4 Saces, a Rutulian, Lecrionss Memonaniies, VOLUME IIT: Vergy races to deliver news to Turnus ofthe dre situation at La. ‘num, Turnus, horrified, returns to the city walls. «0 6s 660 «0 6 a oss vix ea fatus erat, medios volat ecce per hostis vectus equo spumante Saces, adversa sagitta saucius ora, ruitque implorans nomine Turnum: “Turne, in te suprema salus; miserere tuorum. fulminat Aeneas armis summasque minatur deiecturum arces Italum excidioque daturum, iamque faces ad tecta volant. in te ora Latini, in te oculos referunt; mussat rex ipse Latinus, quos generos vocet aut quae sese ad foedera flectat. praeterea regina, tui fidissima, dextra occidit ipsa sua lucemque exterrita fugit. ecce: Vergil’s poetry already often seems cinematic, but a term like ‘ecce turns the reader's mind’s eye, like a camera whirling around to capture sudden and unexpected action. The delay of the appear- ance of Saces until the next line mirrors the action: as if we see the disruption, then only aftera moment recognize that itis Saces, then recognize that he is wounded (note the ENJAMBMENT of saucius in line 652). hostis = hostes. ‘equo: ablative of means with vectus (A&G $409). adversa: a TRANSFERRED EPITHET that appears initially to modify sagitta but actually agrees with ora, the accusative of specification (A&G $3978). uit: present tense, like volat. Present tense is often used, even in narratives in past time, in action-driven passages to lend a sense of immediacy (A&G $469). salus: Understand est. Saces breathlessly brings news from the town, where Aeneas rampages; his speech is also cinematic, shifting focus from figure to figure, each one struggling in his/her own way.Vancit, AENEID 12.650-660 as “6 “s miserere: deponent imperative; misereor takes the genitive. deiecturum: Understand esse; future infinitive verb in indirect statement after minatur, with understood se as accusative subject (A&G $584), Italum = Italorum, genitive plural. in te: Repetition emphasizes how much the Latins look to Turnus as their leader; of course, though they look, he is not to be found, for he is fighting extremo in aequore (line 614). ‘vocet: present subjunctive in indirect question introduced by mus- sat (A&G $574). generos: complement for quos; likely refers not only to Aeneas or ‘Turnus but also to their comrades and allies. ‘quae: interrogative adjective, as part of the phrase ad quae foedera. Seseis the reflexive direct object of flectat. Latinus, whose town has now been beset by Aeneas’s forces, tries to determine whether his daughter Lavinia should wed Aeneas or Turnus. regina: Latinus’s wife, queen Amata, who has ust committed suicide ‘when she saw Aeneas so close to Latium (12.593). tui: genitive of tu, not the adjective tuus. ipsa, sua, exterrita: Scan this line to determine the length of the final as.16 665 on 6s 663 664 656 “67 Lacriones Memonaniis, Vovume 111; Vay, on “soli pro portis Messapus et acer Atinas sustentant acies. circum hos utrimque phalanges stant densae strictisque seges mucronibus horret ferrea: tu currum deserto in gramine versas.” obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum Turnus et obtutu tacito stetit; aestuat ingens uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu et furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus. ut primum discussae umbrae et lux reddita menti, ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit turbidus eque rotis magnam respexit ad urbem. soli: nominative plural, modifying both Messapus and Atinas. seges: modified by ferrea in the next line; the image perfectly de- picts how Messapus and Atinas were surrounded by the Trojans, as iffstanding in a cornfield. A striking MeTAPHOR drawn from nature; Vergil channels Homer, as the metaphor yuxTaposss the violence of the human world with the tranquility of the natural world. tu: Saces now contrasts all of those struggling at Latium (the Latins, Latinus, Amata, Messapus and Atinas) with Turnus. The placement of deserto in the center of this clause emphasizes, almost accusato- rily, that Turnus has been missing from the true fight. ‘can this line to determine the length of the final a. obtutu tacito: ablative of manner (A&G 412). Both obstipuit and tacito reiterate that Turnus is dumbstruck by Saces’s speech. uno in corde: This tells us something about the Roman concep- tion of emotion, namely, that emotions are perceived as existing in the heart, While this may seem perfectly natural to us moderns, we should be careful not to assume that all humans at all times and all places perceive the world and experiences similarly.Vercit, AENEID 12.661-671 ” os “ pudor: The first offour nounsall ollocating in Turnus's heart. These conflicting emotions whirl Turnus about, both drawing him to the Latins and shrouding him in shame and embarrassment for his own behavior. mixto . .. luctu: ablative absolute (A&G $419). amor: As occasionally happens in Vergil in the first syllable of the fourth foot, a short syllable is lengthened. Here, -or is scanned as long. ut primum: “as soon as.” discussae, reddita: Understand est. umbrae, lux: Another effective metapHor drawn from nature, in- deed one that resonates with our modern conceptions: We speak of being “foggy” in our minds. The relationship between vision and thought is longstanding within European traditions and is crystal- lizedin the Proto-Indo-European linguistic oot *weyd:, from which wwe derive Latin video, Greek oida (“to know”), and even English wise. ardentis orbis is for-es; accusative plural. eque: This word has nothing to do with a horse: preposition e[x] + enclitic-que.