MESSIAH THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

PO BOX 1790,
MBALE, UGANDA

NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY COURSE

BASIC CLASS

BY
LEVI WAFULA LUNALO

MAY 2023
COURSE OUTLINE
I. Historical context and background of the New Testament
II. Overview of the Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John)
III. Overview of the Acts of the Apostles
IV. Pauline Epistles (Romans, Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians,
Thessalonians, Timothy, and Titus)
V. General Epistles (Hebrews, James, Peter, John, and Jude)
VI. Book of Revelation
VII. Themes and theology of the New Testament
COURSE OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this New Testament survey course are to:
1. Introduce students to the New Testament and its major themes and ideas.
2. Develop students' understanding of the historical and cultural context in which the New
Testament was written.
3. Help students develop skills in biblical interpretation and critical thinking.
4. Encourage students to explore the ongoing relevance of the New Testament for
contemporary issues and challenges.
5. Foster a deeper appreciation of the diversity of the New Testament and its various literary
genres.
6. Examine the role of the New Testament in shaping Christian beliefs and practices
throughout history.
7. Encourage students to engage with the New Testament as a dynamic and living text,
rather than a static and fixed set of ideas.
8. Foster an appreciation for the ways in which the New Testament has influenced Western
culture and society.
9. Provide a foundation for further study of the New Testament and related fields, such as
biblical studies, theology, and religious studies.
10. Through the achievement of these objectives, students should emerge from the course
with a deeper appreciation of the richness and complexity of the New Testament, as well
as a greater ability to engage critically with its teachings and insights.
COURSE GRADING CRITERIA
The following grading criteria will be used to assess student performance in this course:
Attendance and Participation (20%): Students are expected to attend all classes and actively
participate in class discussions and activities.
Reading scriptures (20%): Students will be given regular reading quizzes to assess their
understanding of the assigned readings.
Written Assignments (10%): Students will be given several written assignments throughout the
semester, such as critical analysis papers, exegetical essays, and book reviews.
Midterm Exam (20%): The midterm exam will cover material from the first half of the course,
including lectures, readings, and class discussions.
Final Exam (20%): The final exam will cover material from the entire course, including
lectures, readings, and class discussions.
Class Presentation (10%): Students will be required to give a brief presentation on a topic
related to the New Testament.
Grading will be based on the quality of the work submitted, including the clarity and coherence
of arguments, the accuracy and depth of analysis, and the overall organization and presentation
of the material. Late submissions will be penalized, and academic integrity violations will not be
tolerated.

INTRODUCTION TO NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY COURSE

The New Testament is a collection of twenty-seven books that form a central part of the
Christian scriptures. It contains the teachings, stories, and letters of early Christian leaders and
communities, and it offers a rich and multifaceted vision of the Christian faith and its
implications for the world.
A survey of the New Testament provides an opportunity to explore the historical, cultural, and
theological context of these writings, as well as to gain insight into the ways in which they
continue to shape Christian belief and practice today. It involves an examination of the books
themselves, as well as the broader historical and literary context in which they were written.
The purpose of this New Testament survey course is to provide students with a broad overview
of the New Testament and its key themes, as well as an understanding of the historical and
cultural context in which the books were written. Throughout the course, we will explore the
major genres of New Testament literature, including the gospels, Acts of the Apostles, the letters
of Paul and other apostles, and the book of Revelation.
We will also examine the historical context of the New Testament, including the political, social,
and religious environment of the Roman Empire during the first century. This will involve a
consideration of the religious and philosophical movements that influenced early Christianity, as
well as the ways in which the early Christians responded to these influences.
Throughout the course, we will seek to understand the New Testament in its historical and
literary context, as well as to appreciate its ongoing significance for Christian belief and practice
today. By the end of the course, students should have a solid understanding of the major themes
and ideas of the New Testament, as well as the historical and cultural context in which these
writings were produced.
In addition to gaining knowledge and understanding of the New Testament, this course also aims
to help students develop skills in biblical interpretation and critical thinking. Through close
readings of the text, class discussions, and written assignments, students will learn to engage
critically with the New Testament and to apply its teachings to contemporary issues and
challenges.
The New Testament has been a source of inspiration and guidance for Christians for almost two
millennia, and its influence extends far beyond the Christian tradition. Its teachings on love,
compassion, and justice have shaped the moral and ethical foundations of Western civilization,
and its stories and characters have inspired countless works of literature, art, and music.
However, the New Testament is not just a relic of the past. Its teachings and insights remain
relevant and challenging to contemporary readers, and its vision of God's kingdom offers a
compelling alternative to the values and priorities of our world today. By studying the New
Testament in this course, students will gain a deeper appreciation of its ongoing relevance and
significance for their own lives and for the wider world.
I. THE HISTORICAL CONTEXT AND BACKGROUND OF THE NEW
TESTAMENT

