ESSER usage ie wage ee eter ea eee eg 24 uit ee forser ( A parser taker fapat fo the fos Of tokuy, and produces oukput fo the horn OF Program > Token —s : ol Sere Be “oy oa Resten Yepresentater Frontene! ek Newt NS Sambal Tableie mao taclic arnetbyzer obtain, a Shiva of token WEnalygzer St Verifier thal the String can be Qereiated by the aorerers hor the seuire ta rom ue yeporty ony Syax eMorS fn the prog Grammar | Noam Chamsky 1163. qiver NMathemdlical Lbiviton te the qrammats. ‘ Th [aS2 Noam Chamslay qive 4 Mathemeticad Aebmition for grammar: The motiakon wor te qve a frosmeal Adebinition por Aprans hor english Centencer, Te aufined & bypes of Frammex *ype © Supe? type 2 — CFA) type 2 RED Pate _tree/ Synbx tree a bicenath genet we a S>< Neo NP, ve. NP At oe a : Act > he At New Vo NE / / / /~™ Noun| > man ate NPS Act Nou | vate NPa—> Art < Now2r> Nouna—> Fritbe Teusitten Non-Tetminal — Trtesnal wodin cam CET ap salad wily olyo called at Non- terminal, Udualley Now T eariwals Ade mreprenente Wing Uppercase endlich ab phates ‘ Yok be ~reusmbben Terminal — leaf nodes Corr i ‘> leah notes alvo called ak Terminal hodex Velinnnsy electaatl ale Ted Using bovacay english alprabeli - Detivation: ; he. Centerve Can be chevived ax follocee, Seqpence Fox. S=> ak Ss Atcnouni> | Symbdly => The < Nounl> The man <\P> => The ranc => Tre man ate < Na> => The man ak Art < Noun2> => The man aki the Context Fee Grammar. Tape & asaromeat ct intlion~ G=(WTPS) (Ee (HTS) Y= Get of Non- terminal T= Sek of Teeminals P= Set of prociuction suler/ Grramenar ruler ge Shalt Syrbol Procluction nes Lill be fa the foun A * AEN Az Single non- xe (vuT) terminal. Brahe: (qqrannners euler) ait: Pe i oube bree Eos Exe € RES SKE a aN 2ES T ee A f Ex = a Taa is / ] & a6 oi r G@=W,7. eS) a / a= (ert, 1a, + ¥8, & e) Example Shing: [ar axa (pavation)) E=> ere Eo EXE => ET EXE => ETE KE => et eet => THERE — et TeT => arexe > T+ Te T —SattTKe SF a+TKT > asraxT => AFAKA => ara «Ee y.at axTt = ata’ =Detivation, Lebt most Derivation Cree Dative the Shing" aabbabba’ Using lebtrmost deuvakion, rightmost dauvakion ord Pattet, ov the following CFG Right most Aeriwalion, Grammar wiles ° aabbabba’ P= 3 S> alba A> ajas|bAA b> LH bS|aeR g G= (v,7,2,5) V= 35,0284 T= 3a, b3 = Luo ( Lebk most Aasttation) RMp (eight ae S=aB ——" Aetivation) =Saa BB Saez by gia bB Baarge bs aabbS Baa BLS y aabba® —>aaBbbA bn, ga bbabS Paabbba bn aabbabbA = bs bbe bobbin, 2a bbAbba Baa a ™s aabba bbay |ee aes. ee Conshuction of CFG L Pappu CRE hor the lamquage hawt no. of als oven the Sek Ze Yat ate Le $£,0,04,aaa,--: t Crammer. pe L 7 Seas aes Ste ew) z a s Sm G@- Ay (tes) Ge v= 388 As WE) T=3a,8% AQAQAQE=QAAB. S= Staak Symbol . 