # include void main{) /* Ham chinh */ { printf(" Hello, world! -\n"); /* in chu Hello, world! roi xuong dong (\n) */ } Bai 2, Viet chuong trinh in ra man hinh dong chit: Hello, - world. /* Chwong trinh in ra hai déng : Hello, World */ # include void main() { print£(" \n Hello, \n world. \n"); 23+ Chuong trinh minh hoa cach khai bao, khdi dau bién Bai 3, Vit chong trinh minh hoa cfc c4ch khai b4o bin trong C. /* Chttong trinh nay minh hoa cach khai béo bién trong C */ #include void main() t char ki_tu; 7* Khai béo mot ky tu */ int so_nguyen; /* Khai béo mét sé nguyén */ float so_thuc; /* Khai bdo mét 36 thyc */ ki_tu = 'a'; so_nguyen = 15; so_thuc = 27.62; printf("te la mot ki tu.\n",ki_tu); printf ("td la mot so nguyen! \n",so_nguyen) ; print£("tf la mot so thuc.\n",so_thuc) ; ¥ Ket qua sau khi chay chuong trinh ten: ala mot ki tu. 15 la mot so nguyen! 27.620 la mot so thuc. Bai 4. Chuong trinh minh hoa cach vira khai bdo, vira khoi ddu mot bign trong C. /* Chuong trinh nay minh hoa cach vita khai béo, vita khdi déu mét bidn trong C */ #include void main() { char ki_tu = ‘a'; /* Rhai béo/khéi ddu mot ky ty. */ int so_nguyen = 15; /* Khai béo/khdi ddu mot sé nguyén. */ float so_thuc = 27.62; /* Khai béo/khéi ddu mét sé thuc, */ print£("%c la mot ki tu.\n",k4_tu); 24print£("%d la mot so nguyen. \n",so_nguyen) ; printf{"%f la mot so thuc.\n",so0_thuc) a } + Gidi cc bai toan don gian Bai 5. Chuong trinh tinh chu vi va dién tich hinh trdn khi biét ban kinh r 1a mot hang s6 06 gid tri 1a 3.1. /* Chuong trinh tinh chu vi va dién tich hinh trén, biét ban kinh r la mét hing sé c6 gia tri 1a 3.1*/ # include /* su dung thu vien chua cac ham nhap xuat chuan*/ # include /* sa dung thu vien chua cac ham toan hoc */ #define r 3.1 void main() { float ev,dt; /* khai bao 2 bien chu vi va dien tich kieu so thuc */ cv = 2*r*M PI; /* tinh chu vi, su dung hang M_PI co trong math.h */ at = M_pr*rtr; /* Tinh dien tich */ print£("\n Chu vi = $10.2 \n Dien tich = %10.2£",cv,dt); /* In ket qua */ getch{}; /* Tam dung chuong trinh */ r Keét qud sau khi thie hién chuong trinh : Chu vi= 19.47 Dien tich = 30.18 Chi 9: %ed 1a ma dac ta diéu dién cac bién c6 kiéu sé nguyén. of 1A ma dac td biéu dién cdc biEn c6 kiéu s6 thuc (float, double,...). %om.nf in ra mot bién kiéu s6 thyc c6 chiéu dai bang m va cé n chit s6 sau déiu chim thap phan. Vi dy : %6.2f. 25Bai 6. Chuong trinh tinh dién tich hinh tron khi biét chu vi 1 bang cv 6 gid b # include /* su dung thu vien chua cac ham nhap xuat chuan*/ # include /* su dung thu vien chua cac ham toan hoc */ #define ev 9.1 void main() { float x,dt; /* khai bao 2 bien’ ban kinh va dien tich kieu thuc */ x = ev/(2*M_PI); /* tinh ban kinh, su dung hang M_PI co trong math.h */ dt = M_PItrtr; /* Tinh dien tich */ printf("\n Dien tich = %10.2£",dt); /* In ket qua len man hinh*/ getch(); /* Tam dung chuong trinh */ } Két qud sau khi thuc hién chuong trinh : Dien tich = 6.59 