SCHOOL OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND PUBLIC SAFETY

POLICE ETHICS WITH POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION (R5-PCR) WITH INTER-AGENCY-APPROACH

COMPILED AND EDITED BY: MARK P. CIANO, MSCRIM

A. INTRODUCTION TO POLICE EHTICS

To educate a man in a mind, but not in morals you are educating a menace to a society
It’s a privilege to be a police officer but it is also moral and ethical requirements for officers to be a leaders.
A person who values its privileges above its principles soon loses both.
ADOPTED CLICHÉ
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND POLICE ETHICAL STANDARD
Professional conduct and ethical standards and a high degree of honesty are more essential for officers and members of
Philippines National Police than for any member of the society. This is so, because they are entrusted with the enforcement of the rules,
regulations and ordinances created by City/Municipality and the laws of the land created by the Congress that guide the conduct of society.
A policemen’s violation or infraction thereof, or his failure to enforce it, dishonor the law and the authority he represents.
All members of PNP shall abide and adhere to the provisions of code of Professional conduct and Ethical Standards. Toward this
end, truly professionalized and dedicated laws enforcers shall be develop in promoting peace and order, ensuring public safety and
enhancing community participation guided by the principle that all public servants must all times be accountable to the people.
They shall serve with utmost responsibility, integrity, morality and efficiency with due respects to human right and signify as
hallmarks of a democratic society. They shall at all times bear faithful allegiances to the legitimate government, support and uphold the
constitution, respect the duly constituted authority and be loyal to the service.
OPENING STATEMENT:
REEMPHASIS: In every organization, agencies, department, and company or in any sphere of influence for example in police
organization, departments or units’ ethics and characters are matters and necessary. As a matter fact, it is the solid integral parts that hold and
shape any organization or even nation. Take not that, ethics is the same as character, ethics is character. Therefore, both ethics and character
are no dissimilarities. But the inquiry or question is where is the original source of ethics and character that perceive to be as the true concepts.
Why we need ethics and character? Why ethics and character is necessary and matters in every aspects of our life? What can ethics can do in
every sphere of influence?
All of these inquiries we’ll address it as we proceed in our interaction and discussion. We will tackle and discourse it the original source
base on the true concepts. Again, when we say concepts it is the original ideas or thoughts of the King. When a King speaks His words become
laws. Why because a king is a government. Why a king is a government, because he embodiment his government. He is the law, law giver and
the judge. Likewise, he is the executive, legislator and the judiciary. You cannot make a king as a king; he is born a king. That’s why a president or
prime minister, governor or mayor is not a king, they are not born as a president they are only voted. A king cannot vote into power and cannot be
oust from his throne. Why because a king is born as a king. Moreover, a king must have a territory or domain to influence impact and dominate.
This led to the concept principles that a king is automatically lord. Lord is not a religious term; it is a political and governmental term which means
owner, royal crown. If a king is the lord this implies that a king owns everything. Called it crown land or royalty. That’s why it stated in our Kingdom
Constitution (the Bible) the earth is the lord, and everything that dwells therein. In other words, even the citizens the king owns it. This is the
reason why the King chooses the kingdom concepts as a form of government because of its implication of lordship. The kings own everything
because he created everything. A king is not a king if his domain or territory is not created by himself. Therefore, a king is a king because he
created his own domain or territory that’s why he is the lord. Why because he created earth in order to be his colony. In other words, if a kingdom
has no colony it is not a kingdom at all it is either democracy or republic. Remember this, only kingdom colonies and expand their territory. From
its root words, King-domain or territory. Note that kingdom is not a religion; it is not a Christianity or religious Christianity or charchianity as well.
Christianity is a religion. All religions are the same. Kingdom is a country from a foreign country to a distant territory headed and rule by the
sovereign king.

