Panchayati Raj System

History of Panchayati Raj System

In 1952, there was established a Community

development programme.
But after five years in 1957, A committee is
formed and named as "Balwant Rai Mehta
Committee” .
This Committee reviewed Community
Development Programme and the result was
“Panchayati Raj System”.
 Panchayati Raj System

Gram Panchayat: Village Level Panchayat Samiti: Block Level

Zila Parishad: District Level

Facts

Firstly Panchayati Raj System was established in

Nagaur district of Rajasthan in 1959.
In Constitution, it is named as “The Panchayat” .
Article 243 and it’s Sub-Parts describe about
Panchayati Raj System.
Balwant Rai Mehta Committee gave a Gold
surprise for Panchayati Structure.
Articles related to Panchayati Raj System

Article 243: There shall be a Panchayati Raj

System.

Article 243 B: There shall be a three tire

Panchayati Raj System in all States.

Article 243 C: Minimum age for election is 21

years old.

Article 243 D: 50% Reserved seats for Women.

Article 243 E: Office Term- 5 years

Article 243 F: Qualifications for Elections.

Article 243 G: Powers of Panchayat like Works

and schemes for villages, Social Justice etc.

Article 243 H: Financial Authorities like tax

collection, tolls and duties.

Article 243 I: It describes that Governor will take

a review every after five years of Panchayats in
financial aspects.
Article 243 J: It gives right to Panchayat that they
have to maintain and audit accounts in local
levels.

Article 243 K: Elections of Pachayat by State

election commission.

Article 243 L: Panchayats will apply in Union

Territories also.

Article 243 M: Panchayats will not apply in some

Valley Areas of J&K, Nagaland, Sikkim, Manipur,
Assam etc.
Provisions For Some States
SOME PROVISIONS FOR SOME STATES
Special provisions for Maharastra and Gujrat.
Special provisions for Nagaland
Special provisions for Assam and Manipur
Special provisions for Sikkim
Special provisions for Mijoram, Goa, Arunachal
Pradesh
Special provisions for Karnataka
Related articles in a frame
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR MAHARASTRA AND GUJRAT

 Initially in the Part 21 of constitution, article 371-371J describes

special provisions for twelve states.
 It includes Maharastra , Gujrat, Nagaland, Assam, Mijoram, Manipur,
Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Mijoram, Arunachal Pradesh,
Karnataka and Goa.

 The main motto of these special provisions is the safety of their

tribe’s fundamental rights, their security and some strict laws for
violent areas.
Article 371 ordered to President of India that he has to
give some special powers to Governers of Maharastra
and Gujrat.
Powers are as follows:

A special development board for Marathawada, some

other areas of Maharastra, Kaccha, some other areas
of Gujrat.
The annual report of development will be submitted to
State Legislature.
All educational facilities and micro enterprises training
have to be provide timely.
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR NAGALAND
 Special provisions for Nagaland comes under Article 371 A.
 To apply special provisions in Nagaland there is a major problem is
Nagas.
 It will not completely apply over Nagaland until Nagas don’t stop
their Violence.
 Nagaland’s Governer has the rights to do analysis of Financial
schemes for development of their areas. And he can pass it with the
help of central government.
 There will be established an area council of 35 members for district
Twensaang. And all authorities related to Council will have Governor
like qualifications, salary, office term etc.
 The elections for district Twensang will be conducted
indirectly basis.
 Governor can make inner guideline rules for Twensang to
control the situation and after that it will be abolished by
default .
 For Twensang, the last decision of Governor will be superior.
 PROVISIONS FOR ASSAM AND MANIPUR
 According to Indian constitution article 371 B has the special
provisions for Assam.
 Governor can establish a council of State legislative assembly,s
tribe areas.

Factor:
 Educational development
 Business development
 Society development
 According to Indian constitution Article 371 C, President can
randomly select tribe people as a member of State
Legislature.
 President can handover these controlling authorities to
Governor anytime.
 Governor will send annual report of valley tribe to President.
 Central government can guide to State Government
regarding valley areas.
 SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR ANDHRA PRADESH
AND TELANGANA
 Article 371 D & E allows special provisions for these two states.
 President can directly create employment opportunities for
civilians.
 President has right to set a Special reservation for special area’s
civilians to government employment.
 President can establish a separate team to resolve the complaint
against government officers.
 This team will be out of the authorities of High court.
 This team will only responsible towards Supreme Court of India.
 Once if the team’s task has been accomplished,
President can remove this special structure.