Bai 7, Chuong trinh tinh chu vi hinh tron khi biet dién tich 1a bién dt 6 gid tri khéi dau 1a 6.1. # include /* su dung thu vien chua cac ham nhap xuat chuan*/ # include /* su dung thu vien chua cac ham toan hoc */ void main() { float r,dt = 6.1,cv; /* khai bao bien ban kinh kieu thuc va khoi tao bien dt */ r= sqrt (dt/M_PI); /* tinh ban kinh, trong do su dung ham can bac hai sqrt() co trong math.h */ cv = 2*M_PI*r; /* Tinh chu vi */printf ("\n Chu vi = $10.2£",ev); /* In ket qua len man hinh */ getch(); | /* Tam dung chuong trinh */ } Kéi quai sau khi thie hién chuong trink : Chu vi= 8.75 + Mot s6 quy tac cin nhé khi viet chuong trinh C ~ M6i cau lenh c6 thé viét tren mot hay nhiéu dong, nhung phai ket thiic bang dau cham phéy (3). — Mu6n biéu dién mot day hang ky tw (day ky ty dat trong cap dau nhdy kép) tren nhiéu dong, thi ta phai dat them dau \ wuée khi xudng dong. Vidu: printf("\n Chu vi = %10.2f \ \n Dien tich = $10.2£",cv,dt); ~ Cac 10i gidi thich phai dat giifa dau /* va dau */. — Mu6n sit dung edc ham chudn ca C thi 6 déu chong trinh ta phai khai béo tép tin c6 chia ham muén sit dung (& cudi dong khai bio nay khong cé dau ;). Vidu: # anclude # include vi- BAI TAP TU GIAI Bai 1. Viét chuong trinh tinh dien tich cia tam gidc khi biét ba canh la ba bién a, b, c duoc khéi dau : a = 3.1, b = 2.2, c = 4.3 va cong thite tinh dién tich 1a > S= \pip-axp-byp-o). wi p= SEES. Bai 2. Viét chuong trinh tinh chu vi hinh chit nhat khi biét dién tich 1a 9.1 va ty l¢ gitta chiéu dai va chiéu rong 18 2.Chacong 2 BIEU THUG VA CAC PHEP TOAN TRONG C ee eee 1- BIEU THUC Bigu thie 1a mot sy két hgp cdc gid tri (hing, bién, ham) bing céc phép tinh dé sinh ra mot gia tri méi. Kidu cia biéu thitc la kiéu cia gid tr} ma né sinh ra. Vidul: int x = 2,y = 7; x = (X + 2*y); /* x, y 1a c4c bign tueng img voi eac toan hang; phép céng (+) va phép nhan (+) va ddu bing (=) 14 cdc todn tu cada biéu thic */ Vidu2: int i, a= 3; a= (i = a*li); /* 1a mét biéu thite hop 1é (vi a 1a& mot bién da cé gi4 tri). */ CAC PHEP TOAN 41. Cc phép toan sé hoc Céc phép todn s6 hoc bao gém : cong (+), trit (-), nhan (*), chia () thyc hién tren céc kiéu di lien int, char, float, double. 28 Vidu: float x = 15.0; float y = 3.0; float phepcong = x + y: /* 15.0 + 3.0 = 18.000000 */ float phepchia = x/y; /* 15.0/3.0 = 5.000000 */Ché ¥ ring, phép chia cla hai sO nguyén cho ra két qua IA s6 nguyén. Nhu vay, dé Idly phan dur cita phép chia hai s6 nguyen phai sir dung phép modulo(%) (phép modulo(%) chi thuc hién tren cde toén hang 6 kidu dit ligu nguyen (ind). Vidu : int x = 10; int y = 3; int KQl = x/y; /* cho k&t qua 1a s& nguyén : 10/3 = 3 */ int KQ2 = xy; /* 1083 = 1 (10/3 = 3 dw 1) */ Ngoai cdc phép todn tren, ngon ngi C cin trang bi cho chting ta mot s6 ham todn hoc chudn duge khai bdo trong thu vin math.h (tham khio trong céc ti ligu tien quan). 