A. Political and Social Context:

The New Testament was written in the first century AD, during the time of the Roman Empire.
The New Testament authors were writing in a context of political and social upheaval, as well as
significant cultural diversity.
The Roman Empire was the dominant power in the Mediterranean world, having conquered
much of Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa.
Jewish religious leaders were divided over how to respond to Roman rule, with some advocating
peaceful coexistence and others calling for violent rebellion.
The Roman Empire was ruled by a series of emperors, who held absolute power and were seen
as divine by many of their subjects.
The Jewish people were living under Roman occupation and were divided over how to respond
to Roman rule.
B. Cultural Context:
The Greco-Roman world had a rich and diverse cultural heritage, characterized by Greek
philosophy, literature, and art, as well as Roman law, engineering, and military organization.
The spread of Greek culture, language, and ideas throughout the Mediterranean world is known
as Hellenization, and it had a significant impact on Jewish and Christian communities.
Mystery religions and cults were also common in the Mediterranean world, many of which
offered salvation or immortality to their followers.
Many Jews and Gentiles living in the Mediterranean world were influenced by these cultural
traditions, and the New Testament authors were writing in a context of cultural exchange and
interaction.
The New Testament authors were also writing in a context of religious syncretism, where
different religious traditions and practices were combined and adapted to suit local needs.
C. Religious Context:
The Jewish religious landscape in the first century AD was diverse, with different religious
traditions and sects, including Pharisaism, Sadduceeism, Esseneism, and various forms of
apocalyptic Judaism.
The New Testament authors were writing to a diverse audience, including Jewish and Gentile
Christians living in different regions of the Mediterranean world.
The authors addressed issues such as the nature of Jesus Christ, the relationship between Jews
and Gentiles in the church, and the role of the church in the world.
The Jewish people had a long history of conflict with foreign powers, including the Assyrians,
Babylonians, Greeks, and Romans.
The spread of Greek culture and ideas throughout the Mediterranean world, known as
Hellenization, had a significant impact on Jewish and Christian communities.
D. Historical and Literary Context:
The New Testament was written over a period of several decades by multiple authors, including
the Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), Acts of the Apostles, Pauline Epistles (Romans,
Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Thessalonians, Timothy, and Titus),
General Epistles (Hebrews, James, Peter, John, and Jude), and the Book of Revelation.
The authors wrote in different literary genres, including historical narrative, letters, and
apocalyptic literature.
The New Testament was written in Koine Greek, which was the common language of the
Eastern Mediterranean at the time.
E. Audience and Purpose
The New Testament authors were writing to a diverse audience, including Jewish and Gentile
Christians living in different regions of the Mediterranean world.
They were addressing issues such as the nature of Jesus Christ, the relationship between Jews
and Gentiles in the church, and the role of the church in the world.
The New Testament authors were also writing with a specific purpose in mind, whether it was to
encourage, instruct, or warn their readers.
Understanding the historical context and background of the New Testament is important for
interpreting and understanding the messages and themes of the New Testament, and for
appreciating the unique cultural and religious milieu in which it was written.
In summary, the historical context and background of the New Testament is a complex and
multifaceted topic that includes political, social, cultural, religious, historical, and literary
factors. Understanding this context is important for interpreting and understanding the messages
and themes of the New Testament
II. THE OVERVIEW OF THE GOSPELS (MATTHEW, MARK, LUKE, AND JOHN)
A. The Gospel of Matthew (Matthew)
Written by Matthew, also known as Levi, a former tax collector who became one of Jesus'
disciples (Matthew 9:9).
Written primarily for a Jewish audience, emphasizing the fulfillment of Old Testament
prophecies in Jesus' life and ministry (Matthew 1:22-23; 2:15, 17-18, 23; 4:14-16; 8:16-17;
12:14-21; 13:34-35; 21:4-5; 27:9-10).
Contains the famous Sermon on the Mount, which includes teachings on the Beatitudes, the
Lord's Prayer, and other important Christian teachings (Matthew 5-7).
Includes Jesus' birth narrative, as well as his genealogy, showing his connection to the line of
King David (Matthew 1:1-17).
B. The Gospel of Mark (Mark)
Likely the earliest of the four Gospels, written by John Mark, a companion of the apostle Peter (1
Peter 5:13).
Emphasizes Jesus' actions rather than his teachings, portraying him as a powerful miracle worker
and exorcist (Mark 1:23-28; 2:1-12; 5:1-20; 6:30-44).
Includes the story of John the Baptist, Jesus' baptism, and his temptation in the wilderness (Mark
1:1-13).
Ends with the resurrection of Jesus, but with an enigmatic note that the disciples were afraid and
didn't tell anyone what they had seen (Mark 16:1-8).
C. The Gospel of Luke (Luke)
Written by Luke, a physician and companion of the apostle Paul (Colossians 4:14; 2 Timothy
4:11; Philemon 1:24).
Written for a primarily Gentile audience, emphasizing Jesus' compassion and concern for the
marginalized and outcasts of society (Luke 4:16-21; 7:36-50; 10:25-37; 19:1-10).
Includes the story of Jesus' birth, as well as many parables and teachings not found in the other
Gospels (Luke 1:26-56; 2:1-20; 3:21-22; 4:14-30; 10:38-42; 12:13-21; 15:11-32).
Contains the famous parables of the Prodigal Son, the Good Samaritan, and the Rich Man and
Lazarus.
Emphasizes the role of women in Jesus' ministry, including the story of Mary and Martha, and
the women who discovered the empty tomb on Easter morning (Luke 8:1-3; 10:38-42; 24:1-11).
D. The Gospel of John (John)