2. Consbuch CFG fox the lexquage having a4 ho. of os & Bs (aay Le Le,ab, ba, aab, bbaa, 8 Graarainen he Peg { Se» as| bs] \ 4 a= (3st, Fab €, © s) fe B. abab. or —_—_—_ a ios ve a cS) TS2, Contact CRG for the lanquage hag ables 1 i Ras. (arb a(at by*ta (arb) P= 3 a = hae a > aal|bA ow 4 oy a= ({s,a3, Labs es} ) | A Conthuck CEG for the fanguage having | One OCCubance Of | Zero, | (241000 (o+i)* P= 3 S—> A000A {A onl iale ac CC. Combuck CEG bev the lanquage. L=L Pe | nai’ ao Ss bb Pot AAS Saabbb- S—yasb Soe mo a Ale a=(ist 32.6 £3 ps3 oe éDesivalion — Lp emb || Ambiquily i Cra, G=(VTP s) & ambiguiaus if thee & ableart one Shing W fn ST (stoing of Texminalr for (lich ux can move than 2 LMD (oateee) qe move than L RMD (Differ) ox move than 4 pave bee. Ext = ESTEE Ea EXE (ral Ta ava ta (LMD) LMD-A Ex E+E pS cee?! => T+ ETE E => are yi ST+tEX ee Satrkee . Saree’ Syatrt*e! Sa+Tee Sata*e cA ZzaratE. SatakT Co At akyT Se paeo NSA AeA) oe A Ete 7 < ee aS ZN OUNG aS Pte a ale 4 u “t ‘ ) : ero a 2. the qiven qpeonmar ib ambiqh .Check whether the qe qraromar i ainda quity or wok for the ching " ibhibttb+aca" Exiammar s—> i0+S S—y id+ ses Sa c—>b Left vecumssion! , A—> Ax/B we can oll pitas byudmq as pa! A> «aE lebtrecurion Might recut 7s A me Pi wy arm LZ RE elimina! | A aiah ee left mecurtion Tae (otaalets kpcoon tren) > G Rules for elimination of left receusion AAA [Aref oo |Aomf, fe /..- A> BARAT T.- Jin 4! e A> KA oa, oe ‘fé climinale lege YecULMon (Lom the followng WAR ; s—> Ola ee L—_ L,s/sRecexcon Aplec elimivalivg left Siar (la c ere ei r—>t,9/S pros, sife a> Aap, hak A=, Ss p=s ee! ap eine ie A—> Act [Ae fi = [Aotm [Bi /P2f-> bn A—> BA [PoA'[- oof Baal A> xn hoAfn--->/hal/é te A>: baa [ea ; A—> ca ada [e ee se apsad ee Piz ba : ' “Bead Left Faclos Ae xPifocbe vi & Pu, po are shvags of Terminal audi Non feomied pee Ue UL pote Ee Pie fets/Tetses[a esate , ‘ &, S— Non teemival leh Factory , a—7 tetes'[a gly es[é C= F:€av p htom Le | EiRSTO evel FOLLOW C) eae Th can be wed tio pow the LE(Ie) chataderice tk can be ud te promele tn the comakrution of pre dickive parting toble. Rules for caleulabivg firct function : |. for a production mle X—¥ & miner (*S= Let Firs 7(£) 2, For any terminal Symbol or’ | pireia) = al 2. Fora production ale Kno. Calestating FRct (x): ye g eRSTG,) then FIRST(x)= FiRst(y) The € FIRST (Mi) then FIRST(H)=}RAST(Y- ehulrecrCnyt Calaeing FAST (Ye) TE & Z RST (Ye) then FIRST (nyse Srncrligf € eFest Ws) then FiRct (yd = Spuest(W2)- 240 Tewestyayt ; make ex pamed Uj tae can ox : frei Si, nule WEN -- YnFirst(s)= 3(prest(4)~£) V (rast (B) -6)U FIRST(C) = 3ab,ck FIRST(A)= 3a, at FiRcT(e)= 36,4 FIRST (c)= 3c% FIRST (D)= 34,64 FIRST (E) =3e,£4 FoLLow (): . Rude 1i- For the stout Symbe} < place fi FOLLoW(<) find follow