Kakoit Obl HH ObLIAa COMNMAIMCTHYecKad HACONOrHA, OHA CO3TaBala B ronopax 6onbUMHCTBa rpaxyaH CCCP a6cmpaxmuyio domunanmy, wim, nyumle cKa3arb, OoMuHaNmy abcmpaKmnozo, KOTOPaA B TOK YH MHOli cTemeHM NepecuiMBaia KH, HO Kpalineli Mepe, ocma6nasla, CTpemMJIcHHe ACKIIIOUMTCIbHO K M aTepHasib HOH BEITose w yoBomBCTBHIM. Ceityac Tako ober aOcTpaKTHOH JOMHHaHTbI HeT, @ BCe MOMBITKH e€€ CO3/aTb OKaHYMBaIOTCA 2aJIKHM riopaxenuem. Kak 6ysmpxaiimee oueBuHoe CyIex{CTBHe —9TOTO Ha6mo0qaem AYXOBHYIO AerpaalyHro HaceneHHa. Oco6eHnxHo Bce 9TO 3aMeTHO Ha TipHMepe MOJIOMOrO NOKONCHHA, monet B BO3pacTe TO 20-25 ner. loxany, MOXKHO YTBepKMaTb, 4UTO 9TO KaK pas PiaBHast ripoOeMa COBPeMeHHOH MOO LEK — OTCYTCTBHE WIM OYeHb Maras AONA aécmpaxmuozo B ee TONOBe, HTH, mpaBHipyee cKa3arb, WON BIIMAHHA, OKa3bIBacCMaa aOcTpakTHBIM Ha ee camMooripesesieHue, ompeyesenve €¢ %KH3HCHHBIX MpMOpuTeToB, NOMIOLeHHOCTb, 3aXBAYCHHOCTS MaTepHalbHBIM, KOMKpeTHEIM. IMeHHO B 9TOM, Hayo TYMaTb, KOpeHb BCeX CONMANBHIX Ge, ACCONMAPYeMbIX HBbIHe C MOJIONbIM DOKOJICHHEM (MonoyexHasa TIpectyMHOCTb, HapKOMaHAA, IIbAHCTBO Hi 1.1L). Ecnu Her oOmei aOcrpakTHoli MOMHHAaHTHI, YeOBeK crapaeTed caM e@ CO3faTb. OWWaKO 9TO He Merko HW MayeKO He KaxknoMy 910 yaeTcs. PonutenH B 9TOM celtuac Ma@iO B YeM cnocoOHBI TIOMOUB eTAM, MOCKOJIbKY OHH caMH TloO6HyrO JOMMHAHTY yrpaTHuIn. A npuyer 1m Meccua? YIEA TOCTYLY B ICTOPLOCO®Ii «PAHHBOrO» ®PAHKA lon. — nou. Apriox B.O. Iyea mocryny, ocrarouHo chopmMoBana y XVIII cromirti ii pospanyTa Bxe y XIX, mana 6araTbox TIpHXWIbHHKiB i cepey npecTaBHUKiB ykKpaiHCbKOi inocodcpKo-icropa4nol i comianBHoi aymxu. OJHMM 3 TakHX YKpaiHCbKHx intenextyalis, Wo WignaB mist BIVIMB Mboro MacoRoro BipyBaHHA MOjlepHO! eMOXH 6yp Ipan panko (1856-1916). 173Y coli pannii poGoti «Mucii o esomouit B icropii snonchKocTI» (1881 p.) Opanko creepxye: «Llo6 omHuM normsqOM o6nsaTH Bei bakra icropii, Tpe6a craTH Ha BULLY TO4KY — 3a2atbnoi ceouoyii>. BusHayaioun cemMaHTHKy oHATTA eBomoMis, BiH CXHAAETHCA TO Tied MYMKH, HO eBOIIONia (posBHTOK) — He He MHUNe Te, IMO NPOTHCTOITS peBomonii, are i BUXOAAGH «Bi MepBicHoi AMKOCTI 4YONOBIKa, MICTHTh B cobi moctyn A&KO 2oMoeHuit i BHPOIKyBAHHA (qereHepaliio) AKO NOGITHHH, NidpxOnUd CKTAANK) [4, c. 81]. Ore, esomonia aK POHOBE MOHATTA MiCTHTE y CBOEMY o6ca3i H BuOBI ToHSATTA Mporpecy (nocrymy) i noMATra perpecy (supowxenna).’ Posrnaqaiogn Baaemoniro Mik MocTyNoM i perpecom («qloctyiioM Ha3ay») MHcITHTeSE cTBEpw Kye, WO «MOCTyM Hallepey € HPOABOEO MepBICHOIO, MepeBaxKarouoro i HOPMANEHOIO; NOCTYM Hazay — MposBo10 NisHiMI0I i XOpobsMBoro» [4, c. 82]. Takum unHoM, ®panko ue 6yB npuxuneHMKoM igei ogHoniniituoro noctyny. SaraibHa eBosonia He € E7HHAM IIPOUecoM, a UIBHAUIe cykyMHicTIO BiJHOCHO aBTOHOMHHX MpoUccis, AKi BKIEOUAIOTS KpiM yeKlaqHeHHsa Ta BUOCKONANeHHs i perpecuBHe cnpomeHHa cycnimpHol opranizamii. Posrasyaiow yani mporec morcEKoi ictopii mig Kytom 30py enomouii, DpanKo HesBaxaioun Ha cade 3HaHHA GaraThOx cropix «teopil HaykoBoro couiatismMy» Bce o%K TakKH 3a anamoricio 3 MaPKCHCTCBKUMH MocTysaramu BubyzoBye nepioM3altiio MONCEKOT icropii. Esomonia y Hboro icuye y bopmi craniansxoro pospurky, I Nepuiolo ~Tako1o cTagielo (f060K0) Ha cxOmMHKAaX moctyny MHCIIATeJb Ha3HBae TepBicHy. Y cBo1w yepry md Wo6a posminsereca ' Tina nopiznauHs wapenemo CHiBBiqHOIeHHA Mik nousTramH esomouii Ta noctyty y pociiicsKoro peniriiinoro @inocoda Cepria Byzraxopa, onHoro 3 naiiOinbm ranGoKux Kputuxie inet Mporpecy 3 nosuuiit peniriiino’ pinocopii. Bia Hucab: “TeOpUA Mporpecca sABAAeTCA WIR MeXaHHCTHMeCKOrO MHponOHHMaHHa TeoMueeli, 6e3 KOTOpoit He mMoxer, OMCBHAHO, YeoBeK OOoiiTHCK. Paffom c MOHATHEM 3BOIICUHH, 6ecuenbHoro uM ®eccmbicnenHoro Pa3BuTHA, co3laeTca NOHATHE Nporpecca, 2BOMOUHH TeneonorMueckoil, B KOTOpOH NpW4HHHOCTR H MocrenevHOe packpbITHe wenH stoi >zB0mONHH copnmaqaioT go monHoro oTOKIECTBNeHHA... O6a yueHHs — 0 MexaHucTHyecKoit SBOTOUHH KO Nporpecce, — kak 6&1 OHM HM pa3HHNHch TO cBOHM BBIBOaM, — COCAMHEHBI MOKITy CObOIO HeoOXODMMO BHYTpeHHeli ecan He AOTHYECKOH, TO TICHXOTOrHYeCKOI CBAIBIO i) 174Ha maa nepiogu. Tepmaii — we meppicumit: «ocim TeMHa no06a po3cumHoro XKUTTA TWOLeH», 3a KOI «HONOBIK 2*KHB 1UJ1KOBHTHM 3BipoM 110 Micax, MO jepeBax i mo ckanax, He 3HaIouN Hioro, He TyMatoun, He 3aCTAHOBIIAIONHC, 6e3 MoBH, 6e3 BipH, Ges HaliMeHWOrO CHily AKOI-HeOyIb KYIBTYpH, %KMB 3 HA B ACHb B HenacuTHilt, Ge3sMipHo Baxkili SopoTE6i 3a icHyBanHa» [4, c. 91]. 