2. Cac phép toadn thao tac bit C4c phép toan thao téc bit cho phép xit IY ting bit cha mot sO nguyén (khong ding cho kiéu float va double), bao gém : + Cac toain tit AND (&), OR (|), KOR (4) Bang gié tr chan ly Ke qua Toan hang 4 Toan hang 2 & t . 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 Vidu : Gid thiét mOt sO nguyen (int) dugc biéu dién bang 16 bit. unsigned int a = 3737; /* 0000111010011001 unsigned int b = 747 /* 0001110100110010 unsigned int c = alb; . —/* 0001111110111011 unsigned int d = bé&c; 7* 0001110100110010 unsigned int e = c*d; /* 0000001010001001 */ / s +f id 29+ Céc ton tit dich trai (<<), dich phai (>>), bit bit (~) — Biéu thite a<< nsé ‘h chuyén cdc bit trong a sang tréin — Biéu thie a >> n sé dich chuyén céc bit trong a sang phai n vi tri. D6i voi kiéu khong dau ta c6: a<>n=a/(2"). Vida unsigned int unsigned int unsigned int unsigned int unsigned int int £ = 3737 int g = £ << int h = g >> — Bi bit~ a= be c= a= 4 ~l= 3737; Thal a<< 1; Chel a >> 2; * e << 2 << 3; i* 1<< 15; /* i i* i 0; ~0=1. Gia thiet mot s6 nguyen (int) duge bidu dién bang 16 bit, 0000111010011001 0001110100110010 90000001110100110 0111010011000000 1000000000000000 0000111010011003 1110100110010000 2222000011101001 Vidu : Gid thiét mot s6 nguyen (int) duge bidu dign bing 16 bit. unsigned int a = 3737; * thi sau khai béo unsigned int b = ~a; i bcé gid tri 1a : 1111000101 100110. 3. Cac phép toan quan hé va ldgic 3.1. Cée phép ton quan hé 0000111010011001 1111000101100110 */ */ 7 +s +f +f */ / / 7 Céc phép todn quan he so sénh gid tri cia cdc toan hang, r6i cho két qua 0 (sai), hoac 1 (ding). Cac phép so sénh bao gém ; bang ), khdc (=), ln hon (>), ln hon hoae bang (>=), nhé hon (<), nhd hon hodic bang (<=). Vidu: float kql float kq2 float kq3 a) float kad W (3 > 5); /* kal = (3 > 5) = 0,000000%/ (5 >= 3); /*kq2 = (5 > 3) = 1.000000+/7 (122 + 5 > != 15); /* kq3 = (8 f= 5) = 1.000000 */ qs f= 3%5); /* kq@ = (15 != 3*5) = 0.000000 */3.2, Cac phép todn logic Cfc phép todn logic dimg dé két hop cdc biéu thtic khéc nhau thanh mOt biéu thie logic. Két qua cia céc phép todn nay cho gid tri 0 (sai), hoac | (ding). Bao gém cdc phép toan : NOT (!); AND (&8&); OR (I). Bang gid tri chan lf cia cdc phép todn nay nhu sau: Toan hang 1 Toan hang 2 kat qua A 5 ‘A ARBB ANB 0 o 4 0 0 0 1 1° 9 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 4 4, Chuyén déi kiéu dir liéu (6p kigu) Khi hai todn hang trong mot phép todn khéc kigu dif ligu thi kiéu dit ligu thap duge nang thanh kiéu dé li¢u cao trudéc khi tinh todn. Vidu: — Néu f c6 kiéu float, i c6 kiéu int thi trong biéu thie f + i, i sé tam thdi duge chuyén sang kiéu float dé thurc hién phép cong. — Néu f c6 kiéu float, i! va i2 cd kiéu int va cé gid tri lin Jugt 1a 10 va 3 thi biéu thitc f = i1/2 s@ gan vao f gid tri 3.0. Trong trudng hop nay, 4é thu duge két qua chinh xéc, cén sit dung phép ép kiéu : £ = (float) 41/i2; Vidu: int a, b= 4;c = 5; float x, y = 6.8, 2 = 3.8; ay; it a=6*/ a=-y; ftas-6*/ x= a/b +c; fe