of wor bexminals | Rule 21— Fox any production role AS AB rotone) = RoLuow(A) Cun) Ruleti- For any production ve A—> off Tp ef rinet(p), ten FoLtou(e) = First (B) Th EL FIRST(P), ther FoLLOW(e) — Srinst(p)-€4 0 Fottou (A)1 Nolet : Ble els EIRST Be FOLLOW Ferction i eliminate [eft WecuLssion (or the qraromar ih precent. Nok-& | a calculate FOLLOW furction fos a non teeminal * tay tanking eahoe tt lai present anithe. RES on ay production Rule. ' I ih | | i i | A> ale k Ex S—> ABCDE B— ble C—e bale E—Sefe SHURE? pais, toe “hae ts re ErRSTO) Hay S-> AwcDe ES ae AaA& t E P=coE eae ce B= BcdE Fotvas(ay= JRIRST()E pig ~ tek FoLtow(a)= Frasr(a-el a > nat oe ' UFIRET(e) p= Be : als = LLow(c) = Bese v5 Terer(o- -£3 0 oso = }lFiest(o)- a Se £3 LU Porto u sprecr’e)-4potrow(s) = 8¢ 4 rowtow(as = 9 b<$ potiow(B) = $3 gottow(c)= ite # 4 porrow(b)> Le, #k Foltow(e) = ift Preiclive parting’ ctepet L. Eleminata (eft recucscion a. Left Fackorry 3. Calewale First & FOLLOW Ruvton 4. Comtheuction of- Predichive Pasng Trble S. Pate the input ching . checte whaler Buen .qremmar ih ex => &> bet/T Pen worcne cate T= TxE/E Texminal on RHS. F—> (®)/id leLb vecuumosy:. ah A> RA' A'—> «a [2 E> Te! elorre'[e tet! a> «rt fe F—>(e)/ ialam stp:2 left Rachening in wot ae be! Hun Chay, (s nance thew ate wo Common Shr | Step:3 Calewat FIRST ® FOLLOW | FIRST(E)= $6,143 Finst(e')= $4,204 (= open pore Jr, ‘ Einst (= 3C, 143 Binst (T)= 34,25 einst(P)= 3G iat | Fowow (e) = 3 4,93 ; FouLow(e') = 2 $3 | ) mechovert pratanttesis | Fottow (> = 2+, yy $t : i Fottow(1')= 3 +, 43 FoLLow(F) = oo «,), R si ci es PSOE NTRS ETE SE TERIOT j este! ie i FotLow(r) = LFiRst (e)- stu Penis | = 453 i te eT i ae i Soe Sedu, ),88 Povow(e = 3 wio sed 4% = det 4hSeep iy Consbruction of predltetive patting Table he / eal ¢ y |ta eT e Este Ete! Cj clove! Ese else T a TFT tet "Talsg [tlseet hot Lhse El F+ (8) Fo id S| c Ratte the fapu Sbsiwg. , STACK INPUT OUTPUT te tA«tdpil¢d | este! ¢eT tdetdpidd | Toe! dete detdtid$ | Pid fetid | tnid+idd fop ger! Hidtidd fais! dere & A+A$\ | pop deve fat idd © e—sed felts ict idd PoP ' t er ttdd TasR Ses + fd¢ e+ Te! | det+ +iag Pop Eid vida ld. Bx, LL Grammar 0 Prectictive pong. i os iets/ietses/q ' Ea | Sepa! eg fadoving Ss ibtss/a 2 si yeles ei ¢: aSep? east O peer(Sei lat riner (2)= 184k past(e)= ick Fottow() ——— rorow(s) = 34,654 FoLLow(s = gte3 FoLtow(e)= LER - Hee Gonthuction ‘of predictive patting Table « Ee mises Sclses, ctoet se enous, ul ‘wot LLC) qrammak| aa © TBplaumn Beating wih bacbhacking = Bp clown pareing ui: hackbeacking, the parter usit{ aloo vate 2 mutes to ictuatify the match fov teput ching, by hackbacking ab eves Shp of dedvakion, So if the applied production clocrrit qive the Up Shing ab