SLIGHT PRESENTATION OF THE GRAND ORIGINAL DESIGN OF THE KING TO EARTH AND MAN:
God original purpose and plan was to extend His heavenly Kingdom to the earth-to bring His invisible supernatural rule into the visible
natural domain. It was for this reason that He created mankind-male and female-in His own image and likeness and clothed them in physical
bodies of flesh and blood and bone made from the same stuff as the earth itself, that they might exercise dominion over the earth just as He did in
Heaven. They were to be His vice-regents, ruling in His name and under His authority. He wants to rule the scene from the unseen through the
invisible Spirit from the unseen live inside the body (physical flesh) for the seen scene called earth. Purposely, to make and manifest the invisible
be visible for the visible. To become the unseen be seen for the scene. What is in the invisible is also the same and manifest on the visible scene.
Furthermore, for this purpose, the unseen will manifest in the seen scene (earth). In other words, God wants to colonies earth with the Kingdom of
Heaven through man. He wants to extent His invisible Kingdom to the visible physical earth. This is the concept of the Kingdom of Heaven on
Earth.
KING’S ORIGINAL PLAN:
The original purpose of God is to rule the seen world through the unseen world (Kingdom Government) through the unseen man (Spirit)
living in the seen (physical) body on the seen scene called earth.

BRIEFLY, colonization is a process whereby a government or ruler determines to extent His Kingdom, rulership, or influence to
additional territory with the purpose of impacting the territory with His will, and desires. The principle of colonization is understood in the process of
transforming an extended territory to be just like the center of government from which it extended; that is, to manifest the nature and will of the
ruler in the lifestyle, actions, activities, and culture of the territory. In other words, when a Kingdom extents His rulership to a distant territory and
turns it just like the Kingdom, it becomes their colony. In short, the purpose of colonization is to make that territory (colony) just like the Kingdom.
In simple connotation, to make earth just like Heaven or let’s say earth is the visible Heaven. For further simple implication, in other words, we are
here on this planet earth, to make visible, to manifest or reflects what is Heaven looks like. It is not about escapism, fly away and/ or going to
heaven, it is all about Dominion. In essence, we are walking Heaven with two legs. We are ambassador representing a country not a religious
Christianity or churchianity. That’s why it stated in our Kingdom Constitution that the Kingdom of God is not about merely observation and
watching of your surrounding or environment and asking yourself or wandering where is the Kingdom of God. Rather, the Kingdom of God with
you and within you because the Governor is in you. This is the mind of God, the Father, the King. It is a practical Kingdom with laws not a
theoretical kingdom. That’s why a Kingdom is the governing influence of a King over His territory impacting it with His will, power, principles, laws,
values, and morals producing a Community of Citizens reflecting the Culture and lifestyle of the King. A Kingdom is a territory ruled by the King
where everything is provided by the King. The preceding claims are underpinned by our Kingdom constitution itself to mention some, in Genesis

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM 1

1:26; Isaiah 9:6 to 7; Mathew 6:9 to 10; and so on. As a matter of fact, the entire Kingdom Constitution, the original Constitution, the Bible is only
talks about the Kingdom of Heaven on Earth.
This implies that a Kingdom is not a religion. It is a country, nation rule by the sovereign King to a distant colony impacting that
extended territory with His will, plans, motivation, laws, principles, culture and morals which reflects in the lifestyle of the Kings’ citizen. It is a real
country or nation not a fairy tale stories about religion which to manipulate and control individuals. It is a Government, Government means order; it
is the only and the original source of peace, order and justice. In essence, the Government is the order, peace and justice itself. Ever since the
creation, Ancient of Days, the center of power and authority on this planet Earth is the Government of the Kingdom of God, no other external or
internal separate or included entities which foreign to the Kingdom of God. Ancient of Days means it is the Source which came from nothing out of
nowhere. What do I mean is before everything was there was God, and everything is in God in Him alone. He was preexisted before everything
was made and manifested. That’s why He is the Alpha and Omega no beginning and no ending. This proved that, Source means Abba Father, the
King, and the Creator - vice versa. Pertinently, this is the promised of God the King, the Abba Father, the Source or the Creator to Moses when
He decided to extricate them from Egypt to the Promised Land. It is a promised of a Nation not a religion.

