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This is the actual composition of the 2008 and 2009
incoming MBA classes at the Kelley School of
Business at IU. Names have been omitted for
confidentiality.
Student Gender Nationality Gender Count Pct of total
1 M USA M 167 73.6%
2 M USA F 60 26.4%
3 M India
4 F India Nationality Count Pct of total
5 M USA Austria 1 0.4%
6 F USA Brazil 2 0.9%
7 M USA Canada 1 0.4%
8 M USA China 14 6.2%
9 M USA Croatia 1 0.4%
10 M India Dominican Republic 1 0.4%
11 M India Ecuador 1 0.4%
12 M USA India 46 20.3%
13 M USA Italy 1 0.4%
14 F USA Japan 4 1.8%
15 M India Kazakhstan 1 0.4%
16 F Thailand Mexico 2 0.9%
17 M USA Nigeria 2 0.9%
18 M USA Pakistan 1 0.4%
19 F USA Peru 1 0.4%
20 M USA South Korea 13 5.7%
21 M USA Taiwan 5 2.2%
22 M USA Thailand 2 0.9%
23 M USA USA 128 56.4%
24 M USA
25 M South Korea Nationality Count Pct of total
26 F China China 14 6.2%
27 F China India 46 20.3%
28 M China Japan 4 1.8%
29 M USA South Korea 13 5.7%
30 M South Korea Taiwan 5 2.2%
31 F South Korea USA 128 56.4%
32 F China Other 17 7.5%
33 M Brazil
34 M USA
35 M Brazil
36 F USA
37 M USA
38 F USA
39 M India
40 M USA
41 M USA
42 M USA
43 M USA
44 M USA
45 F USA
46 F USA
47 M USA
48 F USA
49 F USA
50 F USA
51 M USA
52 M USA
53 F USA
54 F USA
55 F USA
56 F USA
57 M USA
58 F USA
59 M USA
60 M Italy
61 M Austria
62 F USA
63 F India
64 M USA
65 F USA
66 M India
67 F China
68 F India
69 M USA
70 M USA
71 M USA
72 F USA
73 M USA
74 F Mexico
75 F USA
76 M India
77 M USA
78 M China
79 M Taiwan
80 F USA
81 M USA
82 M Nigeria
83 M USA
84 M India
85 F Croatia
86 M India
87 F USA
88 M South Korea
89 M USA
90 F USA
91 M Japan
92 F USA
93 M India
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inserted. In this connection, it is interesting to note that considerable
experimenting with twelfths in the Ski-optometer proved them to be
needless, inasmuch as the instrument’s cylindrical lenses set directly
next to the patient’s eyes overcome all possible loss of refraction, as
explained in a later paragraph.
Transposition of Lenses
It is commonly understood that transposition of lenses is merely
change of form, but not of value.
For example, a lens +1.00 sph. = -.50 cyl. axis 180° may be
transposed to its equivalent, which is +.50 sph. = +.50 cyl. axis 90°.
The accepted formula in this special instance is as follows:
Algebraically add the two quantities for the new sphere, retain the
power of the original cylinder, but change its sign and reverse its axis
90 degrees. Applying this rule, a lens +.75 sph. = -.25 cyl. axis 180°,
is equivalent to +.50 sph. = +.25 cyl. axis 90°.
Similarly, a lens +1.00 sph. = -1.00 cyl. axis 180° is equivalent to
+1.00 cyl. axis 90°.
One of the difficulties in transposing is in reversing the axis. In
such cases, it is well to memorize the following simple rule:
To reverse the axis of any cylindrical lens containing three
numerals—add the first two together and carry the last. For example,
from 105 to 180 degrees, etc.:
105° Add—one and “0” equals 1 Then carry the 5 = 15°
120° Add—one and two equals 3 Then carry the 0 = 30°
130° Add—three and one equals 4 Then carry the 0 = 40°
150° Add—five and one equals 6 Then carry the 0 = 60°
165° Add—six and one equals 7 Then carry the 5 = 75°
180° Add—eight and one equals 9 Then carry the 0 = 90°
Rigidity of Construction
Illustration on following page (Fig. 11a) shows the reinforced
double bearing arms which hold the Ski-optometer lens batteries at
two points. This eliminates possibility of the instrument getting out of
alignment, and prevents wabbling or loose working parts.
The broad horizontal slides shown in the cut, move in and out
independently so that the pupillary distance is obtained for each eye
separately by turning the pinioned handle on either side of the
instrument. The scale denotes in millimeters the P.D. from the
median line of the nose outward, the total of both scales being the
patient’s pupillary distance.
Fig. 11a also serves to show the staunch construction of the base
of the Ski-optometer.
Fig. 11a—Showing staunch construction
of Ski-optometer base.
The Phorometer
As previously stated, it is practically impossible to accurately
diagnose a case of muscular imbalance with trial-case prisms. For
this reason the phorometer forms an important part of the equipment
for muscle testing in the Ski-optometer, having proven both rapid and
accurate. It consists of two five-degree prisms with bases opposite,
each reflecting an object toward the apex or thin edge. The patient
whose attention is directed to the usual muscle-testing spot of light,
will see two spots.
Aside from the instrument itself, and in further explanation of the
phorometer’s principle and construction, when two five-degree
prisms are placed together so that their bases are directly opposite,
they naturally neutralize; when their bases are together, their
strength is doubled. Thus while the prisms of the phorometer are
rotating, they give prism values from plano to ten degrees, the same
being indicated by the pointer on the phorometer’s scale of
measurements.
As a guide in dark-room testing, it should be noted that the
handle of the phorometer in a vertical position is an indication that
the vertical muscles are being tested; if horizontal, the horizontal
muscles are undergoing the test.