3a nepuiuM ige Apyruit nepion, Korpnit Bin 3a T.Cnencepom Ha3nBae nepiojoM «laHyBaHHA WepemMonit Ta o6paniB». Tlepricnii no6i B uisomy y saliGinpm nosuilt Mipi nputamanHa Ais WapBinicTcbKoro 3aKOHY Goporh6u 3a icHyBaHHs. Bsarani cami no3uTuBicru (qo inet axux y GaraTbox acrieKTax HaOnwxKanuca i nornaqu Monoxoro @panka) i3 3aq0B0eHHAM BUKOPHCTOBYBaTH §=MoCcTyaTA HapBinismy, MpHkiayaow ix 70 cotliamuoro x«uTTA. Mepm™ couiat-fapBinictoM 3 TOBHHM T1paBoM MoxKHa BRaxkaTa Bce Toro *« I’.CneHcepa, y couionoriumiit Teopii skoro japBinictcbKi apryMeHTH 3aiimaloTh WeHTpavIbHe mice. Mononnit panko wxKepesa cycrinbHOrO pO3sBUTKy TAaKOK Boayae B HapsivicrcbKili inei 3aKoKy MpApowHoro no6opy, 60 «... YOsOBiK, sKO 3Bip Oo cBOi opraHizanil, HABITS 1KO 3pip cyciimbunit, CTOITb mix, cunoro toro 3aKony» [4, c. 106]. ¥ neppicHy o6y «,. .ApHpowHHit yobip 3 mona Gionori4Horo TepexOAHTb Ha moe comionorivne, i KoHedHa pid, MO Ha TviM HOBIM TOM MycuTb npuinaTn ii HOBAH BUTMAL, He 3MiHSIONH, BIPOYIM, CBOCI icTOTH> (4, c. 106]. Baarami, Ti MoMenTH coniail-qapBiHi3My, UO Tak ACKPaBoO TIPOABNAIOTECA y pauniit tBopyocti pauKa xapakTepH3yIOTECa onHiEIO THNOBOHO O3HAKOKO — couiaibHe 2KHTITA BUCTyHae NOM GeaepepsHoi SopoTbOu, KOHpKTIB Mix in_MBiAaMu, ComiaibHAMH rpynama = Tas iC THT Wi. usinizania = i = Mocrym™» po3stlONMHaloTECA TO, KON Gopotn6a 3a icHyBAHHA MepeXoAMTh BIL GopoTh6u «KoxHO! OHA 3 OKpy%KalOHOIO TIPHpOMOIO 3a CBOE ICHYBaHHS)) Ha AKICHO HOBHH piBCHb — AO TBOpPCHHA KOJICKTHBHHX opm ichyBaHHA (acouiauili Ta Koonepauii) ak HacnioKy tTakoi GopoTb6u Ta Tenep yrxKe Gopoth6u 3a icHyBaHHA MbK TaKHMH konextusama [4, ¢. 95]. Brim, ne3Baxkaioun Ha 3aCTOCYBAHHA paxkom jo Teopii eBomouil imei coniau-2apBinisMy, MH He NoMiuacMo y HBOFO BiLBepTorO Giosoriunoro peayKuioni3my xoua 6 175TOMY, LUO MOMIMpeHHs 3aKoniB HpApozHOro ZObopy ta 6bopoTE6u 3a icHyBanua OOMexyerTECH B OCHOBHOMY TlepsicHoro 06010 i, mo me BakinBilne, Oopotb6a 3a icHyBaHHA BHCTyMaC AHUIe OFHHM i3 MOMeCHTIB y JianeKTH4Hiit B3aemMogii 3 mpouecamu Koonepaii i i B3aeMOAOIOMOTH. I TYT BiH HaBITb 3aKHJae WeaKHM AapBinictam, ski HeqoOayaiorh, Wo «TIMEKH 31pyxKeHHA TOC B rpomagu, Wremena i AcpKaBH MOIIO pO3BUTH B HHX THcaYHi ZyXoBi cnociOHOcTI, camy OCHOBY BCAKOI KyIbTypH» [4, c. 95]. Alpyrow 06010 B ictopii moncrsa @pauKo wHa3nBae «cTapHHHAi cBitm, 6ykBarbHo TepeKnagaroun 3 aaTHHCHKOY Ha ykpaiHceky Mosy TepMin antiquus (anTuquuii). Ane aK BHQHO 3 NOAAMHIUOrO BUKMALY B We MOHATTA BiH BKNOUAe He JMIMe sk Npuiinato ictopiio Tpenii ta Pumy, ane if Kpain CrapoyasHboro Cxony. Ina nici ictopwunol yo6u upHTaManHi yBi xapaxtepHi