Written by John, one of Jesus' closest disciples and the "beloved disciple" mentioned in the
Gospel (John 13:23; 19:26; 20:2; 21:7, 20).
Emphasizes Jesus' divine nature and his identity as the Son of God (John 1:1-18; 20:30-31).
Includes the famous "I am" sayings of Jesus, such as "I am the bread of life," "I am the light of
the world," and "I am the resurrection and the life" (John 6:35, 8:12; 11:25).
Contains many unique stories and teachings not found in the other Gospels, such as the wedding
at Cana, the encounter with Nicodemus, the woman at the well, and the raising of Lazarus (John
2:1-11; 3:1-21; 4:1-42; 11:1-44).
Written with a clear theological purpose, emphasizing the importance of faith in Jesus as the key
to eternal life (John 20:31).
E. DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THE GOSPELS:
i. Differences:
The order and arrangement of events are different between the Gospels. For example, the
Sermon on the Mount in Matthew is presented differently than in Luke (Matthew 5-7 vs. Luke
6:20-49).
The emphasis on certain aspects of Jesus' life and ministry varies between the Gospels. For
example, Matthew emphasizes Jesus as the fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies, while Mark
emphasizes his powerful deeds, and Luke emphasizes his compassion and concern for the
marginalized.
The language and writing style vary between the Gospels. For example, John uses more
metaphors and symbolic language than the other Gospels.
ii. Similarities:
All four Gospels tell the story of Jesus' life, teachings, death, and resurrection.
All four Gospels include the story of John the Baptist, Jesus' baptism, and his temptation in the
wilderness.
All four Gospels include Jesus' teachings on love, forgiveness, and the Kingdom of God.
All four Gospels end with the resurrection of Jesus, emphasizing the hope and promise of eternal
life.
Overall, each Gospel offers a unique perspective on Jesus' life and teachings, and together they
provide a comprehensive and nuanced portrayal of the Son of God.
III. THE OVERVIEW OF THE ACTS OF THE APOSTLES
A. Authorship and Date
The book of Acts was written by Luke, a physician and companion of the apostle Paul
(Colossians 4:14; Philemon 1:24; 2 Timothy 4:11).
The book was likely written around AD 62, shortly after the end of Paul's first imprisonment in
Rome.
B. Purpose and Structure
The book of Acts serves as a continuation of the Gospel of Luke, recounting the history of the
early Christian church from the ascension of Jesus to the imprisonment of Paul in Rome.
The book is structured around the ministry of Peter in the first half, and the ministry of Paul in
the second half.
The primary purpose of the book is to demonstrate the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit in the
early church, and to show how the gospel spread from Jerusalem to the ends of the earth.
C. Key Themes and Events
The early chapters of Acts recount the coming of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, the formation of
the early church, and the miraculous healings and conversions that accompanied the apostles'
ministry (Acts 2-5).
The apostles faced persecution and opposition from the Jewish authorities, but continued to
preach the gospel boldly and saw many people come to faith (Acts 6-8).
The conversion of Saul (later known as Paul) on the road to Damascus marks a turning point in
the book, as Paul becomes the primary figure in the second half of the book (Acts 9).
Paul's missionary journeys take him throughout the Roman Empire, where he faces opposition
and persecution but also sees many people come to faith (Acts 13-28).
The book concludes with Paul's imprisonment in Rome, where he continues to preach the gospel
even while under house arrest (Acts 28:30-31).
D. Key Verses
Acts 1:8 - "But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes on you; and you will be my
witnesses in Jerusalem, and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth."
Acts 4:12 - "Salvation is found in no one else, for there is no other name under heaven given to
mankind by which we must be saved."
Acts 9:15-16 - "This man is my chosen instrument to proclaim my name to the Gentiles and their
kings and to the people of Israel. I will show him how much he must suffer for my name."
Acts 16:31 - "Believe in the Lord Jesus, and you will be saved - you and your household."
Acts 28:30-31 - "For two whole years Paul stayed there in his own rented house and welcomed
all who came to see him. He proclaimed the kingdom of God and taught about the Lord Jesus
Christ - with all boldness and without hindrance!
E. Key Characters
Peter, John, James, and the other apostles
Stephen, the first Christian martyr
Saul/Paul, the former persecutor of Christians who became a key missionary and church leader
Barnabas, Paul's traveling companion and mentor
Philip, one of the seven deacons and evangelists
Cornelius, the first Gentile convert to Christianity
Lydia, the first convert in Europe
Timothy and Titus, two of Paul's closest associates and fellow workers
F. Theological Themes
The role of the Holy Spirit in empowering and guiding the early church
The fulfillment of Old Testament prophecies in the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus
The importance of faith in Jesus as the only way of salvation (Acts 4:12)
The need for repentance and forgiveness of sins (Acts 2:38)
The unity and diversity of the early church, made up of Jews and Gentiles, men and women,
slave and free (Acts 10:34-35; Galatians 3:28)
The sovereignty of God in working through human history to accomplish his purposes (Acts
17:26-28; Romans 8:28)
G. Key Themes and Events
The Ascension of Jesus (Acts 1:9-11)
The Day of Pentecost and the filling of the Holy Spirit (Acts 2:1-13)
The preaching and miracles of Peter and John in Jerusalem (Acts 3-4)
The martyrdom of Stephen and the conversion of Saul (Acts 6-9)
The spread of the gospel to the Gentiles, including the conversion of Cornelius (Acts 10-11)
The first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas (Acts 13-14)
The Council of Jerusalem and the debate over whether Gentile converts needed to follow Jewish
customs (Acts 15)
The second and third missionary journeys of Paul, including his imprisonment in Rome (Acts
16-28)

