PORTFOLIO OF EVIDENCE

TEACHER:
FELIPE QUINTANAR ALVAREZ

MATTER: ENGLISH IV

INSTITUTE: ICSa

STUDENT:
ORTIZ GOMEZ KYREM

GRADE: 4 SEMESTER GROUP: “2”

CYCLE: JANUARY – JUNE 2020

CAREER: NUTRITION

COVER DATE: FEBRUARY 2020

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 INDEX
20 tools to work in nutrition........................................................................................................3
20 internal parts of the body.......................................................................................................9
20 professions or ocuppations related with nutrition................................................................15
10 places you can find in a hospital............................................................................................21
Oral Exam.................................................................................................................................24
Present Perfect vs Simple Past...................................................................................................25
Past Simple vs Past Progressive..................................................................................................26
How Long. – When did?.............................................................................................................27
Present Perfect Progressive.......................................................................................................28
Already, Yet, Ever, Since, For, Ago.............................................................................................30
Been and Gone..........................................................................................................................34
Hope, expect, wait....................................................................................................................34
Shall, need, needn’t, have, can,musn´t, should, must, ought to, might.......................................37
Offers, suggestions and advice.......................................................................................37
Affirmative form...................................................................................................................37
Negative form.......................................................................................................................37

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 Vocabulary

20 tools to work in nutrition

Number English Word Spanish Word Image
1 Plicometer Plicometro

2 Measuring Cinta metrica

Tape

3 InBody InBody

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4 Anthropometric Banco
Bench Antropometrico

5 Weighing Bascula
Machine

6 Measuring Cup Taza medidora

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7 Stadiometer Estadimetro

8 Pachymeter Paquimetro

9 Segmometer Segmometro

10 Blood pressure Esfigmomanómetro

cuff

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11 Glucometer Glucometro

12 Stethoscope Estetoscopio

13 Lab Coat Bata de laboratorio

14 Thermometer Termometro

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15 Digital Scale Bascula Digital

16 Software Software

17 Infographics Infografias

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18 Tanita Scale Bascula Tanita

19 Caliber of Calibre de ramas

curved curvas
branches

20 Sliding gauges Calibres deslizantes

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 Vocabulary

20 internal parts of the body

Number English Word Spanish Word Image
1 Pancreas Pancreas

2 Liver Higado

3 Stomach Estomago

4 Kidneys Riñones

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5 Small Intestine Intestino delgado

6 Heart Corazon

7 Veins Venas

8 Arteries Arterias

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9 Lungs Pulmones

10 Bones Huesos

11 Large Intestine Intestino grueso

12 Brain Cerebro

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13 Bladder Vejiga

14 Ureter Ureter

15 Muscle Musculo

16 Appendix Apendice

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17 Esophagus Esofago

18 Spleen Bazo

19 Bronchi Broquios

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20 Windpipe Traquea

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 Vocabulary

20 professions or ocuppations related with nutrition

Number English Word Spanish Word Image

1 Gatronomy Gastronomia

2 Food Chimestry Quimica de

alimentos

3 Food Technology Tecnologia en

alimentos

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4 Sport Nutrition Nutricion
deportiva

5 Psychology Psicologia

6 Biology Biologia

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7 Food Science Ciencia en
alimentos

8 Microbiology Microbiologia

9 Public Health Salud Publica

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10 Food safety Seguridad
Alimentaria

11 Food industry Ingenieria en

engineering Industria
alimentaria

12 Food Genomics Genomica

alimentaria

13 Agronomy Agronomia

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14 Agricultural Ingenieria
engineering Agricola

15 Medicine Medicina

16 Biotechnology Biotecnologia

17 Statistics Estadistica

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18 Clinical Psychology Psicologia Clinica

19 Nanotechnology Nanotecnologia

20 Genetics Genetica

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 Vocabulary

10 places you can find in a hospital

Number English Word Spanish Word Image
1 Cardiology Cardiologia

2 Intensive Care Cuidados

Intensivos

3 Preventive Medicina
Medicine Preventiva

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4 Gynecology and Ginecologia y
obstetrics Obstreticia

5 Oncology Oncología

6 Medical Urgencias Medicas

Emergency

7 Urology Urologia

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8 Clinical Laboratorios
Laboratories clinicos

9 Rehab Rehabilitacion

10 Pediatrics Pediatria

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 Oral Exam
Changes of Mexico has had in the last 10 years in nutrition

