MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS KELAS XI
and in the sea. When on dry land or on ice, They are
REPORT
Definisi
Text Report menguras suatu hasil pengamatan,
penelaahan, penelitian, observasi, atau studi tentang
benda, binatang, orang, atau tempat participant pada
Report cendrung general. Data yang tersaji umumnya
berupa simpulan umum akan karakteristik, ciri dan atau
keberadaan dan keadaan participant.
Tujuan text Report adalah untuk menggambarkan
participant apa adanya bila yang di bicarakan suatu
benda. Text Report lebih menyoroti fungsi dari benda
tersebut
Text Repot lazimnya menyodorkan suatu generalisasi
akan participant yang di ulas, generalisasi ini umumnya
di dapat lewat membandingkan yang satu dengan yang
lain yang tergolong participant yang sejenis.
Generic Structure of Text Report
General Classification : Pernyataan umum yang
menerangkan subjek laporan, keterangan dan
klarifikasinya
Description : Penginformasian Ciri-ciri
umum/generalisasi yang dimiliki subjek misalnya sifat,
pesikologis, prilaku, tampilan fisik, fitur khas, kualitas
dan sejenisnya
Grammatical Feature
a. focus on Generic Participants
b. use of relational processes to state what is and what
which it is
c. use a simple past tense
d. no temporal sequences
Example
Title >> Different Types of Sea Mammals
General classification
Seals, sea lion and walruses live both on land
every clumsy in their movements. But in the water they
swim gracefully. They all leave the water for land or ice
fields to give birth to their young.
Description
The dolphins are larger. These animals are
mainly fish eaters. Experiments show that dolphins are
intelligent and can communicate with each other. They
can be trained to perform various kinds of tricks and
acts.
The highly intelligent killer where whale belongs to the
dolphins family. Despite of its scary name, it has never
been heard to attack human.
ANALYTICAL
Text Exposition bertujuan untuk menyodorkan
pendapat/ide/pendapat/argumen penulis akan suatu
perkara/topik/permasalahan/fenomena. Terdapat dua
fariasi dalam Text Exposition.
1. Analytical Exposition
Definisi
Dalam Analytical Exposition penulis
menyodorkan pandangan/ide/opini/pendapat. Suatu
topik atau fenomena atau masalah perjudapat
perhatian, ulasan atau penjelasan atau uraian atau data
penguat. Tanpa dimunculkannya usaha untuk
mempengaruhi/membujuk pembaca untuk memiliki
sikap pro-kontra terhadap sesuatu. Analytical Exposition
juga dikenal dengan istilah Argumentative.
Generic structure of Analytical Exposition
Thesis : Pernyataan pendapat penulis akan
sesuatu kasus/fenomena
Argument : Terdiri dari poin atau inti
masalah/perbandingan atau hal yang menjadi concern
dan elaboration. Penjelasan atau pemaparan dari point.
Reiteration : Penguatan pernyataan
Unsur Kebahasaan/language feature yang digunakan
Text Analytical Exposition
General noun misilnya pollution, car
Abstract noun misalnya policy, government
Jargon misalnya species, mammal
Modals misalnya must, should
Bahasa evaluative misalnya important, valuable
Kalimat passive
2. Hortatory Exposition
Text Hortatory Exposition bertujuan
menyodorkan pandangan/ide/opini/pendapat untuk
mempengaruhi/membujuk pembaca untuk memiliki
sikap pro-kontra terhadap sesuatu dan atau mengajak
pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu. Hortatory
Exposition juga dikenal dengan istilah Persuasive
Generic structure of hortatory Exposition
Thesis : pernyataan pendapat penulis akan suatu
kasus/fenomena atau issue hal yang dipersoalkan
Argument : alasan mengapa ada keprihatinan dan
pengaruh pada saran atau rekomendasi
Re-Commendation : pernyataan tentang bagai mana
seharusnya atau tidak seharusnya sesuatu ada atau
dilakukan.
Unsur Kebahasaan/language feature Text Hortatory
Exposition
Abstract noun misalnya polisi, government
Jargon misalnya species, mammal
Modals misalnya must, should
Bahasa evaluatif misalnya important, valuable
Kalimat passive
Thinking verb misalnya I believe, I think
Example
Analytical Exposition
Thesis
In Australia there are three levels of government, the
federal government. All of there levels of government
are necessary. This is so for a number of reasons.
Argument
First, the federal government is necessary for the big
things. They keep the economy in order and look after
things like defense. Similarly, the state governments
look after the middle-sized things. For example they
look after low and order, preventing things like
vandalism in schools. Finally, local governments look
untuk
after the small things. They look after things like
collecting rubbish, otherwise everyone would have
diseases.
Reiteration
Thus, for the reasons above we can conclude that the
three levels of government are necessary.
Hortatory Exposition
Thesis In all the discussion over he removal of lead from
petrol (and the atmosphere) there doesn't teem to have
been any mention of the difference between driving in
the city and the country.
Argument While I realize my leaded petrol car is
polluting the air wherever I drive, I feel that when you
travel through the county, where you only see another
car very five to ten minutes, the problem is not as
severe as when traffic is concentrated on city roads.
Those who want to penalize older, leaded petrol
vehicles and their owners don't seen to appreciate that,
in the country, there is no public transport to fall back
upon and one's own vehicle is the only way to get
about.
Re-commendation I feel that country people, who often
have to travel huge distances to the nearest town and
who already spend a spec deal of money on petrol, EXPRESSION GIVING AND ASK FOR OPINION
should be treated differently to the people who live.
Asking for opinion
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE (KATA SIFAT)
1. What do you think for/if...
1. Who : Bersifat kata orang {she, he}
2. Do you think...
2. Whom : Bersifat kata orang {me, you, her, him, than,
us, it} 3. What's your opinion about...