necdesl OF ‘t doesnt meld, sills the weeded ching then tE can undlo that Stat. Ber Ssahd A-> be/b Taputshing & “abs” (Ga porter tt takes pA Ee eee altemakie) ATA a 7 hore x s ah OA beckteele a Deen aaa b =p aly: Bottom Up pasting i YeAuce SLEG) CLR LALR parcerHandle _Prtining += Hale Wa Stuoshivg of a given chi strat muitches the badly of Protuction, dbo. yeduckon vepretenty One Step akong ust the newire fA aight most Aalvation. Seutential jow: sa here'a’ & Caled ceuteal fom, ard “Q Coun be the. mblice of both’ teemina. awd non- temic Sz aABe A> Atc/b. Bod \ RMD i NENUAE | A An Wey ‘Senkentiak ae RMD 9 Sie ahkBe => ahae RMD RM i => aAbbede | covere => abbede owe pruning def —> Removing roving the clatdien of the. Lat hanck site wen-teaminch [own the Pathe ° shee ig calles © Manele pruning. A wight mo daikon te tenaie can be — chkatredd by handle puneee Bee Ceuta BB => Et ERE } Es Ere Setexid | => EAE > eErid« id E> t > fA+id vid “He adaid : iazide Etrtdk id E+ Ex id RMD EtE*E ua) E+E E (Root) Chibt-Redce poser / Bottom up Operations /netion @ shite @ Reduce. Accepe i re Ting, © Excox S—Won-timival Sbubing Sear ‘ f-wd Fs the sha j fee —> Veter Shiite Send br Hose ub ce l the Stack until WEUBla gical ioe ee —> tHardle & FE Ot ce a He—> Noonan the Success fel Compl etlon —> Call an ettor Yecovery roukine Ex! Ses Ce CC/4 weeded Shack Tapa Ackion $ ededd | stage Ue $e acd¢ | shitt fed cag “| weduued by Cod gee cd $ reduced by CC 40 ct slit #Ce Ag shift ie $ reduce by Coq a ? reduce by Coed £Ccl ‘ £ ae by aoe fcc 5 $s | Accept. 4s 4 > LR(0) Parra The. LR(0) pamer & am efbfidenk. Bettom-up syntax analysis techneye thak can be Used for a lasge cast of confext pres grammer Tha techuiane 4 alo called LR(0). Petting . > stewdas for left te righ Scam aS stands for wight mat Siete °C (Zee) Stoudt bor no of Vp : eof. Look oy heaparma? = BES A AE a Augmented Gramvnor petal Th Gh wa quan. til then * G' (Augurres feed ann with a neo deacting cymbol | > +S She purpote oF the meee cteuking praduckion iy te flint te the pura then tt spoula Slop ; pueng ' ee pot (®) before 's! Iincticalta fhe lef ack (tept-side) far been read by a Coser len and he vght cide oF a aot (-) i yet te be read by the Compile. ty cheubive Symbol ‘g S er for) tb Aqrarany (pereltnre toc S ave PrtsAon, Ex: —S>AA.. A>aA/b Sdukton: ; pee Aa grammar TOsis.s : Ten (DS AA FI (2) A—> aA et A> +b LRU) Collection of theme. 