xe 4.0 */ x = a/b + (float) ¢; se x 2 4.0 */ x = (float) a/b +c; /* x = 3.5 */ aty-2z /* a= 2 (néu két qua 18 2.999...) hodc 3 */ 315. Cac phép toan tang gidm Cac phép ton tang gidm IA cdc phép toan ++ va -- ding dé tang hoc gidm mot gid tri déi v6i céc bién nguyen hoac thyc. Cac phép todn nay c6 hai dang : ++ bin, hay bin ++; -- bién, hay bien --. Céc dang nay c6 cing muc dich, nhimg khdc nhau & chd khi sit dung céc toan tt nay chung véi cde phép todn khdc thi : ++ bién, -- bién sé thye hién phép todn tang hode gidm gid tri cia bien truéc, réi mdi thc hién nhimg phép todn khc; con véi bign ++, bién -- thi ngugc lai. Vidu: Néu i = 3 thi cau lénh tong = ++ i; sé gén 4 cho tong, con cau lenh tong = 4 ++; sé gan 3 cho tong mac da trong ca hai trrdng hop i déu tré thanh 4, 6, Cau lénh gan Trong C, lénh gén duge thuc hién bang todn ir =. Cau triic cau iénh gan ohu sau : Bién = biéu_thtc Lénh gan c6 thé sit dung dé khdi tao gid ti ngay trong khi khai béo bign. Vidu: intc,a=3,b=4;csa+b; Mot sé luu y déi véi lénh gan: — C6 thé rit gon cdc phép todn hai ngoi dang : i=i+ 3 thanhi+ =3; i =i*x thanh i* = x; x=xt(y +2) thank xt =y +z; ~ Cé thé sir dung biéu thiic gan dé gén gid tri cho mot bien. Vida: asb=5; cé nghia IA gan gid tri biéu thule b= 5 cho bign a, két qua la b= 5 va =5. z= (x = 2)*ly = 6); cho két qua Ax = 2, y=6 viz= 12. 32i — BIEU THUG DIEU KIEN Biéu thdc diéu kién 18 biéu thiic c6 dang : btl ? bt2 : bt3; trong dé : tl, bt2, bt3 1a cdc biéu thitc. Gid tr} tra vé 1a bi2 néu bE khde O (bt! diing) va 1 bt3 ngu bel bang 0 (bt1 sai). Vidu: zex>2; e) a<<2; fh a<<-2. Kei qua : a= OxcOb3 = 11000000101 10011 b = 0x2435 = 0010010000110101 a) ~a=0011111101001100 = 0x3fdc b) al b=1110010010110111 =0xe4b7 2. GTATLTO-& 33,©) ab = 1110010100001 10 = Oxe486 d) a>>2=0011000000101100 = 0x302c e) a <<2-= 0000001011001 100 = 0x02ce f) a <<-2 = 0000000000000000 = 0x0 + Bai tap mau vé biéu thire quan hé va logic Bai 3. Hay cho biét gid tri cia j khi thyc hién doan chuong trinh : int 4; char c = /1'; 3 = (e <= 19") &(c >= 10"); Két qua : . + Bai tap mu vé phép todn ép kiéu dir liéu trong C Bai 4. Hay cho biét gid tri cha (int) 3.5, (int) 3.1, Gint) 3.9, (int) -3.1, (int) -3.5, (int) -3.9. Kei qua : (im) 3.5 = 3.0; (int) 3.1 = 3.0; (int) 3.9 = 3.0; (int) -3.1=-3.0; (int) -3.5=-3.0; Gn) -3.9=-3.0; + Bai tap mau vé phép toan tang (++), gidm (--) Bai 5. Cho b bang 5 va c bang 8. Hay cho biét gid tri cla a, b,c sau khi thi hanh rigng biét timg dong lénh sau : 1. abet toc +; 2. a=bt+t++ ttc; 3. ast+bt+e ++; 4. a=++ b+ t+ c; Két qua: Dang lénh 1 cho ket qua : a= 13 Dang Iénh 2 cho két qua : a= 14 Dong lénh 3 cho két qua: a= 14 Dang Jénh 4 cho ket qua : a= 15. 