3. Whose : Bersifat kata orang {her, his, my, your, our, 4. What your idea about...
their, its} Giving for opinion
4. Which : Bersifat kata benda {me, you, her, their, us, 1. In myopinion abaut...
it}
2. I think...
Example
3. in myview...
Who
4. I assume...
I thanked the woman. She helped me
Example
I thanked the woman. Who helped me
What's your opinion about mrs.Dini?
Whom
In myopinion about mrs.Dini is beautiful, she is have
The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him high body and in studying she is very explicit. He
The man whom was Mr. Jones I raw student late go to school, she give a punishment which
hard.
the people were very nice. We visited than yesterday
EXPRESSION OF LOVE & SADNES
the people were very nice. Whom we visited yesterday
The Expression of love :
Whose
I love son much
I apologized the woman. I spelled her coffee
I love you, baby
I apologized the woman Whose I spelled coffee
I do care about you
I know the man His bicycle was stolen
I really care about you
I know the man Whose bicycle was stolen
I like you, honey
Which
You are my love, sweetheart
the book was good. I red it
My dear, I always think about you
the book which I red was good
The expression of sadness :
the move wasn't very good. We say it last night
I am feeding so sad
the move wasn't very good which we say last night.
I am really sad
Please make leaved me alone Example

It’s the sadness day in my live X: I will go away because I'm anger some you

You make me sad Y: I'm sorry, I must make you anger

AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT CONDITIONAL

Merupakan untuk menunjukan sikap atau posisi Pola conditional merupakan bentuk kalimat
seseorang penutur akan suatu pengandaian dengan ciri hadirnya kata jika/apabila,
masalah/pendapat/situasi. yang umumnya dinyatakan dangan kata IF. Terdapat
dua kategori besar pola pengandaian yakni : The real
Enquiring about (mencari tahu pendapat) (factual dan nabiutral) dan unreal (centrary to the fact).
Wouldn't you agree ( that )...? The real conditional yang lebih dikenal dengan istilah
Wouldn't you say (that)...? future conditional, merupakan pola lamunan yang
menyatakan sesuatu memiliki peluang untuk terjadi bila
Don't you think (that)...? syarat tertentu terpenuhi selanjutnya disebut
conditional type 1.
Expressing agreement (menyatakan persetujuan)
Type unreal merupakan pola lamunan yang merupakan
I agree (with you)
pengingkaran dari fakta sebenarnya akan terjadi atau
You are right sedang terjadi sekarang yang lebih dikenal dengan
present conditional atau conditional type 2.
That' right
Dan kedua lamunan yang berkontradiksi dengan yang
I know sebenarnya sudah terjadi yang lebih dikenal dengan
past conditional atau conditional type 3.
Absolutely