IV. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PAULINE EPISTLES

A. Authorship and Background
Written by the Apostle Paul, except for Hebrews, which is of uncertain authorship (Romans 1:1;
1 Corinthians 1:1; 2 Corinthians 1:1; Galatians 1:1; Ephesians 1:1; Philippians 1:1; Colossians
1:1; 1 Thessalonians 1:1; 2 Thessalonians 1:1; 1 Timothy 1:1; 2 Timothy 1:1; Titus 1:1;
Philemon 1:1).
Written to various churches and individuals in the early Christian church to address specific
issues and provide instruction on Christian doctrine and practice.
B. Key Themes and Teachings
The importance of salvation by grace through faith in Jesus Christ (Ephesians 2:8-9)
The unity of the church and the equality of all believers in Christ (Galatians 3:28)
The role of the Holy Spirit in empowering and guiding believers (Romans 8:14-17)
The need for believers to live a holy and righteous life (Romans 12:1-2)
The centrality of Christ and his death and resurrection in the Christian faith (1 Corinthians 15:1-
8)
A. Key Epistles and Themes
Romans: Explores the nature of sin, the need for justification by faith, and the role of the Law in
the life of a believer.
1 and 2 Corinthians: Addresses issues such as church division, sexual immorality, and disputes
over spiritual gifts.
Galatians: Argues against the need for Gentile converts to follow Jewish customs and
emphasizes the importance of salvation by grace through faith.
Ephesians: Explores the unity of the church and the spiritual blessings that believers have in
Christ.
Philippians: Encourages believers to rejoice in the Lord and to imitate Christ's humility and
selflessness.
Colossians: Emphasizes the preeminence of Christ and warns against false teaching.
1 and 2 Thessalonians: Provides instruction on the second coming of Christ and encourages
believers to live a holy life.
1 and 2 Timothy and Titus: Provide guidance for church leaders and address issues related to
false teaching and the conduct of church members.
Hebrews: Explores the superiority of Christ to the Old Testament Law and emphasizes the need
for faith and perseverance.
B. Personal Information
Many of the epistles include personal greetings and information about Paul's travels and ministry
(Romans 16:1-16; Philippians 1:12-18; Colossians 4:7-18; 2 Timothy 4:9-22).
The epistles also provide insight into Paul's character and his deep love and concern for the
churches he had founded (2 Corinthians 11:28-29; Philippians 1:3-11).
C. Chronological Order
While the New Testament places the Pauline epistles in a specific order, scholars believe that the
letters were written at different times throughout Paul's ministry.
The generally accepted chronological order of the Pauline epistles is as follows:
 Galatians
 1 Thessalonians
 2 Thessalonians
 1 Corinthians
 2 Corinthians
 Romans
 Ephesians
 Colossians
 Philemon
 Philippians
 1 Timothy
 Titus
 2 Timothy
 Hebrews (of uncertain authorship)
D. Importance and Influence
The Pauline epistles played a significant role in the development of Christian doctrine and
practice, and their teachings continue to shape Christian theology and ethics.
The epistles were widely circulated and read in the early church, and their influence can be seen
in the writings of other early Christian authors such as Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch,
and Polycarp.
Paul's emphasis on salvation by grace through faith in Christ and the unity of the church continue
to be key themes in Christian theology and practice today.
 E. Challenges and Controversies
Despite their importance and influence, the Pauline epistles have also been the subject of
controversy and debate throughout Christian history.
Some scholars have questioned the authenticity of certain epistles, such as Ephesians and
Colossians, and have suggested that they were written by a disciple of Paul rather than Paul
himself.
Other scholars have criticized Paul's teachings on issues such as gender roles and homosexuality,
arguing that they are outdated and no longer relevant for modern Christians.
Still, others have pointed out that Paul's teachings must be understood in their historical context
and that his words must be interpreted carefully and thoughtfully.
Ultimately, the Pauline epistles remain a rich source of wisdom and insight for Christians
seeking to deepen their understanding of the faith and to live out its teachings in their daily lives.
F. Major Themes in the Pauline Epistles
Salvation by grace through faith in Christ: Paul emphasizes that salvation is a free gift from God
that is received through faith in Jesus Christ, rather than through obedience to the law or any
human effort (Ephesians 2:8-9; Romans 3:21-24).
The unity of the church: Paul stresses the importance of unity among believers, regardless of
their cultural or social differences, and urges them to work together for the sake of the gospel (1
Corinthians 12:12-27; Galatians 3:28).
The role of the Holy Spirit: Paul teaches that the Holy Spirit dwells in believers and empowers
them for Christian living and service (Romans 8:9-11; 1 Corinthians 12:4-11).
The resurrection of the dead: Paul affirms the bodily resurrection of Jesus and teaches that
believers will also be raised from the dead to eternal life (1 Corinthians 15:20-23; Philippians
3:20-21).
Christian ethics: Paul provides practical guidance for living a godly life, including instructions
on sexual morality, relationships, and social behavior (1 Corinthians 6:9-20; Ephesians 5:21-6:9).
Christology: Paul teaches about the nature and work of Christ, emphasizing his role as the Savior
and Lord of all who believe (Colossians 1:15-20; Philippians 2:5-11).
G. Pauline Epistles and the New Testament Canon
The Pauline epistles were widely accepted by the early church as authoritative and inspired
writings, and they were eventually included in the New Testament canon.
The canonization process took place over several centuries and involved debates and discussions
among church leaders about which books should be included in the canon.
The Pauline epistles were included in the canon because they were believed to be written by
Paul, who was recognized as an authoritative teacher and leader in the early church.
Today, the Pauline epistles continue to be recognized as foundational texts of the Christian faith,
and they are read and studied by Christians around the world as a source of guidance and
inspiration.