34 a anmte-eBai 6. Gia sira bang 1. Hay cho biét gid tri cla a, b sau dong fenh : beattt tha: R6i kiém tra tiép xem : atsat=a; Két qua : Sau dong lénh b = a ++ + ++ a; b sé bing 4 va.a sé bang 3. Sau dong Iénh a + =a + =a; a sé bang 12. + Bai tap mau vé cau lénh gan Bai 7. a) Doan md sau sé fam gi? at =b; /* Gidi thich : a = atb */ b* = a; i* b= b*a */ at =»; * a= at */ b) Xét cau Iénh : a* =b* = at =b; Gidi thich : a = ab; b = b’a; a = ab. Nhu vay b) tuong duong vdi a). + Bai tap mau vé biéu thic diéu kién Bai. 8. Hay cho biét gid tri cla b khi thyc hién doan chong tinh sau : int a= 1,b= (a) 21: 2; b+=i1; Két qua : ba? Bai 9. Cho khai bao bién sau : int a,b; cho biét két qua tit cdc biéu thife sau : a) a (b == 2) 71: 2; b) a= (b= 2) 71: 3; eo) a= (b= 2) 71: 2; Két qua : a) a=2; b) a=ls casi. 35V- BAITAP TY GIAI Bai 1. Cho khai bio bién sau : int pint; float a; char c; double pd; Hay chon phat biée diing : a) (double) pd = a; b) c= + pint +; c) print = (int) pd; d) a = Gpint; Bai 2. Cho Khai bio bign sau : int a,p; double b,c; Hay chon phat biéu ding : a) p= (int) b+ (e# = 2); b) pat (1, b- = 1); oe) pee: da) a= "abc"; Bai 3. Cho khai bdo bién sau : char a, p; . int b, pint; Hay chon phat biéu sai : a) pint <<= a; b) p ->> bs c) a+=1+b - (double) 1; 4) b® (char) a; Bai 4. Cho chitong tinh sau : #include unsigned t = 1266; int x,y; char cl,c2; long 1;main() { x = telOty; cl = t8100 - x; 2 = cl + 2; l= cl - c2ty; print£("tctd",cl,c2) ; y Hay chon két qua in ra ding : a) Chuong trinh sai ci phap b) B68 cc) Chuong trinh in ra tri khong xac dinh d) CA3 cau déu sai Bai 5. Cho chuong trinh sau : #include main() t int a= 11,i = 5; double £; £ = (double) ++ a/i; f* = a/i - f+ = (double) (a = 1) / ++ 4; printf("a = %d,i = td, £ = %£ ",a,i,£); } Hay chon két qua in ra ding : a) a=12,i=5,f=6.72 b) a=5,i=6, f= 6.533333 ©) a=4,i=5,f=5.6 d) a=1,i=5,f= 5.000000 Bai 6. Cho biét két qua cia céc chuong trinh sau © Chitong trinh I #include main() 3738 } char a = '2'; unsigned char int c= - 23; bev: unsigned d = 124; 675.89; float rm = 0.000887; float rt = 0.000887; float re = printf("\n %c\tte ",a,b); printé("\n t4d\tt3d\tt4d\te3d “,c,d,c,d); printf ("\n 36.3£\t86.3g\t#6. 3qg\tt6. 3G\t86. 36 Chitong rink 2 > #include void main() t aint n= 5,p = 9; int ql,q2,q3,q4,q5; E£loat x1,x2,x3,x4; ql in n; a4 =nt(p>n 20: pie gS =nk(p void main() C int na 10,p 5,q = 10,r; (Pr Dye printf("I : n=td p = td qetd r=$d\n"/n,p,q,2); n=p=q=5; r= (n nt=pt=q print£("II : n=sd p=td q=td r=%d\n",n,p,q,z); q=(n p) n+: p tt: printé("IV : n=td pstd q=td r=%d\n",n,p,q,5); 39Chacong 3 NHAP, XUAT DU LIEU TRONG C 1- CAc HAM NHAP, XUAT THUGC STDIO.H 4. Ham dua két qua ra man hinh (printf) Cui phap printf ("chuéi_diéu_khién", [c&éc_biéu_thtc]) Chudi diéu khién g6ém ba loa : — Chudi ky ty mang tinh chat thong bdo (hing chuéi). — C&e kf ty diéu khién : \n: sang dong mdi; Nt: dau tab; Xb: lai lai mot bude; \f: sang trang méi. — Cée ma diac ta dé in cdc bigu thie tuong tg (mdi biéu thie khi in phai cd mot dac ta). Dang tng quat clla dac ta: *{-1(£][-p] ¢_tu_chuyén_dang Trong dé: + Dau % 1a ky tu dé dua ky tu chuyén dang vao, bat budc phai 06. + Dau wit [-]: + Khi khong c6 dau trir thi két qua ra duge dén vé ben phai néu do dai thyc t€ cha két qua ra nhé hon dé rong t6i thidu f danh cho né. CAc vi if du thita sé duge lap day bing cdc khodng tong. Riéng d6i véi cdc trudng sé, néu day s6 f bat dau bang s6 0 thi cdc vi tri du thira ben trai sé duge Idp day bing céc $60. 