Time: 2 minutes
The problems of obesity and malnutrition in the country are of great importance due to it´s high incidence in the
population. in Mexico is not only a food problem, its about education.
Occupying first place in childhood obesity and second place in adult obesity worldwide, it is very important that we realize
that having the resources to feed is only half the way, while learning to feed properly it’s the hardest. The prevalence of
obesity in children and adults has increased about 50% in the last 10 years. Recent studies in Mexico show important
changes in the nutritional status of the Mexican population, especially the pediatric. Among the factors associated with the
development of obesity are: excessive food consumption, sedentary lifestyle and hereditary factors.
In Mexico, the apparent economic development, as well as the importation of eating patterns, have contributed to
changing the lifestyle. Despite the measures implemented by our health system, iron deficiency anemia prevails, as does
zinc deficiency.
Currently, the importance of production, self-sufficiency and food availability must be emphasized; because for achieving
proper nutrition requires a diet sufficient and balanced containing the essential micronutrients recommended by experts in
nutrition.

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 Present Perfect vs Simple Past
Present Perfect Simple Past
Unfinished actions that started in the past and Finished actions:
continue to the present:
I knew Julie for ten years (but then she moved away and
I've known Julie for ten years (and I still know her). we lost touch).

A finished action in someone's life (when the person is A finished action in someone's life (when the person is
still alive: life experience): dead):

My brother has been to Mexico three times. My great-grandmother went to Mexico three times.

A finished action with a result in the present: A finished action with no result in the present:

I've lost my keys! (The result is that I can't get into my I lost my keys yesterday. It was terrible! (Now there is no
house now). result. I got new keys yesterday).

With an unfinished time word (this week, this month, With a finished time word (last week, last month,
today): yesterday):

I've seen John this week. I saw John last week.

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  We use the past simple for past events or actions which have no connection to the present.
 We use the present perfect for actions which started in the past and are still happening now OR for finished actions
which have a connection to the present.
 We CAN'T use the present perfect with a finished time word:

NOT: I've been to the museum yesterday.

Past Simple vs Past Progressive

The simple past talks about something that happened before. It happened and it finished. Some words are regular and
just have -ed added at the end like walked, helped, and played. Others are irregular and have many variations
like ate, began, and slept.

The past progressive talks about something that was happening before, but for a period of time. It
uses was or were + verb-ing like was eating or were playing. It gives a background for something that was happening
while a different event happened.

Example: While I was eating, the telephone rang.

So, during the time I was eating (let's say from 6:30-7:00 p.m.) somebody called my house (let's say they called at
6:49p.m.) One thing happened (simple past) during the period of time another thing was happening (past progressive.)

Here is another example: They saw an old man as they were walking down the street.

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You can think of walking as a video. You see the movement. You see the time passing. Think of saw as a photo. It is one
point of time. You don't think of the time passing.

I dreamed in English when I was sleeping.

She was listening to the radio when the mail came.
They visited Sydney when they were traveling in Australia.

How Long. – When did?

1. How long

We use how long…? To talk about a period of time.

 We use questions woth How long…? And the past simple to ask about something that started and finished in
the past:
How long did Emily live in Alaska? (she doesn´t live in Alaska now)
 We use questions with how long…? And the present perfect to ask about something that started in the past and
still happening now:
How long has he lived in a lighthouse? (he lives there now)

We make Past Simple questions with:

How long + did + subject + infinitive

How long auxiliary subject infinitive

How long did He lived In gaslow ?
How long did you Work In USA?
We make Present Perfect questions with:

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 How long + have or has + subject + past participle

How long auxiliary subject Past Participle

How long has he lived in a loghthouse ?
How long have you been married?
How long have they known each other?
TIPS We often answer questions How long…? Questions with short phrases, not complete sentences:
 How long have you lived there?
 Since January

2. When did?

The past tense of DO is DID for all subjects:

I / you / we / they / he / she / it - DID

 I did my homework in record time.

 We did everything we could to help.
 He did a somersault on the trampoline
 When did she go?
 When did they play football?

Present Perfect Progressive

1. Use of the Present Perfect Progressive

1.1. actions beginning in the past and still continuing (focus is on the action) – mostly with since (point of time) or for
(period of time)

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 I have been waiting for you for three hours. (It was too long.)
 I have been living in this house for 40 years. ...
 I have been climbing up this mountain for over two hours. ...
 I have been waiting for you since 10 am.

1.2. recently completed actions (focus is on the action)

She has been watching too many videos. (It took too much time.)