V. GENERAL EPISTLES
A. Definition
The General Epistles, also known as the Catholic Epistles, are seven letters in the New
Testament that are addressed to a general audience rather than a specific individual or
community.
The seven letters that make up the General Epistles are: James, 1 and 2 Peter, 1, 2, and 3 John,
and Jude.
These letters are called "general" or "catholic" because they are addressed to a wider audience
than the Pauline epistles, which were written to specific communities or individuals.
B. Authorship
The authorship of the General Epistles is a matter of debate among scholars, with some letters
being attributed to their traditional authors and others being of uncertain authorship.
James, for example, is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus, while 1 Peter is
attributed to the apostle Peter.
2 Peter, however, is considered by some scholars to be pseudonymous, or falsely attributed to
Peter, and is believed to have been written by a later author who was influenced by Peter's
teachings.
1, 2, and 3 John are traditionally attributed to the apostle John, while Jude is attributed to Jude, a
brother of James.
C. Content and Themes
The General Epistles cover a range of topics related to Christian living and ethics, including
faith, love, prayer, suffering, and false teachings.
James emphasizes the importance of living out one's faith through good works and warns against
hypocrisy and favoritism (James 2:14-26; 2:1-13).
1 Peter encourages believers to endure suffering for their faith and to be obedient to God's will (1
Peter 3:14-17; 5:6-11).
2 Peter warns against false teachers and their destructive teachings and emphasizes the certainty
of Christ's return (2 Peter 2:1-3:13).
1, 2, and 3 John emphasize the importance of love for God and for one another and warn against
false teachings that deny the truth about Jesus Christ (1 John 4:7-21; 2 John 1:7-11; 3 John 1:9-
10).
Jude warns against false teachers who have infiltrated the church and calls on believers to
contend for the faith (Jude 1:3-4).
D. Importance and Influence
The General Epistles may not be as well-known or frequently studied as the Pauline epistles or
the Gospels, but they nevertheless provide valuable insight into the early Christian church and its
teachings.
The General Epistles offer practical guidance for Christian living and emphasize the importance
of sound doctrine and the rejection of false teachings.
The letters also provide a window into the challenges and struggles faced by early Christians as
they sought to remain faithful to the teachings of Jesus Christ in the face of persecution and
opposition.

VI. BOOK OF REVELATION

A. Definition
The Book of Revelation is the last book in the New Testament and is also known as the
Apocalypse of John.
It is a highly symbolic and prophetic work that describes a series of visions that were revealed to
the apostle John while he was exiled on the island of Patmos.
B. Authorship
The authorship of the Book of Revelation is traditionally attributed to the apostle John, who is
also credited with writing the Gospel of John and the three Johannine epistles.
However, some scholars have suggested that the book was written by a different author, or that it
was the product of a group of writers rather than a single individual.
C. Content and Themes
The Book of Revelation is a complex work that contains a variety of themes, including
eschatology, prophecy, and apocalyptic literature.
The book is written in highly symbolic language and contains vivid descriptions of heavenly
visions, angelic beings, and supernatural events.
The central focus of the book is the return of Jesus Christ and the final judgment, which is
portrayed in dramatic and often terrifying terms.
The book also emphasizes the victory of God over evil and the ultimate triumph of his kingdom.
D. Interpretation
The Book of Revelation has been subject to a wide range of interpretations throughout Christian
history.
Some have interpreted the book as a literal prophecy of future events, while others have seen it
as a symbolic portrayal of the ongoing struggle between good and evil.
The book has also been the subject of numerous debates and controversies, particularly over the
question of when and how the events described in the book will occur.
Despite the challenges of interpreting the Book of Revelation, it remains a powerful and
influential work that has inspired countless works of art, music, and literature throughout the
centuries.
E. Importance and Influence
The Book of Revelation has had a significant impact on Christian theology and culture
throughout history.
The book has inspired works of art, music, and literature, and its imagery and symbolism have
influenced the development of Christian iconography.
The book's themes of divine judgment, redemption, and the ultimate triumph of God over evil
have also been central to Christian thought and belief, and have provided comfort and hope to
believers in times of trial and persecution.
Despite its sometimes controversial interpretation, the Book of Revelation remains a powerful
and enduring work of Christian literature that continues to inspire and challenge readers today.

