Higher order linear ODE n'* Order ODE 2 Pls, baa +f?) =o, 7 peta aan Now- horwas eneanss diver ODE» 4 bald FR OT to thea theyy = ve) + Homogenous Aimeac ODE: ¥X)= 0 Pep OTE COP thas Rw@y=d ee Feuer pesition Principle hold far #¥ ! Some and Constant am Wh kp ler of Seda kong on Sowe open interwt D ave again Solukms on TD. FO iF FO Int) ore 1 Le ha kng fxs then yee % Bi b4)+ G Galo 4 7 Gn ante) jsLinear Independence ana Dependence » ¥ Consider 1 Rime bong YyeQ, ~~~, Yad defiudd on come ope interval T. hem , tere Amelong ave Lineasly independent mr if te eguakon ® KAO te FRAG = O mT DZD keke =k =o mT A there Binckong ave Callad Livrearly cepenckwt- on rc if the egunkion @ algo holdg on T fos Some (Unipve Ki, Kao 7 Kw NOT ALL VEPO.TE YO), In) are (iy bwrer Ai flenentin ble, tren fam @, K HOO + KILO) Fo + Ky nO = O Ke WOO 4K WON H+ En I) = i) (iy * fr) Kd, CO) FKY W)+4-- +Kny, (2) =O JO) YO) ---- Ilr) Ki] _ [oe oO ae) y ey Jn (a) ha se) " In) - ey Ky © > AX =O Tk det AeD => Alenishs =p Urigne Sol” X07 Boe = Br?of kK." Co £ By), oo Ini) owe Aineechy dependent, then Ky Ila) + ---- + Ky Init) =O baide foo mot all Boo - act vse Soy if kK, FO, ten qh) - ~G, (- Kt 7 Kn Int) e -K2 gym - Zi Bw ~ onty ar — = Co I) 403 YQ) 4- + On In ly I Fo “dinene Com binakn St otter “n-1’ Airc thong(2: Check Livesr dependemer + In da « “f pen Gide 2, Winns Fe, Y300) = 2 Ghakonw Chwse, K=O, Kys = —e Kyc/ Thee Ky, IMO TELA) TROD = fr Ki, Ka, Ky wot all BED. => dineaw cepenclene. Example: Cheek dineax Lependevee 4 Independence 1. Olay =e HA, Ilapo we) ace -l4x4/ 2 Gluten, Ki Xt Ks Ue Ky? 2D espe 2 kK, + Kp a4 Kg 3% 70 afte Pd vey IE = oOo a Se * O+ Kir +4 K26x =O | as deb Az xe (nist) -i(eh- 18) os Keke Kno 3 He = 6Cet—Uuges 2x3 FO only ywigve Sedubion <74f E xomp|Genepar Sovu TION, BASIS, ARTCULAR SoLoTION! Gererel Solution sf #% on am open intecort T is sf tre Bev De Cr HD AORCOT Tt CI) Ce Cy Gn Ore. ey wwe — FY, Ul) ane Aivemlly in clepende Luling fxn on 2, called “bosis’Cor Pumdamental Spetem ) Far pox heulay valmes st tue Core tardy Cer Ge we will Sat Pactionlae Colukog” sf HeTVP: Existena 4 Dirig nemees : qe Bo ot - +B, cay! theo ©, HK. HDA 7 STANDARD FORM: Daibial Condibion : te) «Ke Therrow: (Existue & Umgnoveds) ; of the codficients ben, --, pratt) ame Confined on Cove Gen inten D amet a, ET. qu tre = EvP has a uvigne Soluk&v on T . F romp: ey 3g" +67 ae —by=0 yee, papel YON e mY. Stondoed Fra: Yo Sea" +ea'- Gy +0 peoeh, F002 ee at) are Condivnas on Same feral sper abd avnmd Fe | —t-— ° t adrinwor Ducependenee Sf Solubieng ) Wrong ian TE Ate, --y Ina are mM Seludttens oe