2. Signal words

 all day
 the whole day
 since
 for
 Questions with how long
3. Form
have/has + been + infinitive + -ing

4.1. Affirmative sentences in the present perfect progressive

Long Form Contracted form

I have been playing handball I´ve been playing handball
You have been playing handball You´ve been playing handball
He has been playing handball He´s been playing handball

4.2 Negative sentences in the present perfect progressive

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I haven´t been playing handball

4.3 Questions in the Present Perfect Progressive

Have I been playing handball?

Already, Yet, Ever, Since, For, Ago

1. Already and Yet

The words already and yet are common words in English that generally refer to an event that has or has not happened
before another event in the past or present:

 She hasn't finished her assignment yet.

The event has not been completed up to the present moment in time.

 Jennifer had already eaten by the time he arrived.

The event occurred before another event took place.

Yet

Yet used with the present perfect means 'at any time up to now'. We use it to emphasise that we expect something to
happen soon. Yet (in this context) is only used in negative sentences and questions.

 Have you finished your homework yet?

 I haven't finished it yet. I'll do it after dinner.

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  A. Where's Sam? B: He hasn't arrived yet.
 Their daughter has not yet decided what she wants to study. ...
 If you have't seen the movie yet, you should read the book first. .

Yet comes at the end of the sentence or question.

Already

Already used with the present perfect means 'before now'. We use it to emphasise that something happened before
something else or earlier than expected.

 I've already spent my salary and it's two weeks before payday.
 He wanted to see Sudden Risk but I've already seen it.
 The train's left already!
 We have already seen this method work. ...
 What are you going to hide from me that I haven't already seen? ...

Already can come between the auxiliary and the main verb or at the end of the clause.

2. Ever

Ever usually means at any time and can be used to refer to past, present and future situations. The converse, meaning at
no time, is never. Ever is mainly used in questions. Sometimes it is used in negative sentences (not ever) as an
alternative to never.:

 Were you ever in the Boy Scouts? ~ No, I never was.

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  Have you ever been to the Everglades in Florida? ~ Yes, I was there once, but it was years ago.
 Will you ever speak to her again? ~ No, I don't think I ever will.
 If you ever need any help, just give me a ring.

ever : for emphasis

We sometimes use ever to give emotive emphasis to what we are saying as an indication that we feel very strongly about
it.

 If I ever catch you fiddling your expenses claims again, you'll be sacked.

3. For and Since

Using the present perfect, we can define a period of time before now by considering its duration, with for + a period of
time, or by considering its starting point, with since + a point in time. FOR and SINCE can also both be used with the
past perfect. SINCE can only be used with perfect tenses. FOR can also be used with the simple past.

We use for with a period of time (how long):

 for six years
 for a week
 for a month
 for hours
 for two hours

I´ve lived in this country for about three years

I have worked here for five years.
She was waiting for him for five years

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How long will you go there for?
Jane will live in Paris for six months

We use since with a point in time (when something started):

 since this morning
 since last week
 since yesterday
since I was a child
 since Wednesday
 since 2 o'clock

We´ve had this place since 2008

I have worked here since 1990.
I haven’t seen them since 2012
It has been raining since morning
Since we met, I haven’t stopped thinking of you

TIPS We can also use for with the Past Simple: I lived in Colombia for six years.

4. Ago
The adverb ago refers to a period of time that is completed and goes from a point in the past up to now. Ago follows
expressions of time:

 It happened a long time ago.

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  They arrived in Athens six weeks ago
 He died three years ago.
 I read the book some time ago.
 The robbery occurred about a week ago.

Been and Gone

With the present perfect tense we can use both been and gone.
 Been is the past participle of be.
 Gone is the past participle of go.

Use been to describe completed visits.

If you have visited a place on holiday and then returned you have been there.
If someone visits a place but has not come home they have gone there.

Examples
 She's been to India on holiday three times.
 She's gone to Moscow, she will be back next week.
 When you ask someone about their past experiences use been.
 You smell of beer! Have you been drinking?
Have you ever been to Paris?

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 Hope, expect, wait
1. Expect

We use expect to say that we believe that something will happen. We use expect in the following main patterns:

expect + object: She’s expecting a second baby.

expect + to-infinitive: We expect to move into our new flat next week.
expect + that-clause We expected that the guest house would have much
better rooms.
expect + object + to-infinitive:3 The company expects her to be early.

Expect also means ‘think’ or ‘suppose’. When expect has this meaning, we do not commonly use it in the continuous form:

A:
Will he have bought the necklace by now?
B:
I expect so.
Not: I’m expecting so.

I expect that he’ll be wearing that bright blue shirt.