40+ Khi cé dau trir thi két qua duge dén vé ben tréi va cdc vi trf dur thiva vé ben phai (néu c6) lon duge lap diy bing cdc khodng trong. +f}: + Khi f én hon do dai thuc té cha ket qua ra thi céc vi trf dur thita sé duge lap ddy béi cdc khong trong, hoac s6 0 va noi dung cila ket qua ra sé duge diy vé ben phai hoac ben tréi. « Khi khong cé f hoac f nhé hon hay bing do dai thuc t€ cua ket qué ra thi do rong.danh cho két qua sé bing chinh dé dai cia né. + Tai vi trf ila f ta cé thé dat daa *, khi d6 f duge xéc dinh béi gid tri nguyén cia d6i twong img. +Lpl: + Tham s6 p chi dugc sit dung khi d6i tuong ing 1a mot xau ky ty, hoac mot gid tri kidu float hay double. + Trong truéng hyp déi tuong ting ¢6 gid tri kidu float hay double thi p 1a do chinh xdc cha trudng ra. N6i mot cdch cu thé hon, gid tri in ra sé cé p chit sé sau dau cham thap phan. + Khi ving mat p thi dé chinh xéc sé duge xem 1a 6. + Khi doi ia xau ky a: Néu p nhd hon do dai cia xau thi chi p ky tir dau ti¢n cia xau duge in ra. Néu khOng c6 p hoac néu p lén hon hay bang do dai cha xau thi cA xau ky uy sé duoc in ra. Céc ky ur chuyén dang va ¥ nghia cia né : hunt hang Kidu darliga . Y¥ nghia c char Doi la ky ty didi int Gila sé nguyen tai | Tong ila 6 nguyen dai { float hoc double | B6i la 86 thye, dang thap phan [-]m...m.n...0, trong 46 dd dai cf n...n lp. e foal hoc double | B6ita s6 thyc, dang thép phan {= Jmun..nE| +hodc- bx, trong 66 00 dai cla n..nlap-1. 3 au ky ty (chubi) | Bila chub u int ‘SO nguyén hg 10 khong du 4chuye de ng | Ku dcigu ¥ nghia ° int Sé nguyen he 8 khong déu lo tong 86 nguyén he 8 khong déu x int ‘$6 nguyén hé 16 khong dau be tong Sé nguyen he 16 khong déu 9 float hay double | Khong in ra céc s6 0 vO nghia ¢ float hoac double | 6i trong dang thap phan Vidu: /* Chuong trinh nay minh hoa céc kiéu di liéu trong C */ = %d. \n", 92); 92. */ = %i, \n", 92); print£("gia tri 92 dung kieu 4 /* gia tri 92 dung kieu d = print£("gia tri 92 dung kieu i /* gia tri 92 dung kieu i = 92. */ print£("gia tri 92 dung kiew u = tu. \n", 92); /* gia tri 92 dung kieu u = 92, */ printf("gia tri 92 dung kieu o = to. \n", 92); /* gia tri 92 dung kieu o = 134. */ printf("gia tri 92 dung kieu x = x. \n", 92); /* gia tri 92 dung kieu x = 5c. */ print£("gia tri 92 dung kieu c =.te. \n", 92); /* gia tri 92 dung kieu c = \. */ print£("ky tu '9’ dung kieu c = %c. \n", 19’); /* ky tu ‘9’ dung kieuc = 9. */ printf ("chuoi 92 dung kieu s = %s. \n"," 92"); /* chuoi 92 dung kiew s = 92. */ 2. Ham scanf Cu phap : seanf (céc_ddc ta, < danh_sdch dia _chi_céc_bién tuong_tmg_véi_cac_dac ta >); 42Trong dé céc dac td c6 dang % , méi bién