VII. THEMES AND THEOLOGY OF THE NEW TESTAMENT

The New Testament is a collection of twenty-seven books that together offer a rich tapestry of
theological themes and perspectives. Some of the key themes and theological ideas that emerge
from the New Testament include:
Salvation: The New Testament presents a vision of salvation that is grounded in the life, death,
and resurrection of Jesus Christ. Through faith in Jesus, human beings can be reconciled to God
and receive forgiveness for their sins, thus gaining eternal life.
Kingdom of God: The New Testament presents the idea of the "kingdom of God" as a central
theme. This concept refers to God's reign over the world and the establishment of a new order in
which justice, peace, and righteousness will prevail.
Grace: The New Testament emphasizes the idea of grace, which refers to God's unmerited favor
towards human beings. Grace is seen as the basis for salvation, and it is a central theme in many
of the New Testament letters.
Love: The New Testament emphasizes the importance of love, both as a central attribute of God
and as a key characteristic of Christian life. Jesus famously taught his followers to love their
enemies and to love one another as he had loved them.
Faith: The New Testament presents faith as a key element of Christian life and belief. Faith is
seen as a response to the revelation of God in Christ and is essential for salvation.
Hope: The New Testament offers a vision of hope for the future, grounded in the belief in the
resurrection of Jesus and the promise of eternal life. This hope is seen as a source of comfort and
strength for believers in times of trial and difficulty.
Unity: The New Testament emphasizes the importance of unity among Christians, as
exemplified in Jesus' prayer that his followers would be one. This unity is seen as a reflection of
the unity of the Godhead and is a key aspect of the church's witness to the world.
Mission: The New Testament presents the idea of mission as a central aspect of Christian life and
calling. Christians are called to share the message of the gospel with the world and to make
disciples of all nations.
The Holy Spirit: The New Testament emphasizes the role of the Holy Spirit in the life of the
believer and the church. The Holy Spirit is seen as the source of power and guidance for
Christians and as the agent of transformation and renewal.
The Church: The New Testament presents the church as the community of believers who follow
Jesus Christ. The church is seen as the body of Christ, called to worship, serve, and proclaim the
gospel to the world.
Ethics: The New Testament presents a vision of ethical living that is grounded in the love of God
and neighbor. Christians are called to live lives of holiness and righteousness, marked by virtues
such as humility, compassion, and integrity.
Eschatology: The New Testament presents a vision of the end of the age and the ultimate
triumph of God's kingdom. This includes the idea of a final judgment, the resurrection of the
dead, and the renewal of all things.
NO. BOOK AUTHOR DATE AUDIENCE PURPOSE MAIN THEME