Not: I am expecting …

When we expect that something will not happen or is not true, expect is most commonly used in a negative form:
I don’t expect she will pass the exam. (preferred to I expect she won’t pass …)

2. Hope

We use hope when we do not know whether something will happen or not but we want it to happen. We use hope in the
following patterns:

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 hope + to-infinitive: I think you were hoping to see your family next week.
hope + that clause: I hope that your sister recovers quickly from the operation
hope + for:
[parents discussing the birth of their next child]
We’ve already got two boys so we’re hoping for a girl.
.

We use hope to express good intentions and wishes for the future:
I hope we can see each other soon.
Not: I wish we can see each other soon.
I hope you enjoy your stay in Greece.
Not: I wish you enjoy your stay in Greece.
3. Wait
We use wait when we refer to letting time pass because we are expecting that something is going to happen. We
use wait in the following main patterns:

wait (imperative): Just wait here with the bags and I’ll go and get a taxi.
wait + for: Don’t worry. I’ll wait for you.
wait + to-infinitive: When the band arrived at the concert hall, a large crowd of
screaming fans were waiting to greet them..

wait + for + object + to-infinitive:

They’re waiting for him to make up his mind and won’t do anything until he does.

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 Shall, need, needn’t, have, can,musn´t, should, must, ought to, might
1. Shall

Offers, suggestions and advice

We use shall I and shall we to make offers and suggestions, and to ask for advice.

offer Shall I carry your bag?

suggestion Shall I call again on Thursday?

seeking advice What shall we do with this?

Affirmative form

Shall comes first in the verb phrase (after the subject and before another verb). We use it mostly with I and we:
I shall post it to you tomorrow.
Shall cannot be used with another modal verb:
We shall have to tell him what happened.
The good news is I shall be able to join you at your meeting next week.

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Negative form

The negative form of shall is shan’t. We don’t use don’t, doesn’t, didn’t with shall:
I shan’t be home tomorrow night.

2. Need and Needn´t

 We use need to express the idea that it is necessary to do something.

You need to get an appointment 2 months in advance to guarantee seeing the orthodontist.

 We use don’t need to, don’t have to or needn’t to express the idea that something is not necessary
You needn’t take your shoes off.
You don’t need to take your shoes off.

 When it is a modal verb, need is most often used with verbs like panic, worry, concern, fear or bother.
You needn’t bother to feed the cat. She had enough today.
He needn’t have worried about passing the exam. He came top.

3. Have
The verb have is used in a number of ways in English. It can be used as an auxiliary verb. It can also be used as an
ordinary verb.

As an ordinary verb have indicates ideas such as possession of objects, individual characteristics, relationships etc.

Examples:

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  He has a brother in Germany.
 She has long hair.
 The baby has blue eyes.
 I have two kids.
 I have an apple

Have is used in the present tense when the subject is a plural noun or the pronouns I / you / they / we.

Has is used in the present tense when the subject is a singular noun or pronoun.

Had is used in the past tense with subjects of all numbers and persons.

4. Can

It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.

Examples:

 I can ride a horse. ability

 We can stay with my brother when we are in Paris. opportunity
 She cannot stay out after 10 PM. permission
 Can you hand me the stapler? request
 Any child can grow up to be president. Possibility

5. Must
To express obligation or duty

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This also refers to laws and regulations.

 I must memorize all of these rules about modal verbs.

 People must remain seated until the show is over.
 You must wear a seatbelt at all times.
 You must study the last two chapters before the test.
 You must wash the dishes

6. Should

We use should tos ay an advice or a local deduction

 You should take an umbrella in case it rains.

 I've revised so I should be ready for the test.
 You should eat something
 I should be doing my homework
 You should learn english

7. Mustn´t

Prohibition

 You mustn't tell Alex. It's a surprise

 You mustn't laugh, Miss," said Dunyasha. ...
 Helen is about the same--pale and thin; but you mustn't think she is really ill. ...
 He mustn't be without a stepmother either! ...
 I have two copies, and will send you one; but you mustn't show it to anybody. ...

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  Naughty, naughty, Miss Reagan; mustn't make daddy mad!

8. Ought to

To say an advice or a local deduction

 You ought to write to your grandmother.

 30 € ought to be enough for the taxi.
 They ought to have more parks in the city centre.
 We ought to eat lots of fruit and vegetables every day.
 We ought to have locked the gate. Then the dog wouldn't have got out…

9. Might

Slight possibility, Past form of 'may' in reported speech:

 We might win a prize but I doubt it.

 The President said he might come
 She might be on the bus. I think her car is having problems.
 She might have taken the bus. I'm not sure how she got to work.
 She might take the bus to get home. I don't think Bill will be able to give her a ride.

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