BsacMonon’a3ani pucu: Tupaniuua dopma npapminHa, KOH «BCI BiIbHi B JepKaBi He Mam HisKoro nomiTH4HOFO mpapa cyipoTa uapa» [4, c. 117] 1a pabcrao («HeBOJBHRUTBOY), rpKepelLOM sxKOTO Oymu uacti Bit. @panko taKxox kouctatye i cneympixy cycninpHoro nay Ha Cxosi, Kom Bu3Hadac PON Ci/CbKOI OONHHH B Horo ictopii («Po3ymierbca, m0 Ae KOpucTb 3 o6utHHHOrO TOCHOaplOBaHHA piBHOBAKHTECH abo if nepesumyjana foro HCHOrOAH, TaM BOHO BaepxKanoca i NOHHHI, aK Ha ocrposi Aga, B Tnnii, Pocii i t.2.» [4, c. 114). Oke, tyr MoxkHa mpymyctaTa, m0 igei, aki y Mapxca i Enrensca BpelITi BUMINCh y BYeHHA mpo creyupivnuii casiatesxnii cnocié BHPOOHHITBa» Ta MOKIMBICTB mepexony B Pocii qo conianismy “epes CeIAHChKy OOMMHY HoMy 6y1H Binomi. Tlepexig Big g06u «3 ctaposmmuoro crita AO cepenHix BiKiB»y Ta 4 ypech HacrynHnit nepion eogani3my po3symietscs @pauKom aK «MlovactH perpec, a novacrn ii mporpec». Ha nMoyaTKy CepegHix BiKiB y mo6y «BenuKoi BaHOpiBkH HapomiBy onHO3HAMHO nepesaxac perpec, Ppanko Hapits HasuBac 10 Ao6y «oaHuM 3 HaliBuARiMx. 3004eHB B icTopii» [4, c. 117-118]. Mocryn >xe y TOpiBHAHHI i3 CTapoaBHiM CBITOM HousTae B TOMY, LO «TUUIAHCTBO, XOTH i B AKHX AHKUX Ta TpyOMx opMax BOHO He pa3 MpoOsBianoca, Bce-raKn CTaHOBHTb NOctyn ryMaHHocri cynporu crapHHHoro HeBiBHHYTBa» 176[4, c. 120]. Tipu xapaxtepacrami deoxambHoro yeTporo PpaHko Ha nepuie Mice BMBOAMTS BINHOCHHH «clo3epeH — Bacal», AK pe3yIbTaT po3qaBanHA B3EMCJIb clo3sepeHaMi cCBOIM BacajiaM 34 ocoOucry Bimanicts i cxyx6y, are Box ua deomamBHa iepapxia MOxKNMBa JTAMe «Ha Tpynti Kpinaymea i niddancmea pemicnukip Ta xmi6opo6is».[4, c. 119]. Jlani wacrae ac 4erTBepToi noOu — «nopayky KanliTalicrH4Horo», akHi y cCBOIO Yepry, cKaaceThCA 3 ABOX MOCHiAOBHUX Mepiozis — cnouatky fige manyBanHa y BUpOOHHUTBI ManyaktypH, Ha 3Miny aK DpHXOAUTS cba6prane BHpOOHHUTBO. Ile vac ekonomi4Hol i nomiTHIHOL CHK «TPeTbOi BEPCTBE, JO AKOT Bin 3apaxopye «arauis i xanitanicris» [4, c. 126]. [Iporpec Ha IbOMY eTalli TEx Mae cynepewruBHiK i He BeeodiimMarounii Xapaktep. Bsarani, «mManybaktypa i cbaOpuka — ce Te TIO npopyKuiitte» [4, c. 130], ake, y CBOIO 4epry, BU3Hadae Bci cTOpoHH cycmimpHoro i HOMITHIHOTO WKATTA TOTEM. TakuM 4YHHOM foMiuena iges octymy B MHHYIOMYy PO3MOBCIOAKYETHCA notim @pankom i Ha MailOyTHE. Ia pHMycopicTs omepailil NpeHeceHHa HarBHOrO NlocTyity 3 MHHYs0rO B Maii6yTHe