1 Matthew Apostle 50-70 AD Jewish-Christian To present Jesus as the The Kingdom of God
Matthew audience, likely in promised Messiah of the and its fulfillment in
Syria Old Testament and to Jesus Christ.
provide a
comprehensive account
of Jesus' life, teachings,
and ministry.
2 Mark John Mark 50-60 AD Gentile-Christian To provide a concise The Son of God who
(companion of audience, likely in and action-packed came to serve and give
Apostle Peter) Rome. account of Jesus' life His life as a ransom for
and teachings, many.
emphasizing His
miracles and the
fulfillment of Old
Testament prophecy.
3 Luke Luke 60-80 AD Gentile-Christian To provide a The universality of
(companion of audience, likely in comprehensive and salvation through faith
Apostle Paul) Greece. orderly account of Jesus' in Jesus Christ and the
life, teachings, and work of the Holy Spirit.
ministry, as well as the
early history of the
church up to Paul's
imprisonment in Rome.
4 John Apostle John 90-110 AD Mixed audience of To present Jesus as the The divinity of Jesus
Jewish and Gentile divine Son of God, the Christ and the
Christians, likely in source of eternal life, importance of faith in
Ephesus. and the fulfillment of Him for salvation.
Old Testament
prophecy.
5 Acts Luke 70-90 AD Written to To provide a historical The work of the Holy
(companion of Theophilus, likely a account of the early Spirit in the growth and
Apostle Paul) high-ranking official Christian church, expansion of the
or patron of Luke. particularly the spread church.
of the gospel from
Jerusalem to Rome
through the ministry of
the apostles and the
work of the Holy Spirit.
6 Romans Apostle Paul 56-57 AD Written to the church To present a The righteousness of
in Rome, which Paul comprehensive God revealed in the
had not yet visited. explanation of the gospel of Jesus Christ.
gospel message and its
implications for Jews
and Gentiles,
particularly in regards to
the righteousness of
God and justification by
faith.
7 1 Corinthians Apostle Paul 54-55 AD Written to the church To address a number of Unity in Christ and the
in Corinth, which issues and problems in importance of love in
Paul had founded on the church at Corinth, the Christian life.
his second including divisions,
immorality, lawsuits,
and abuses of spiritual
gifts.
8 2 Corinthians Apostle Paul 55-56 AD Christians in Corinth To address false The nature of Christian
(primarily Gentile) teachers and defend ministry and the power
Paul's apostolic of God's grace
authority
9 Galatians Apostle Paul 49-55 AD Christians in Galatia To defend the gospel of Justification by faith
(Gentile converts) grace and refute the
teachings of Judaizers alone
who emphasized
circumcision and
adherence to Jewish law
10 Ephesians Apostle Paul 60-62 AD Ephesian Christians To strengthen and The unity of believers
and possibly other encourage the believers in Christ and the
churches in the in Ephesus in their faith spiritual blessings that
region. and to promote unity come from being in
among Jews and Christ.
Gentiles in the church. Philippians:
11 Philippians Apostle Paul 60-62 AD The church in To thank the Philippians Joy in the midst of
Philippi, including for their financial suffering, the
its leaders and support and to importance of unity and
members. encourage them to stand humility in the church,
firm in their faith and the pursuit of
despite opposition and Christlikeness.
persecution.
12 Colossians Apostle Paul 60-62 AD Christians in To combat false The sufficiency and
Colossae (primarily teaching (possibly a supremacy of Christ in
Gentile) form of Gnosticism) and all things.
to emphasize the
supremacy of Christ
13 1 Thessalonians Apostle Paul 50-51 AD Paul had to leave To encourage and The Second Coming of
Thessalonica instruct the Christ and Christian
abruptly and was Thessalonian believers Living
concerned about in their faith and to
their spiritual correct some
welfare, so he sent misunderstandings they
Timothy to check on had about the second
them and later wrote coming of Christ.
this letter.
14 2 Thessalonians Apostle Paul 50-51 AD Some Thessalonians To address false The Second Coming of
had misunderstood teachings regarding the Christ and Perseverance
Paul's teaching on second coming of Christ in Faith
the second coming and to encourage the
and were becoming Thessalonians to
idle, so Paul wrote persevere in their faith.
this letter to address
those issues.
15 1 Timothy Apostle Paul 62-64 AD Timothy, a young To provide instruction The proper
church leader in and guidance to qualifications and
Ephesus Timothy in his role as a behavior of church
pastor, and to address leaders, and the
false teachings in the importance of sound
church doctrine
16 2 Timothy Apostle Paul 66-67 AD Timothy, a young To encourage and The importance of
church leader in instruct Timothy in the continuing in the faith
Ephesus face of opposition and and persevering in
persecution, and to pass ministry, even in the
on Paul's final words of midst of suffering and
wisdom and opposition
encouragement
17 Titus Apostle Paul 62-64 AD Titus, a church To provide guidance for The importance of
leader in Crete the organization and sound doctrine and
leadership of the church behavior in the church,
in Crete, and to address and the role of church
false teachings leaders in promoting
these values
18 Philemon Apostle Paul 60-62 AD Philemon, a wealthy To persuade Philemon The transformative
Christian in to forgive his runaway power of the gospel in
Colossae, and the slave, Onesimus, and to relationships and social
church that met in accept him back as a structures
his house brother in Christ
19 Hebrews Unknown 64-68 AD Jewish Christians To encourage Jewish Christ's superiority over
(traditionally were facing Christians to remain Judaism and the Old
attributed to persecution and faithful to Christ and Testament system, and
Paul, pressure to abandon not revert back to the call to persevere in
Barnabas, their faith in Christ Judaism faith
Luke, or and return to
Apollos) Judaism.
20 James James (brother 40-50 AD James was writing to To provide practical The relationship
of Jesus) Jewish Christian instruction on Christian between faith and
communities that living and address works, and the
were facing various issues within the importance of practical
trials and difficulties. church, such as Christian living
partiality and faith
without works
21 1 Peter Apostle Peter 64-65 AD Peter was writing to To encourage and The Christian's hope in
Christians scattered strengthen Christians the midst of suffering
throughout various who were facing and the call to live as
regions of the persecution for their aliens and strangers in
Roman Empire who faith this world
were experiencing
persecution and
social ostracism.
22 2 Peter Apostle Peter 65-68 AD Peter wrote this To warn against false The danger of false
letter to the same teachers and encourage teaching and the call to
audience as 1 Peter, believers to grow in persevere in faith and
as false teachers their knowledge of grow in knowledge of
were becoming a Christ Christ
serious problem in
the early church.
23 1 John Apostle John 85-95 AD John wrote to a To provide assurance of God's love for us and
community of salvation and encourage our love for one another
believers who were believers to love one as evidence of our faith
facing false teaching another in Christ
 and needed
reassurance of their
salvation.
24 2 John Apostle John 85-95 AD John wrote this letter To warn against false The importance of
to a specific teachers and urge abiding in the truth and
Christian believers to hold fast to avoiding false teaching
community, warning the truth
them of false
teachers who were
denying Christ's
humanity and
divinity.
25 3 John Apostle John 95 AD John wrote this letter To commend Gaius for Hospitality and
to commend Gaius his hospitality and generosity in the
for his hospitality to condemn Diotrephes for Christian community
traveling his pride and lack of
missionaries and to hospitality
condemn Diotrephes
for his pride and
refusal to receive
such missionaries.
26 Jude Jude (brother 60-80 AD The audience of the to exhort the readers to the danger of false
of James) book of Jude is not contend for the faith teachers and the
explicitly identified, that was once for all importance of
but it is likely delivered to the saints defending the true faith.
addressed to a group and to warn against The book provides
of Jewish Christians false teachers who have examples of the
who were facing infiltrated the church. punishment of the
false teachers and ungodly, the need to
teachings. avoid the influence of
false teachers, and the
importance of building
oneself up in the faith.
27 Revelation Apostle John. 81-96 AD The audience of The purpose of The sovereignty of God
Revelation is Revelation is to and the triumph of
primarily believed to encourage and Christ over Satan and
be the seven strengthen persecuted all evil. It is also a call
churches in Asia Christians and to offer for Christians to remain
Minor (modern-day them hope in the faithful in the face of
Turkey) to whom the ultimate victory of persecution and to trust
book is addressed in Christ over evil. in God's ultimate
chapters 2-3. victory. The book is full
However, the of symbolism and
message is intended imagery, including the
for all Christians use of numbers, beasts,
throughout history. and prophetic visions.
 MESSIAH THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
PO BOX 1790,
MBALE, UGANDA
NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY COURSE
BASIC CLASS FINAL EXAMINATION