then Wemnslefan Write) = |) O20 dn te tec an eat ge Theorem’ det the ODE xm have Corkinwars Coethiienls pian... Bt) on Some open: intern Doe we Sedu bors Jeg, -- - Satay en Bare dimen by on Diff ten Wheres WU,--7In) 14 Bere fee Some X= % mT. Puctvermere Sf W is Bere for X= > ptuen W is idenkealh, ere nD. fewe if there is an ey in TD ak wildy wT ig pot Berd , then jhyrdrare AD. mL ama fore a basis.Theorovw | Extstamee st Gort Seda on 3 Sf tre coefficients bia), 2 Pate) Pte are, Cortirnds on Siwe open interml I, tum ta Aas reicaaa Solukm om T herron~* Gerornl Sela kor Ta elu ces all the Soduliong ; af tre ope am fag Corbimns Coffiiends poy, -. 7) Byylt) on Some spew intern T Men every Ce Lane net gee f ee on Tis St the bem Ye Cy dtd Ho tw Male) Whe Bla), --y Int) are basis luton Lamon T amd Gu Gy one Suitable Constat.Homopenras Aimea ODEs with Canstomb Coetfeiewls | U ( 4 0,., foe Lo +O ylb Agee B Ana, 7 1, Ay Oe Constants . 7 de Step-\: Cheoce a thal Soluhon qe a Step-r2 1 Cherectanshe %: Rt Byat oe AHMED « [een day XJ Step-x > There are Pour pai bilibes @® Disket real cots Disket Complex Gnjugelt woot Mulbple real wots matte Midhple Cowples Conjug okt wots Zook \ Disknet Prats@M Diswnet REAL Ports » p Aw ane ne diskwet ceAlvotze | Mar ok Ay te", we Ley fore a BABS and Geren Solako. 5 Me Ant ee gm: ce +0 ee" he ne Example: +" -4y"-4 +24 = Dla. Ch ee! RH LAT AH ATL =O plone ares Del, L,-) oie = x 1k ~% % a atyn- Gs aMYaqe +Ge +e ae RR aA = NCAR) - ALY diveathy Independence ° eo, +, e PRADA 2 RO, aa 2 (4) (N2a-2) “ " Mt Am An( & We OM, Om) =| Se Raw xe a at WK MT re re_ oe yt hw \ re Ort 4 Ane nd Oh a ee x . 1 : Tr O04; -35 wo wT leiggen i) #0 Theorem » CBasis) ». Dur ' Sclukos y\- ON a Oe TE CXS way ) faras o basis SoluNow be ten or Complex Conjugate ine open intermt Sif all we wats ome a flere. Tue > (Aimer Independence) re Any cham der sf alahony ot the form < ane dinerly iw dependenl” om an fe interrel iff cornspondty, are di foentk- xs® Semnece Complex Boots’ Lad, Lue ahghuct Complex Conjugate ants ame Gaia, 7 Se tSK Cosses pore Lig Celukors Owe: StsI% el Seti Lo. LR EBIE uk 6 Tut C, el cb, x. Oo Sin Bit ax ROBB XQ Sine RX, laps, CU'Sind Our , GSE SET [ Alo 8 C+ BSind iO)” $e (ALE Bic Shu Noe: LE we have wired sf veal and Complex Conjragore wesots Codishet) Ay, Ayo) Am, 5 £81, ep Se tidx C mt1e>n) Gor Cy At it Cun Het Cn COE Als A BSAA) EAE (Ales Be FB SiderEvowpes p= y"-tloo x! - lu? p= solubm! Ch 3%) D- ArHIDMA IOP = © Azl ie Sel” by iwepecttm: N- 2 41 mA-1e =O > PM avterray 7° 7 OY tim) = 0 =p AHal, AHxdtle GS: Go = C ex + A Cyi0% + B Sinlox @ Moenere Dear Roots : ch the wot Ay Vepeats WL Hweg , ther Corres we O45 independ ¢ oldu hors ame Me bX want X er Ot tk N% , Zey TO stow | OU x eM, Example: 4" ay Solukong! Ch. a ete Is 4-5. 