The Urs Antiqua8 37. Examples of Organum from Musica Enchiriadis _7aSeret simple organam at che th Vox Princialis % a Tore wis em-pi- uta ge A= s wk Vox Organs _37b Strict composite organum at the fourth ¥0. WE Tu Paws som-pi-ter mis Fe us vB i Fei ve. 4376 Strict composice orgasm atthe if vo. P. Wo St #0 - a8 Do-mi-ai in we-cu-lyy he - Ai - tur Do-mi-nus in v- pe-wi- hu wi VF. 7d Free ongansit, ve, VO.Rex ce - i; Do-mi-ne om-ris un= di - w - aonb PEE agua a gue > 376 Free orgasumm ve V0. Te bu - mi - lees ma—b, moda lin ve - Se i be-s -w- um a-n Mier, Snipes icesiasic de Mia. (Se hive, #784} J, DP, 164, 106, 167,169 and 970. ‘The musical llustaconsin the yth-cencury Frankish ratses Maries Swirls and Shale Bachirsds re the wales known evarnples oF polyphouyic. of mnaiexn which ewo or more melodic line ace soinded sronce. This primitive polyghony, which was known as Organi, ee tao exitrce im the same aca sd only ctl Ler tam the practices cof oping and sequonee composition, and ike them is purpose was don and elaborate che liturgy. Ke did so by adding another vol line — the evs organic ton existing phinchant~the ox princi, Ln ely ‘organ headed paciay wndemeach the phinsong, The tw voce procredid inesaedy pucliel motion a fil ox tourth spare (3razsrict >smpleonganum), To enhance he sonorey the pleinsong eu be doubled sn octae lower andor the vox organs cou be doubled an octave bigher (37h c: sie compote organi) OF goester Snaportance forthe ihre ws the bnigue ores organ, which, nes dpe Roa on mas ‘onder to avoid the harmonic titone wich certain melodie progressions Inparalel motion would producs, abandoned pszlllin in favour of ‘more independent patt-movement. Fhe nsual procedure ws forthe ‘ices to Begin on a unison, fr che vox exaanalis sei on the ical pitchunrl theplamsong had moved a four or fii away tom ad for the vo voices then to movein parallel intervals ust theend ofthe phase, when they etizned ina union ina varery of ways (374 and ‘oe organun) ‘Thou art the everlasting Som of the Father. Feo the Te Dow May ae zlory ofthe Lord endure forever the Lord shall egoce his, works, (From Palin 303 (104) King of Hesven, Londo€ the roar ta, of dhe shining un and she clark earth, Thy hurbeservans, by soeehipping with pious pheaey, “Thee to fe thont =3¢ Thy eoutand fon thei unde il (Aleiough piven a seporace exsnples, rand sor woeds fom dh one Sequence}38. Alleluia Te martyrum Frecorganum Anony:nous (School of Winchester, 1050) ae a a SS 35 st Te mr = y = num The Ala zt Oh go446 olichneidor, Be Onuninsen Wise (ides, 2165) pp 103-4 a rspete After sis Sinchinade thers are ow surviving esarmples of ngsmam, ToaiTehe arly rt centuey. One source particslelysmiparetin that Ingrexavess hage sorking eepertory rater than afew briefesamsples ilkorraing attetite isthe Winchester Proper of 1350, Eoe many yours thenotanou oF thy muawuscripe was eotideced despherable, bac recent ‘owinTe sieges crore. Ph Winchesser organ —sctigs af Kyrie lear nus the intoemaion on anu Gloria raps, Alle ‘organi given by Guikla of Arerz0 in hit treative Mies!iu’at woe ae tore Fees organue the poteeesd type, with parle, eonerry. sii. sud obliga mio being snteraaigle ard withthe woies occasionally frossing, The vox peicipliscontinacs 10 hs the highor ofthe ro ps, ‘hich move alot sreeely in nocengarnstenow fins. The cf the Tepe shows thas pol pnonic composition had spread fio France io England by th early Heh cantor Allens, The noble army of maa pease The Lord. Alle86 39. Alleluia Justus ut palma Free organum Anonymous ceatise Ad! Orpamum Faciemdumt (1100) Vox Organalis Solis) 7 SS Se Goins ————$———— —S= ? = Tu > us noma fe ese Se oS Jo = sus at fo - eT bie Teuce- + (0) Vox Organais:D notin MS. The pofyphonic Alea was repeat nd nt flowed by she parang ccxample from the ease only hose portions whic would be sang by apes amerssase ed bleh dee Stung Prevaichee Kulu, MS deo, 150, Nil, itisnea Arubrosians, MS £7 Supp, £3. Dasing om shou 1120, he anonymous Ereacla reatze ‘On the ‘Camposing oF Organische enreewource ro pace the vax organs, above the vox principal, hos creating what came w bethe standard reltionship beowcen a plinsong nd newly-couposed voice. in his solpists ate provided with an arganal part. Thispractice, which wat rossbly suggested bythe dificalty whiel a choi might nave experienced in eoding and learning melodies outside che usa plinsong repertery and in singing thers agains « more familar melodic Fine also seasained sstelad forthe restof the medieval petod, Alleluia. The rghteonsshall ouch ike a palmate, and shall spose abroad like cedar Libanus, Alleluia40. Rex omnia tenens ‘Troped Benedicamas Domine Anonymous (School of St Martah, 1150} = 6 Bogs ta tent Sp = cen es pm + phe sa ey Eontmen iemen in pep ee SSS ae PNP = we ee he feo = di 2 9 = = SS = Fon wos mt os ein i-th to__ —besne = di = ca = mus cor -de.Ne Tne ARS ANTIQUA, SED “This and the next example ate ciksn fos one of the sosalld'Se Maral nanuscrips. Those ures preserves rspestory aanating rem, Southson France bewscen soul eaoand 1272, slchauplsehey ease he provedta hve originated at diy Beusicting Abiev of Sc Marta ae Limoges For mach af then sph cata canes His vag coltwally fone of the most ative pares af ape, mace contre of wep, sequence, and polyphonic compotion andthe izliplage ot the Teobador cultore, Aa enpoeant slic :nsovarion i the St Mortal palyshany ‘occured through he introduction su whic the organal voiee sang severai notes over asingle tate of che vex papas, The era srgaun casita be applied es thisespe of malate motien over ‘pay 41. De monte lapis Anonymous (School of St Merial 1150) sostained plainsong note shi the hitherenpresalng dote~iginaras seylebecanve brewn asian. Ja bis eed Be deiains Duvanas eho original words ecu ad end af the test He rwosyles have not yet boven fully dissnc, Polyphowc seen of Benen Donn ate conan and probably ceplaced a planong setting atthe ed ef Matias, Lauds, 0 Vespers “The King wlio holes sway overall shiny came frou His macher’s woe lke wbeidegcesun bright frou the msaziage chamber, ks the sun avn vending slight nea everv where, Thusehe prophet foretold in Ins ovonds"A lhe iesen among the people’. Wish joy fl ose, less therefoe bless the Lord. VouPrincpiie "De mon eis = is soa - Se ee ee ee = SIUre ==40. Rex omnia tenens ‘Teoped Benedicamus Domine Anonymous School of Se Martah, 1150) so Rages em I <= 18 Sonesus we (crs ee ee SS ee a a eo er er ae) == = eS SS a: Spm de lem te mB (i ne ee Dan hom f wo Sem i os = Dre que bom iM we 7. Se pe al fee ee ee ee see Seca ——— Topi cy Bronte me nope - SS SS cum De pw thee ce Eksorument lumen in pops ISDEMONTE LARS 89 == SSS Se SS = Sas re rr ee SSS sum OT pa a mes reg-mi = ne hominis ia au = mortar an de mi-ne De-ws sivce se-mi-ne neewsat de tr- ge - = te SED. sreasszarion [A wone is becker of from the mowntsin ue no elping hard is rom the earth th er and crear of Chisesamleshow a cleareruud more eléconsciousdiferetation ___intralveed. A Founeai tewween the organol and diane pls the etre boing wed for se sat allzhiugsisbors trem is nowhec. Proweed by theliand of assan ody af dhe est while te Former iseeteeved for the eaderelal poins. The according to the divin yall, God is boon of virgin witht win seed tet sno ewes ands tied ig uncertain42. Kyrie Rex immense, Pater ‘Troped Kyrie (Codex Calivtiges, mid-rath century) idence of French infuses, Its twents-ane tsle co the Se Marcial eomposiions. The tare of Latin and Gree 43. Alleluia Non vos relinquam with clausula-motet Homo quo vigeas/Homo quo vigeas/Et gaudebit ‘Organum duplum and three-voice cluusnla-motet: Alleluia at Mass on Ascension Day, Anonymous (Organum from period of Léonin, «1170; claulae motee from period of Pérotia 1.1200) Beat ¢ ‘Sole DupliumNON VOS RELINGEAM gt2 THBARS ANTIQLA 9, 20 Bs a, 1.NOM Vos RELINQEAM 93 19 (Testum| Dus ante