muGn nhap gid tri phai cé mot dac ta tuong tg. Dac t4 c6 thé viet mot céch téng quét nhusau : @[*1l[d...d] ky ty chuyén dang. O day: = Vige c6 mat cla dau * néi len trugng vao vin duoc dd doc binh thudng, nhung gid tri cla né bi bS qua (khong duc Iuu vao b6 nhd). Nhu vay, dac 14 chita dau * s& khong cé d6i tuong ting. = did IA mot day s6 x4c dinh chiéu dai cyc dai cia trubng vio, ¥ nghia cla né duoc gidi thich nhu sau : 4+ Néu tham s6 dud ving mat, hodc néu gid tri cha né lon hon hay bang d6 dai cua truémg vao tong img thi toan bd truémg vao sé duge doc, ndi dung cita n6 duce dich va dugc gin cho dia chi trong ting (néu khong c6 dau *). 4+ Néu gid tri ola d..d nhé hon do dai cia trudng vao thi chi phan dau cia trudng 06 kich cd bang d...d duge doc va gan cho dia chi cia bign tuong img. Ph4n cdo lai cia trutmg sé duge xem xét bai cdc dic ta va d6i tuomg tmg tigp theo. Vidu: int a; float x,y; char ch[6] ,ct[6]; scant ("S£%5£83dt3sts" , 6xkyGacchSctO; Voi dong vao : 54.32e-1 25 12452348a. Két qua 14 lénh scanf 5.432 cho x 25.0 choy 124 choa xf "523" va dau két thc \0 cho ch xau "48a" va déu ket thtic 0 cho ct. ~ Ky tu chuyén dang : + Ky tw chuyén dang xe dinh céch thite dd doc cdc ky uf tren dong vao cling nhu cach chuyén dich thong tin doc duge true khi gén n6 cho cdc dia chi wrong img. 43+ Céch dd doc thit nhat 1a doc theo trudng vio, Khi dé céc khodng tring bi bd qua. Cach nay 4p dung cho hau het cdc tru’mg hap. + Cich dd dgc tht hai 1a doc theo ky ty, khi 46 cdc khodng ting cing duge xem xét nhwr céc ky tu khdc. Phuong phap nay chi xdy ra khi sit dung mot trong ba ky ty chuyén dang sau : C, [day ky nu], [4 daly ky ty]. Cc ky ny chuyén dang va 9 nghia cita né : Ky ty Ynghia ¢ Va0 mat ky ty, 06% tg tng ta contr iy ty, 06 x6t ky ty Khosing ting ‘Vao mat gia tri Kiéu int, i tuong ting la con tré kidu int, trong vao 1a s6 nguyen ‘Vao mot gia tr kidu long, 461 tuong ung la con tré kigu long va truéng vao fa sO nguyen ‘Vao mot gid ti kigu int hé 8, 61 tuong Ung la con trd kidu int, trsemg vao la 86 nguyen he 8 Vao mot gid tr kigu long he 8, 46 tuong ing 14 con tr kidu long, trudng vao la sé nguyen he 8 Vao mot gid tri Kidu int né 16, 46i twong ung ba con t7d kigu int, trying vao la 86 nguyen hé 16 ‘Vao mot gia tri kidu long he 16, 661 tuong ding la con tré Kidu long, trugng vao la so nguyan he 16 fhaye \Vao mot gia tr kigu float, d6i tuang ting la con tré float, trutng vao la s6 du phéy dong 7 hay le ao mot gid tr kigu double, di tuong tng ld can trd double, tryéng vao 1a s6 déu phay dong Vaio mot gid tri kiéu double, 461 tung Ung fa con tré kidu char, trutmg vao la day ky ty bat ky khong chia c&c ddu cach va cdc d&u xuding dong [Day ky ur], (Day ky ny] : Cac kg ur tren dong vao sé lin lugt duge doc cho dén khi ndo gap mot ky ty khong thude tap cac ky ty dat trong { }. Doi tuong ting 18 con trd kidu char. Trung vio 1A diy kf ty bat ky (khodng trang duge xem nhu mot ky tu). 44