2 ee Cee) S> S+ (Rapneatad) Ta: goto (Te A) SOMA AA a Sab ee oe ialoe goles (e,a AL> aA 1 Aman A> eb Ty: qole r5,b) Arb: Te: Goto (Tz,A) S— AA: Ig: gots (T.a) A ohe LR(o) poring Table.SLR(4) Parser ete) Qavrer Bble To (0) s'—>-s C1) Sea (2) AO A (3) A>-b ! al al [a [s[se[ [s a; qete (rs , 2]S}S+ ces y | Fa | ait Ta: qote (Zo, A) Ss %, So AA fe] w]e | Az -aA } ab a Folloco (s) =3$4 Ta: qote (oD Follao(a)= Fa, b, $4 Azar - Aak Credit pot artecend Ab iat) > Dok : T+ qote (To, b) Acco — ong! Ab. Te. agte (Ia,A SAA. - Ie. qole (2,4) Aad.SLRCI) pana We er t/t TO TK E/F F> (O/iA CLR Portes CLR Reser (canonical LR) eae Tt & bolton UP parser Cmece Tp LR(o) wor lookahead function C4 Trial) thecka lookahead function. LRlo) LR()= LR(od+ Lockahead cova : Kes see 4 care3 BSp,d4 A—> a/b. CAaneQ A> «B4 BS b$ Augmenlea Grammar TofOS>.5, $ (os—.-Ce, $ (pe—-eC, YA Cd, YA. I. goto (To-s) ess4., qetoGec) Tei c-5 ct, 4 c—.cc.F CH» A$Ter Cent, SA CLR pared ferble, Cc, YA = sae CA, Jd aie gb Ged Tats Tas Ca SA st tea, C) | S| SF 9 Tp: see. $ fa) | Pe ger Gad) al Te. Cod, ¢ at C-ce, ¢ Gssd4 Be qote(aA) pats Iu: Goa qoto(ac) : Te:ccc. oA actoltae) Ja: cee FLALR patser Clook alert LP) sec Coed cod od Aarne oer | eur LALR ints Leds) dems a “Goto. Baas 4+-—-—4 | Toi) S>-s 4 @s—>-e¢,F @C>-ct, dd |} @CoA dd M|ELR [70 acto (Ho, S) a > T, s'>s.4 qete (Io.t) Ta Sec, $4 €-Sec, ¢ Cpatei$ a tee: C—>e-d, clal$¢ c-cd, oAlt Cu -4, clAl4 pis ei Tart Cd, dal$ aotel Is: S—>ce.4 ote ( : eq: G—scd. ¢ (cA. *“Bottom Up pueer epuatay Grammas =S No & ov RHS —>No tis Adjacent oh wate 4S Operator Precedence Psr BX levdof stig yeduce paring trothad TE BapPlicd Smal} Chass of- opesalos apramnan A opsammos cad be opeecrtins pratllag Apramma “pit has 2 propatixs : —>No RHS of amy podudion (ee —> No two non-bearminals ate Achpconks, Opoaln precedance. can only estebtilied bs the feamiual of the Tamas, (er i won Ferma pore Thule ara 2 Operator preeedance pelatica - Oase = xkw lidar precedence seen @ a sidxid¢ | pop, Rediued by E> el $e: < tide id ¢ shift gE+ z idnid$ | ctapt SErid > : wid 4 | pop, Rechucect by Eu 4E+E & wid | shift ferer |) < iad | cuage sE+Es > 4 Redued Esty feece) 4 | Reclueed EPEXE dete | > f¢ | Reclced EDETE $e $ | Acceot.a4 unit ACC — t ther Ci ile sit ye YACC— Yet Another compiler compiler YACE. %& Known Ah Yet Another Compiler Compiles, TEU tect to produce the Sows coke Of the syntactic awaleywee of the (dwquae produced by LALROD) grammar Yace : Speatfication “yacc Vbbe handab .y | compila He Gome Yetab-c NV corpses acout: frpuk Ovouk 1+ 5 ‘oukpukl. YACC Goure proqrar.) Conkorins tne Pauls [i ening odie i Ln j Teandlation yilu - | % te | Supposing C mbes Cheah >= 1| al....--|! — ¥Scomautic ackion?\¢ | a 2< Semautve ction a}Witt a VACE progvam for dusk Cateulatey we # frclute %% pp token DIGIT 7% Line sexpy X83 pwn (rn 5 Partt("ZAin’ $1) 3 > oe rexpy '+'tam 9344-41442 Q | tear > teem steam ‘x! factor oma ds «2 | feckor > fotor Cops BE fa gash | Diet 3 L To Ye L ht ¢5 c =qetchorC); fF Cischigit (OD L YYlval = ¢- ‘O's yetusn DIGITS “yeliun Ce