Mo3BonAe MoTiM @pankosi cupuiimara welt camuit noctyn sk 06’€XTHBHUH MeXxaHi3M, akuit cpiyjomicto cy6’eKTa Ti3HaHHA Mme dikcyerbcaA 1 Ha3MBacTECA, alle Hi B AKOMY pa3i He Tropatpca. Orke paHKOM KOHCTpYIOcTECAa GaxaHa MO/euIb Maii6yTHBOTO, KOM «Kamital — 3106yTOK BCETHONCHKOT CYCHiIbHOL npani, Gye H cycrimpHO1O pnacnictio» [4, c. 133]. PoOiTHuKH, m0 ctamm fo Gopors6u i3 cBitoM Kallitany «uBHWe 4H Wi3Hille», ale 060B7s3KOBO BHELYTe i3 Hei Mepemoxnsmn i «Toni OcTaHYTbCA Ha cniTi TIIBKH JORH, poOoyi mou — Hi NOHWK HUX, Hi DOBHII HAX He 6yne inmol BepcTBH. Po6oua cnizka MbkK moubMu nifime 70 HaigocKoHaimoi, waM Tenep spicnoi cryneni» [4, ¢. 134], — nigcyMosye panko cBoi yaBTeHHA Mmpo oco6smBocri =pyxy snogicpKoi icropii. Be3 omucy miei ocraHHboi 06n Gyo Hespo3yMisio Kym rpsmye mporpec moycTBa. A Tak 3po3yMi10, I1]0 MeTOIO nocrymy € wWlacTa MaseHbKOi nepecianoi suonmHn (WJloquna CNOKOMBiky lparne Jo oanici MerH — Ao MacTA» B, ¢.33]). Ome, acta — We Hanepey, BH3HadeHa MeTa, aKa € TAKHM ‘Teneo OTITHHM 177THIIOM 38’ a3Ky, WO B’spKe MAHysIe, TerlepitHe i MaOyTHE B EXMHH JWaH {ror icTopH4Horo Mmpouecy. Le o3Hatae, IMO MeTa, AKa HE MOKE He Biqo6paxaru peanii TemepimmHporo “acy yABHO «BHHMacTBCA 3 Hii TenepiMHboro if NepeHocuTEca B CaMuii Kieth MaOyTHBOTO yacy i Boke 3BiATH BOHA Kepy€ HanpaMKoM Mporpecy, HiOW AK MarHiT, HIpHtaryiown Horo yo cebe. Aknjo mocnyryBarnch KaTeropiaTbHuM CNOBHHKOM Kanra, TO Take po3yMiHHA MeTH MIporpecy B 4OMYCb MoiGHe KaHTIBCBKO! pery1ATHBHO! igei. Ane @paHko He aki[eHTye Oco6mMBOi yBarls Ha LLOMy Momyci Mafi6yTHsoro. Ile BracHe i IpwHBOMTh 10 emiMinanii HeraTHBHAXx KoHOTaliit igei moctyny y toro cupuiiuarti. He 3anaiotscs, HanpHKal, Taki WMTaHHA, AKi 3aaB MpOrpecHcTcBKili Bipi iHUIHi npeycraBanK pociiichKoi dinocodebKo-nomitm4nol myMKu XIX cr. Onexcangp Tepuex: «Akio noctyn, — 3amutye BiH, — We MeTa, TO AULA KOTO Mu Npartoemo? Xro elt Mouox, skuii Miporo HaOmHKeHHA TPYAIBHUKIB 10 HbOrO 3aMicTb BHHaropogM BizcTynae i, Ha Brixy BUCH@KeHHM i MIpHpeyeHuM Ha 3arHOewb HaTOBMAaM JoMel, sKi Kpwuatb: «Ti, XTO fie Ha CMepTb, BiTaIOTh TeGe», TIBKH i MOxe BiqmosicrH TipKMM rly3yBaHHAM, Ufo Mica ixHboi cmepri 6yye apeKpacHo Ha 3emMii. Hesxxe mpaBoMipKHoO MpHpikaTH cyyacHux Mote Ha KaOriAHy WoO... 6yTH HeMacHHMH pobiTHUKaMH, #Ki no KoiHO y OarHi TarHyTb GapKy... 