Defenetely
1. Future Conditional (Conditional Type 1)
Expressing disagreement (menyatakan tidak
persetujuan) Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu mungkin terjadi
pada waktu mendatang atau sekarang, jika syarat atau
I disagree
kondisi tertentu terpenuhi. Conditional type 1 dibentuk
I don't agree oleh rangkaian simple present sebagai sub-clause dan
simple future sebagai
I am not sure (about that)
main clause.
I don't know (about that)
If + subject 1 + present + subject 2 +
I am cann't agree [will/can/may/must] + verb 1 (simple form)

EXPRESSIONS OF ANGER/BE ANGER Example

go away: 1. If you come with me for a jogride to night, you will

have a great fun.
I have you:
2. You must study hard, if you want to enter favorite
Shouth your mounth:
university
"If" Pada pola diatas dapat dilesapkan / dihilangkan
tanpa mengubah makna dengan mengubah structur
polanya didalam bentuk inverse
Should + subject 1 + simple form + subject 2 +
[will/can/may/must] + verb 1 (simple form)
Example
~ If you come with me for a jogride to night, you will
have a gread fun
~ Should you want to enter favorite university, you
must study hard
2. Present Conditional (Conditional Type 2)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang
bertentangan dengan apa yang ada / terjadi sekarang /
belakangan ini.
If + subject 1 + simple past + subject 2 + [would / could /
might] + verb 1 / be
Example
1. If I had time, I would go to the beach with you this
week and
2. He would tell you about, it if he were here
"If" dengan menggunakan to be "were" pada pola diatas
dapat dilesapkan / dihilangkan tanpa mengubah makna
dengan mengubah structur polanya kedalam bentuk
inversi.
Were +subject 1 + adjective + noun + subject 2 + [would
/ could / might] + verb / be
Example
~ Were I to have time, I would go to the beach with you
this weekend
~ Were he here, he would tell you about it
3. Past Conditional (Conditional Type 3)
Pengandaian ini menyatakan sesuatu yang bertentangn
dengan apa yang telah terjadi sesuatu yang sudah
berlalu
If + subject 1 + past perfect + subject 2 + [would /
could / might] + have + verb 3 / been
Example
1. If I had known you were there, I would have writen
you a letter
2. If you had asked me I would, have told you the whole
story
Bentuk inversi (tanpa menggunakan kata "if") untuk
type ini adalah
Had + subject 1 + verb 3/been + subject 2 +
[would/could/might] + have + verb 3/been
Example
~ Had I known you were there, I would have written you
a letter
~ Had you asked me I would have told you the whole
story
Example of Conditional
1. If I were in town, I would go
I do not were in town, pn i would not go
2. If I had known you were, I would come to have you.
I do not had known you were, so I would not came to
have you.
SPOOF
Goal/purpose : To retell/to tell funny story
The structures
Orientation : Pengenalan waktu,tokoh dan tempat.
Event : Kejadian.
Twist : Akhir yang tidak terduga atau lucu.
Keterangan
Dalam satu Sroof text, dapat terjadi beberapa event.
Example:
Title Penguin in the par
Orientation Once a man was walking in a park when he
came a class a penguin.
Event 1
He took him to a policeman and said.” I have just Found
this penguin what should ? Do?”
The policeman replied" take him to the zoo.
Event 2
The next day the policeman saw the some in the some
park and the man was still carrying the penguin with
him. The policeman was rather surprised and walked up
to the man and asked. "Why are you still earring that
penguin about ? Didn't you take it to the zoo" "I
Certainly did" Repaired the man.
Twist
And it was great idea because he really enjoyed it so
today I am taking him to the movies.
WOULD RATHER... (THAN), (WOULD) PREFER TO
RATHER THAN PREFER SOME THINGT SOME THING.
'Would rather' mempunyai arti: Would prefer to ( lebih
suka ).
Example
A- I would rather have ice cream than milk shake.
B- Would you rather have ice cream or milk shake?
C- I would prefer to have ice cream rather than milk
shake
D- I would rather not have anything
E- Do you want to eat out? 'no I’d rather not'
F- I would prefer eat out rather than go/to go/going to
the movies
Keterangan
1} Dalam kalimat Tanya kita menggunakan or untuk
memperkenalkan suatu pilihan, sedangkan dalam
kalimat pasif yang menggunakan would rather kita
menggunakan than.
2} kita menggunakan rather than dengan would prefer +
to invinitive.
3} Untuk kalimat negative. Kita menambahkan not
setelah would rather/would prefer dan sebelum kata
kerja utama sehingga kalimat
- I would rather not have ice cream
- I would prefer not to have ice cream
4} kita menggunakan
Would prefer + to infinitive + rather than + infinitive
Would prefer + to infinitive + rather than + to infinitive
would prefer + to infinitive + rather than +V ing(dalam
contoh f diatas)
5} Kita mengatakan 'I’d rather not' sebagai jawaban
pendek. kita menggunakan prefer dengan cara berikut
~ Prefer to + infinitive + rather than + infinitive/to
infinitive/verb/ing
I prefer to swim rather than play/to play/playing basket
ball
~ Prefer + verb + ing + to + verb + ing
I prefer swimming to playing basket ball
~ Prefer + verb + ing + rather than + verb + ing
I prefer swimming rather than playing basket ball
~ Prefer + something + to + something
I prefer tea to coffee
A} "Rather than" dalam kalimat diatas dapat diganti Harder : lebih keras, lebih telat, dan lebih tajam
dengan instead of tetapi kata kerja yang mengikuti
'instead of' harus dalam bentuk Verb + ing Hurrledly : terburu-buru, tergopoh-gopoh