Ho = my que i= gene aT Mate, ae dene fons ce aa Ter moors re = tor gatas os ad Os th co mee eco dh he ee re94 Turars antiga om ~ vu snd a, Pes Gon = d+ deta gue slam ng Be an =m No 28 soe on per-pe-ra-um gaurd ~ bie p60 SS SSS SS sat 208 Triplum: MS. GSa Alleluia: Fag [Chiusalsontotet: P83, “Thety ages: during che middle ofthe rath century a school of polyphonic ssomparition entre ow thomew cathodtslof Notee Dame at Pats begun in rats). The achieve of this Para school wore retark le. te fast kann acer L 7. composed polyphonic setnys of the elo portions Mesponsoiss, Gradual, Alleluias ot. fo the mar feast ofthe eluurh yeas, any of thew songs beng sabsoqusntly revised and broughe up 6 date by hissuoeesor Déraint1fio~-1235) [Léonin we ftied chit ava composer in che arganal styl, writing rclinsiata of cost kngth and feedomm over the sotained notes ofthe pleitsong. Acabour ths ce ch sustaining funedion ot che vos Principals le och Woige being called che nor fom tebe, 12 hala, while the vox orgsnals became hnown 3 the pli come ‘voige, SWe will se se cerms rom naw om. Léomin also wroee in discant sevle. Organnn and discant usally alternate ee Notze Dare omposinious. ch Fonnce being preferred when the pinion tenor has ‘nly one note roa syllbleand che Ltcr being preferred when the plamcons is liamatie. Pezotin meoduced the echnique of Composition in mare than te parts, comsoties adding rp and fever a yuri above dae teae-dupivm passing, bx modeeni2ing LLéonin'snanic he replaced someaf the organs pasages with tions in thedhen tore popular dacant style. Much of his output inact consists of doyle ~ sort eniapiions in diecane style whic sve ox hoi eonaea tstlimnatic extract From a plnsong,— which could beinsercd tthe appropriate point in a plsinvo 1g polyphonic work: Clausulae blten havea strongly eepectiverhythnie character wih te upper voices sowing meanaey metre ayer arauor constructed asa repeated rhythatic patter or rds abc 1308 che practice atone of adding ext tothe luppor pars of cuss an extension ofthe idea of roping, When provided with stow rea clausola duplam waeealed 3 woiewes hence arose duc imiporeant gents ofthe mes acomyprstion widhone]r nines independently -tested upper woiess over psinsong tenor. The espe noaton of rhythm appears forthe Rest Gm t aanuseeprcot she Nowe Dame repertory. Tews devised chitin ender tase dasa snc tx congantm cplurs, andthe extent of tsapplication 19 amie in organ Guplam is debatable. Que canseription of dhe onganal seco af ths Alleluiais, therfore, offered with due retervation. Feo the Alla Now we fing was amentzey teoupare composition, probity by Léonia. Te che rwonpare discane eye etn ofthe cnr melisma omer gaudehie Bérotin ara contemporary added third voice or tripfuns at about thesame tie this causula was conscread ntoa moter by the provision of kext beginning Home quo vigeas in che duplum and riplun. Two features of ths catwulascotet ate of special interes the tenor iscomsercted 3.4 repeated two-bur hy thie phrase or ordo, and for purely mul reasons ~ the plamsong melisma s stated evze. The developmsneof these ewe principle of orgasization was eventually 9 cultmatein the technigue a isaryainn. Movers adseiy lan © oan, sgeiow you should Housish. Yoe should be rete God, eject hope, and burn intardly and shine ourwardly in [Bith. You should tum chs head ofthe turde-dove hse oie wings, thereby teaching hy word of mouth tha lfecomesfurth rom the hears ‘of the fitfal luck owe th ws co sow the lily by shore, shar by this deed vammay grow splendidly strong i wietue ro wtsp he garlic Jie ehe weed), You should br mize che wellbeing overvbody ‘You should hae all wicked pleasures. Consider your actions, beens sear do not you wil be darned, Do your dary t9 behave on ths cathy vid and thao the prise ofthe heavenly kiwdgors, And thus sour cil joie forever, Tall not abandon yout ascephans go and comer ‘Seseebeone ean will eeauaee, ATE