 Article 371E gives a right to President to establish a

Central University in Andhra Pradesh.
SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR SIKKIM, MIJORAM,
GOA, AP, KARNATAKA

 Article 371 F allows Sikkim have special provisions.

 By 36th amendment Sikkim became a proper state of
India.
 Minimum members in Legislative assembly will be 30.
 Maximum seats will be filled by Sikkim area.
 There shall be given a Loksabha seat to Sikkim and it will
be considered as a Parliamentary area.
 There will be at least 40 members in Legislative assembly of
Mijoram.

 There will be at least 30 members in Legislative assembly of

Andhra Pradesh.

 There will be at least 30 members in Legislative assembly of

Goa.

 In Karnataka, same development process will be decided

by President of India and he has to hand over same to
Governor of State.
RELATED ARTICLES
 Article 371: Maharastra and Gujrat
 Article 371A: Nagaland
 Article 371B: Assam
 Article 371C: Manipur
 Article 371D,E: Andhra Pradesh and Telangana
 Article 371F: Sikkim
 Article 371G: Mijoram
 Article 371H: Arunachal Pradesh
 Article 371I: Goa
 Article 371 J: Karnataka
Jammu & Kashmir
What is jammu & Kashmir

 According to indian constitution article 1, J&K is a constitutional State.

 J& K follows article 370 of Constitution part 21 as a Special State.
 Indian Constitution ‘s all modules do not allow over J&K.
 J&K got freedom on 15th August, 1947.
 Initially Emperor Hari Singh decided that J&K will not merge in India or
Pakistan even it will be a free Country.
 But in 20th October, 1947 Pakistan supported Kasmiri army attacked into
the outer of J&K.
 Because of this Emperor Hari Singh decided to merge J&K with India.
 Resultant, on 26th October 1947 there was a MOU signed between Pdt. Jawaharlal Nehru
and Emperor Hari Singh.
 According to this MOU India will take over the charge in Defense, External affairs and
Communication.
 According to J&K constitution, President is known as “Sadar-e-Riyasat” and
Chief Minister is known as “Vazeer-e-Azam.

 Inner state rivers and vallies will not considered in Central government
space.

 Panchayti rajya election will not applicable Straight for J&K.

 In every meeting of legislature there will be all statements must be

translated in Urdu.
What Jammu & Kashmir allows

 Finally after five year to make J&K special constitution said that J&K is an
unbreakable province of India.
 J&K constitution allows Freedom, Justice, equality to their people.
 According to J&K constitution, J&K covers all provinces which were under
the control of Emperor Hari Singh.
 So the main thing is that it condemn POK is a part of J&K which comes
under India.
 People who were living for 10 years before 14th May 1954 in j&k , only they
will consider as Citizen of there.
 J&K constitution allows there shall be a Governer of J&k which will execute
with the advice of Indian President.
 It allows Special powers to their Governer which is designated for 5years by
President of India.

 J&K constitution declares Urdu as an official language.

Relation between J&K and india

 According to Indian constitution Part 1 (Article 1) , the name and area of

Jammu and Kashmir can change with the permission of J&K legislature
only.

 Indian Constitution part 6(State government) not applies over J&K. It has its
own rights.

 Jammu and Kashmir legislature is superior for all executives in state accept
Terrorism activities, disrespect of National flag, National anthem, Indian
Constitution.
 Any amendment in Constitution is not considered for J&K. It will we apply
with the help of Indian President and State Government only.

 Language communication among central government, state government,

inner state government mutually handled.

 If J&K people go to Pakistan, they will be considered as Indian Citizen.

What Jammu & Kashmir not allowed

 Central government has the rights only for Defense, External affairs,
Communication.

 Article 356 can not imposed over Jammu & Kashmir.

 There will not any role of Indian election commission in J&K.

 In the matter of external attack, the superior authority will be J&K legislature
to take any decision.
 There is no any column for Civil services in J&K like IAS, IPS, IFS etc.

 There is very little role of Parliament & President over J&K.

 State cases like land disputes, rights disputes will not consider in High Court.

 There shall not be any hearing in Supreme court related to any special case
of J&K.

 J&K doesn’t allow any special reservation for SC, ST and OBC.