NAME: …………………………………………......................................SCORE:………………

1. Which of the following is not one of the Synoptic Gospels?

a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
2. Which book in the New Testament is often referred to as the "Gospel of Love"?
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
3. Who wrote the majority of the letters in the New Testament?
a. Peter
b. Paul
c. John
d. James
4. Which of the following is not a Pauline Epistle?
a. Romans
b. Philippians
c. Hebrews
d. Colossians
5. Which book in the New Testament is sometimes referred to as the "Apocalypse"?
a. Matthew
 b. Mark
c. Luke
d. Revelation
6. Which book in the New Testament contains the story of the Prodigal Son?
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
7. Which of the following is not one of the General Epistles?
a. James
b. Hebrews
c. 1 Peter
d. 2 Peter
8. Which of the following is not a major theme in the New Testament?
a. Redemption
b. Salvation
c. Love
d. Wealth accumulation
9. Which of the following four Gospels is said to be written first?
a. Matthew
b. Luke
c. Mark
d. John
10. Which of the following is not a type of New Testament literature?
a. Gospels
b. Parables
c. Epistles
d. Apocalyptic literature
11. Which of the following is not one of the Pauline Epistles referred to as the "Prison
Epistles"?
a. Colossians
b. Ephesians
c. Philippians
d. Timothy
12. Which of the following is not one of the Gospels that contains the account of Jesus'
baptism?
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
13. Who was the author of the book of Hebrews?
a. Peter
b. Paul
c. James
d. Unknown
14. Which of the following books is not considered a part of the General Epistles?
a. Hebrews
b. James
c. 1 Peter
d. 1 John
15. Which book in the New Testament contains the story of the Good Samaritan?
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
16. What is the primary focus of the book of Acts?
a. The life and teachings of Jesus
 b. The spread of the gospel message
c. The writings of Paul
d. The end times
17. Which of the following is not a major section of the New Testament?
a. Gospels
b. Acts
c. Epistles
d. Apocrypha
18. Which of the following is not a major theological concept discussed in the New
Testament?
a. Atonement
b. Eschatology
c. Soteriology
d. Anthropology
19. Which book in the New Testament contains the story of the raising of Lazarus?
a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
d. John
20. Which of the following is not a major literary genre found in the New Testament?
a. Historical narrative
b. Poetry
c. Parable
d. Prophecy
 MESSIAH THEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE
PO BOX 1790,
MBALE, UGANDA
NEW TESTAMENT SURVEY COURSE
BASIC CLASS FINAL EXAMINATION

NAME: ………………………………………….............................................................................

SCORE:…………………………………..…FINAL GRADE………………………………….

SECTION A: MULTIPLE CHOICE: 12 MARKS

1. Who wrote the book of Revelation?

a) John the Baptist
b) John the Apostle
c) Paul
d) Peter
2. Which Gospel includes the Sermon on the Mount?
a) Matthew
b) Mark
c) Luke
d) John
3. Who is the author of the majority of the New Testament letters?
a) Peter
b) James
c) Paul

d) John

4. Which Gospel is believed to have been written first?

a. Matthew
b. Mark
c. Luke
 d. John
5. Which New Testament book contains the story of the conversion of Saul?
a. Acts
b. Romans
c. 1 Corinthians
d. Philippians
6. Which of the following letters address issues related to eschatology?
a. 1 Corinthians
b. 1 Thessalonians and 2 Thessalonians
c. Revelation
d. Ephesians

SECTION B: SHORT ANSWER (12 MARKS)

7. Read the scripture below and answer the questions

Romans 8:1-4 (NIV):
Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because
through Christ Jesus the law of the Spirit who gives life has set you free from the law of
sin and death. For what the law was powerless to do because it was weakened by the
flesh, God did by sending his own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh to be a sin offering.
And so he condemned sin in the flesh, in order that the righteous requirement of the law
might be fully met in us, who do not live according to the flesh but according to the
Spirit.

a) What is there now for those who are in Christ Jesus?

There is no condemnation.
b) What law has set us free from the law of sin and death?
The law of the Spirit of life.
c) What was impossible for the law, and what did God do?
The law was weakened by the flesh, but God sent his own Son in the likeness
of sinful flesh to be a sin offering.
d) What was the purpose of God sending his Son?
 To condemn sin in the flesh so that the righteous requirement of the law
might be fulfilled in us who walk not according to the flesh but according to
the Spirit.

SECTION C: ESSAY-6 MARKS

What is the significance of the Sermon on the Mount in the book of Matthew?
Answer:
The Sermon on the Mount, which is found in Matthew 5-7, is considered to be one of the
most important teachings of Jesus in the New Testament. It provides a comprehensive
ethical and moral framework for Christian living and has been described as the
"constitution of the kingdom of heaven".
The significance of the Sermon on the Mount lies in its teachings on humility, love,
forgiveness, and righteousness. Jesus begins with the Beatitudes, which describe the
characteristics of those who are blessed in the kingdom of heaven. He then goes on to
address topics such as anger, lust, divorce, oaths, retaliation, and love for enemies,
emphasizing the importance of obedience to God's laws and love for others.
The Sermon on the Mount also highlights the importance of personal piety and prayer, as
well as the need to resist the temptation of material possessions and worldly success. In
addition, Jesus teaches on the nature of true discipleship, urging his followers to be salt
and light in the world and to seek first the kingdom of God.
Overall, the Sermon on the Mount provides a radical vision of what it means to be a
follower of Jesus, challenging the traditional values and practices of the Jewish leaders of
his time. It continues to be a source of inspiration and guidance for Christians today,
reminding them of the high ethical standards and sacrificial love to which they are called.