0 3" . y" =e v 1 % ~ -artasar- aveo on 2 2) * ( Wax 43a-D x0 ay CMa 42A4A -7 20 [xoav TPAV) ACAD) Tog = ZX > & CA-DLM-AH) = © > cat) Cady =0 2 ne 0,0, WV 2 ca GS: (¢, +QxJe- + Clg thy xtlex?)e aL BH Cyt re + Cag cyrtese) eMvenere Cometex Roots » If otis, vepeds we Bwes tren independent Cola rs ave EX (Ay cnaix +B) Sim sz) ; cae (A, x038/ 4+ Bt Smsx) ; aad Ava St +B” Sind.) S\x 7 CO Sa I Ct co a CC tat eet) Sine] C1, 0, 7 Cm & Cy, & CL ase accbibrr Covctawhe ) ™ myEnomple. par "+ = Culutiow: Ch %: Merwe! FO 9 hey = G.S: Seer ; Cerra) CX +(Catlyt)Simx sce Erawmple: a a De 1a 6099 ? ay" = 30 9! 4 bt yz! 64 0 ON Sa lakon: Subskduke : ae e => te bage 4ED'J -by20 4 rn | “3 ° aa, ot te = a8 Ce g7 Pad y = DY = DDD y , (3°4) ch & - NOMI -3AM-N +FEr-6 =O KBs tay > AzUZB. ~ (OTDY4s ¢, e +6, e + Cy et ao ett Hoax? Alon Homegenowrs Aimer ODEs: Peb CoP a +heog thie = Fox) Gerecel Sobaben YOO = G00 + ap 4 t Cam plewe- toro Pavkovbar Pave DylegrreMethod af Undetemived Coe€Cicierts 2 © D asic Qula te Sawe ag pee ows - @® Modi Beaton Rule: 2f Some part sf pled vg olseay, present in Comp owen tarry Lmnedron , Hiren ren ply chat teem b5 a5 sve ttl x is tre Smallest posihre tategor far wh Ww ae anh pG ed by ttt term is rota Solu km - ® Sow ule | Sawe o8 foevions . Tab ic wer Sawe os previ wgExampl: yh ay" tag ty - a0 er Gluten! ChE. HAN + BAH =O “) (Ary Bg Ae IY, CRs Cit aatexe™ = I. Trial ypc =Cx7e™ IYO) = acvre% — Cx*%e™* Ip) = 6C% et bere ta cve* Jy = 6CE scx * 470K *— XESobshhkws gn odb C= & . Jp) = Exe QS gape (ita xtaxye +e Mettod ML variation sf Parcawrelors: EE OR ee CMD oo + GID Tre eo Sted [AS veo Kot ii} ii} I) fas TOD et - FIle) “art there, W; (a1) obtain’) Seem wi by veplacesiy tir areal Ww LLBrame: Pg to ody" bey! fy = athe Bilan Ghandavd form: yyy -fge anys x3 Vromog emarwns ° y" - 24" ee ky ~ @ ay 7 Oe styteed—g? OL) (Eta Cocky) x= eo =D 2 beyx. K 7 (ped {DV = BDW--: (o- Fi) 2 (e-y10-2) =20(p-1) + bY - 6) =o, CG ACAAA)- BO) FATE =O a DV [AMD FET IOV DEM TA+E] > AVA) MY oe D AEUVBa 2 CF: Ce Qe ege® = Cp et Oe 4623 x 7 3g " W(31/%y 7%) * ~* = 23 , I ax 3a o LU 2 Wl Jp la) = a> kX f Wil ge he kot wt) o wt on yor 7 o ow Ba — J '* & oe are b ‘ on Aye Dee qx sa i t wo + x? § oF bee 223y Hf Hr yy, - @ [sagen tof cee +t (tame a = Oo — Ww wm fay oo Ja lage Hx + 8 f loge he « [een -(S4] Lee [eed + 2 LT wuge-%7 a a4 ty aes! hb t iL aS: O0= qe+Ge +4Ge % ¢ 24 wy t but (ogz- 2)-