fear) PINCUBATION mam otshing your dreams Guide M.G » UNIVERSITY BSc PSYCHOLOGY Semester 5 ABNORMAL BEHAVIOUR , Be, oo @ \ Oe Module 4 OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE AND RELATED DISORDERS www.pepponline.inObsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders DS Re Cameo)DSM 5 CRITERIA A. Presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both: Obsessions are defined by (1) and (2): 1L, Recurrent and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced, at some time during the disturbance, as intrusive and unwanted, and that in most individuals cause marked anxiety or distress. 2. The individual attempts to ignore or suppress such thoughts, urges, or images, or to neutralize them with some other thought or action (i.e. by performing a compulsion). Compulsions are defined by (1) and (2) 1. Repetitive behaviors (e.g., hand washing, ordering, checking) or mental acts (e.g., praying, counting, repeating words silently) that the individual feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or according to rules that must be applied rigidly. 2. The behaviors or mental acts are aimed at preventing or reducing anxiety or distress, or preventing some dreaded event or situation; however, these behaviors or mental acts are not connected in a realistic way with what they are designed to neutralize or-prevent, or are clearly excessive. Note: Young children'may notibe able to articulate the aims of these behaviors or mental acts. B. The obsessions or compulsions are time-consuming (e.g., take more than 1 hour per day) or cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, C. The obsessive-compulsive symptoms are not attributable to the physiological effects of a substance (¢.g,, a drug of abuse, a medication) or another medical condition. D. The disturbance is not better explained by the symptoms of another mental disorder (e.g., excessive worries, as in generalized anxiety disorder; preoccupation with appearance, as in body dysmorphic disorder; difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, as in hoarding disorder, hair pulling, as in trichotillomania [hair-pulling disorder]; skin picking, as in excoriation [skin- picking] disorder; stereotypies, as in stereotypic movement disorder; ritualized eating behavior, as in eating disorders; preoccupation with substances or gambling, as in substance-related and addictive disorders; preoccupation with having an illness, as in illness anxiety disorder; sexual urges or fantasies, as in paraphilic disorders; impulses, as in disruptive, impulse-control, andconduct disorders; guilty ruminations, as in major depressive disorder; thought insertion or delusional preoccupations, as in schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders; or repetitive patterns of behavior, as in autism spectrum disorder). Specify if: With good or fair insight: The individual recognizes that obsessive-compulsive disorder beliefs are definitely or probably not true or that they may or may not be true. With poor insight: The individual thinks obsessive-compulsive disorder beliefs are probably true. With absent insight/delusional beliefs: The individual is completely convinced that obsessive- compulsive disorder beliefs are true. Specify if: Tic-related: The individual has a current or past history of a tic disorder BODY DYSMORPHIC DISORDERBe ae ee Ces eer cur) ‘A Preoccupation with one or more perceived defects or flaws in physical appearance that are not observable or appear slight to others. B. At some point during the course of the disorder, the individual has performed repetitive behaviors (e.g,, mirror checking, excessive grooming, skin picking, reassurance seeking) or mental acts (e.g., comparing his or her appearance with that of others) in response to the appearance concerns. C. The preoccupation causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, D. The appearance preoccupation is not better explained by concerns with body fat or weight in an individual whose symptoms meet diagnostic criteria for an eating disorderHOARDING DISORDER A Persistent difficulty disearding or parting with possessions, regardless of their actual value B This difficulty is due to a perceived need to save the items and to distress associated with discarding them C The difficulty discarding possessions results in the accumulation of possessions that congest and clutter active living areas and substantially compromises their intended use. If living areas are uncluttered, it is only because of the interventions of third parties (e.g, family members, cleaners, and authorities) D The hoarding causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning (including maintaining a safe environment for self and others) E The hoarding is not attributable to other medical conditions (e.g., brain injury, cerebrovascular disease, and Prader-Willi syndrome)F The hoarding is not better explained by the symptoms of other mental disorders (e.g, obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder, decreased energy in major depressive disorder, delusions in schizophrenia.or another psychotic disorder, cognitive deficits in major neurocognitive disorder and restricted interests in autism spectrum disorder HAIR PULLING DISORDER oe ieoreneentr Rot TREATMENT SIGNS & SYMPTOMS: =a Pesce et ve were Some enon a , wonveeonn ais Srereete TS se “© LONG TERM CONSEQUENCES: bahay sti ean ya eles ee MCU)‘A. Recurrent pulling out of one's hair resulting in noticeable hair loss. B. An increasing sense of tension immediately before pulling out the hair or when attempting to resist the behavior. C. Pleasure, gratification, or relief when pulling out the hair D. The disturbance is not better accounted for by another mental disorder and is not due toa general medical condition (e.g., a dermatological condition) E, The disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning, Causes of trichotillomania Away of dealing with stress or anxiety Acchemical imbalance in the brain, similar to Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) changes in hormone levels during puberty For some people, hair pulling can be a type of addiction. ‘The more they pull their hair out, the more they want to keep doing it. TREATMENT FOR OGD, Psychotherapy Exposure and response prevention (ERP) MEDICATIONS Fluoxetine (Prozac) for adults and children 7 years and older Paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva) for adults only Sertraline (Zoloft) for adults and children 6 years and older TREATMENT FOR TRICHOTILLOMANIA Therapy ‘Types of therapy that may be helpful for trichotillomania include:Habit Reversal Training, This behavior therapy is the primary treatment for trichotillomania. ‘You learn how to recognize situations where you're likely to pull your hair and how to substitute other behaviors instead. For example, you might clench your fists to help stop the urge. Other therapies may be used along with habit reversal training. A variant of this technique, called decoupling, involves quickly redirecting your hand from your hair to another location. Cognitive Therapy. This therapy can help you identify and examine distorted beliefs you may have in relation to hair pulling, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. This therapy can help you lear to accept your hair pulling urges without acting on them. TREATMENT FOR HOARDING DISORDER Treatment Hoarding may persist for a lifetime, but effective treatment can help reduce the need to hold on to unnecessary items; it can also improve decision-making, stress-reducing, and organizational skills ‘The primary treatments used to relieve symptoms of hoarding disorder include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and antidepressant medication, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). One or the other, ar both, may be employed. Early clinical trials suggest that compassion-focused therapy may be moreéffective than CBT alonefe age) eases Premier Entrance Preparation Program 74-l] JOIN PEPP GUIDE El WHATSAPP GROUP SUBSCRIBE PEPP YOUTUBE CHANNEL Download PEPP Learning App Fulfill your central university dream with the! coaching program in Kerala For Admission Related Queries: Call: +91 808925250, +91 8891359553 Visit: www.pepponiine.in