Example Late: terlambat

I prefer to stay (at) home instead of going out Well: baik, jauh, benar

B} "rather than” dapat diikuti oleh infinitive, to infinitive Example

atau verb + ing, tetapi penggunaannya lebih baik di a. I am Felling better today
sesuaikan dengan kata kerja sebelumnya
b. She is best language spanis in the class
C} Jika kita lebih suka seseorang melakukan sesuatu kita
menyatakannya dengan prefer : I prefer you to do it for c. He driver carefully every where
me.

(Prefer + somebody + to + infinitive)

B. Adverb of place (keterangan tempat)
D} Dengan would rather (would rather + some body +
Kata-kata yang termasuk kedalam adverb of place
the past form) - I'd rather you did it for me
diantaranya:
- I'd rather you didn't smoke

Above : Diatas
ADVERB
Abroad : Luar negri, dengan luas, tersiar, tersebar
A. Adverb of manner (kata keterangan cara)
Below : Dibawah, kebawah
Kata-kata yang termasuk kedalam adverb of manner
Down town : Kota
diantaranya adalah :
Far : Jauh
Best : terbaik yang paling baik
Gance : Dari sini
Better : makin baik, lebih sehat, lebih suka
Here : Disini
Calmly : dengan tenang
In side : Kedalam
Carefully : dengan hati-hati, dengan teliti
Near : Keluar, diluar
Carelesly : dengan sembarangan, gegabah,tanpa
tanggung jawab Thence : Dari Sana
Early : pagi-pagi There : Disana, disitu, kesana
Fast : cepat Example
Faster : lebih cepat a. She lives above tree
Grandually : secara berangsur-angsur b. They go to abroad every year
Hard : keras, lebat, dengan tajam c. We go to down town
 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

C. adverb of definite time (keterangan waktu yang jelas)
Kata-kata yang termasuk kedalam adverb of definite
time diantaranya :
Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang
terjadi pada masa lalu dimasa waktu tidak tertentu
(bentuk waktu selesai sekarang).
S + have/has + V3 + O

Keterangan
A few days Ag : Beberapa hari yang lalu
Have untuk subjek they, we, I, youhas untuk subjek she,
A few minute Ag : Beberapa saat yang lalu he, it
At the moment : Sekarang ini Example
Farmerly : Dahulu, tadinya 1. They have cathee this morning
In the past : Dimasa lalu 2. Dedi has antihu pencil in the market.
Last night : Tadi malam

Now : sekarang Preference

Right now : sekarang ini juga Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbandingan
The other day : beberapa hari yang lalu, baru-baru ini ….. like….. better than…..
Tomorrow : besok ….. prefer….. to …..
To nigh : malam ini ….. would rather….. than….
Yesterday : kemarin

Example 1. I like coffee batter than tea

a. I met than a few days ago (Suka ) (dari pada)
b. They finished their work a few minute ago 2. Eka prefer fried rice to fried noodle
c. I lived in bandung formerly (Lebih suka) (daripada)

3. siti would rather ice than milkshake