3 MoKipsmBHM HarIMcoM Ha lipatiopi «iocrym y MaiiOyrHbomy»... Mera, HecKinYeHHO Jameka, le He Meta, a BuBepT» [2, c. 15]. Taka B uWiOMy Mogenb «apaGuaH nporpecyy y Gayenti «panHboro» Mpanka. Le niniiiva i onrumicrayHa cxema epomonii aogcTBa AK CyMM B3aemMomii mporpecuBHoro i perpecuBHoro (pakTopis pH octarounii nepwiocti Bce x TAK NporpecuBKOro. JUTEPATYPA 1, Dysezaxos C.H. Ocuosnpre mpo6nempt teopuu mporpecca // TpoOnempi nmeamsma. - M., 1902.—C. 1-47. 2. Fepyen A. C roro Gepera // Jiutepatypras rasera. — 1990. — No9 (5283). 3. Dpanxo I. Hayxa i ii BsaemanH 3 NpaloroyMN Kacamn // @Ppanko. 3i6panna rBopizs y m’styecaTH Tomax. — K Hayxosa jlymxa, 1986.—T. 45. — C. 24-40. 1784. @panxo I. Mucni o esomonii B ictopii monepxocti // L@panxo. 3i6panns rBopin y M’sTWecHTH TOMAX. Ks Haykora AyMKa, 1986. —T. 45.—C. 76-139. PEHEPHVM ACIEKT CYYACHOI YKPAIHCbKOI TOMY AAPHOL My3HKH Jon. - Monoza K. yTIP-41 Hayx. Kep. - Jom. Ko3HHiepa T.O. Macoga KyIbTypa BH3Hadacthca AK cnemupiuna cucrema TBOpeHHA KYJIbTYPHUX winnocteii, Aki po3paxopaHi Ha MacoBe THp@KYBaHHA Ta CITO%KMBAHHA. Macosa My3M4Ha KyIbTypa € OCHOBHOW TiMKOIO MacoBoi KY/bTypH, TAK AK mie ~My3HKa He norpedye mofepeaHBOro ocmucnenna i aie ofpa3sy Ha emomtil, BukuaKaioun y Cityxaya nesHi aconianii. Cnpomenicts Ta MacoOBicTh posyKTy OGyMOBIICE peamizariio HUM crepeoTHMis, Mi AKMMH ML posymMiemo cTaHfapTH30BaHHit, criiikuii, emouilino-HacuueHnit, uiWnicHo-Bu3HadeHBl OOpas. Macora My3H4¥Ha KylbTypa 4K mpoylykT 3 HaliOiIbulaM HOnMToM, cTana HpoBitHO1O KYJIBTYPHOIO PopMolo, nit BIIMBOM mpowecis rnobanisanii Bova MeperBopyiacd Ha (peHoomeH 3arasIbHOCBITOBOTO macuira6y. Y wWux YyMOBaX ocobsmBoi axtyanbHocti = HaGyBac npodema peanisauii cTepeoTHHIB, couiateHHx Ta ren epHUX, y Macosiit My3H‘Hiit KybTypi. 3a ocTaHHiMH = pe3IbTaTaMHt ykpalHCbkux uapTiB Halinony.spHiMIMMH MOKHA HasBaTH rai KoMno3Huii: JIMJT” BIA TPA, A a 0610" JOnia Pait, ,,Binnpapasta meceypK” H. Morisencpka, — ,.Jlymcwk” Tina Kapons. Ili KOMNO3HItii DpoTpHManHca a60 We TPHMAIOThCA Ha OCHOBHHX TO3MMAX B yaptax, Ta neaknit vac 3alMasit 1,23 micua. Ha OCHOBi Iboro MOxKHa 3POOHTH BUCHOBOK, UO gani nici HacripaByii MpeACTaBIAIOTb cysacny ykpailichky MacoBy TA MOD-KysIBTYpy- Hanpuxian, TeKcTH nicenb T.Kaponp >kapriBunBo, ae npHBadsHBo, 306paxkyroTh xKiHKy XTHBOIO, ManoocBiveHoro Ta He LOOPOIM LIMBO. 3REpTAHHA ppejcranneni HeCTsMBUMH COBAMH, 179