FURTHERMORE, it is certainly, and vehemently believes nowadays that religion is the reason why youth are out of order. All of these
are the results of the indoctrination of religion in the past on us. Consequently, conflicts, division, confusion, chaos and even wars are being
continues to experience among nation and fellow human beings until this present time. That’s why, nowadays, or from this point forward,
paradigm shift is necessary or is a must. Paradigm shift means going back or returning to our original state set of mentality. In fact, this command
is ever since designedly and purposely initiated by the King Himself during His days. He keeps reiterating and explaining even in some of His
parable which conveys an implication to the mind of man. As His prerequisite of His premeditated programed plan in returning back what man’s
lost which is His Kingdom. In which is always was theirs inheritance since the creation and foundation of the world. Personally speaking, it is this
motivation for me or purpose in designed to keep on seeking the Kingdom of God and His righteousness. We will not allow again oppression
repeat its cycle. Otherwise, we will repeat the cycle of our history. Until ignorance is not address, oppression, frustration, experimentation and
artificial growth is being continued to experience. REMEMBER THIS: There are no such things as born ignorance students or person. Ignorance
doesn’t mean you do not know and learn, rather, it is the state of not being informed by not included and incorporated in your learning process or
educational development. This led to the principles go like this “If a blind (ignorance) led the blinds (ignorance) both of them fall into the same
ditch. What a tragedy.
WHAT IS THE CONNECTION OR RELATIONSHIP WHY I SLIGHTLY PRESENTED AND DISCUSSED TO YOU THE GRAND ORIGINAL DESIGN PLAN OF
THE KING FOR EARTH AND MAN? As discussed and presented earlier its reason, because the words of the Kings is a law and principles. And this
where begins the original source of ethics and character. This is where commence our discussion and interaction. Do not think that I am a
religious person or Christian person; I’m not a religious person. I’ m a legal person with rights and privileges. As a matter of fact, we have no rights
to be in religion or Christianity. Christianity is a religion it is not a Kingdom. A king is not a Christian a King is a ruler. A governmental and political
King but He is opposite and unique to a president or prime minister. When we say unique He is the original, the ancient of days. Ancient of day
means the original truth of source as the foundation. This is the reason why the bible is not a religious book or Christian book. It is a kingdom
constitution; it’s about a king, a kingdom and his royal family (citizens). It is also about colonization and recolonization programs. Nowhere in our
Kingdom constitution which is our original constitution that we called ourselves as a Christian or religious Christian, rather sons, citizens and
ambassadors. You cannot become a member of a country, in religion focuses on membership. In kingdom you are citizens. Note this is just only
slight presentation of the original plan of the King to earth and man.
CONCEPTS OF LAW AS THE ORIGINAL SOURCE OF ETHICS MORAL STANDARDS AND CHARACTER:
THE KING’S WORDS OF LAW
(Job. 38:1-5, 33). Laws are built into creation. And laws always carry consequences for violation. The Creator doesn’t have to
judge us; the law carries its own built-in “judgment.” (Ex. 24:3-4).
SIMPLE DEFINITION OF PRECEPT – CONCEPT:
Precept is the original intent, will, and purpose. If precept perceive by mind it’s now concepts. And if the concepts pictures by mind it is
an idea. And if ideas are express it is words.
PRECEPT – Is a grammatical construct that incorporates the prefix pre –which means before and the word stem, cept – which means or implies
thought. Therefore, PRECEPTS – Is an original idea. When a precept is perceive it is a concept.
CONCEPTS – Is a picture of the idea. When concepts are communicated it is word. In essence, concept precedes the context.
THEREFORE - PRECEPT + CONCEPT + IDEAS = WORD.
THAT’S WHY: The key to successful communication is having the same meaning of concepts before we start to talk.

THE MEANING OF LAW

What exactly is “law”? The most basic Hebrew word for “law” is torah, which also means, in addition to “law,” direction and
instruction. God’s laws have personal application with national ramifications.
1. Law – Torah – Ten Commandments
2. Nomos - “To divide out, distribute” and also “that which is assigned.” “Usage” and “custom” and, eventually, “law as prescribed by
custom, or by statute.” In English norm or decreed.
3. Ethos – Custom – These are unwritten laws.
There was no written law in the Garden of Eden, no written law for Abraham, no written law at all for God’s covenant people until
the days of Moses. The King of Heaven’s intention was to write His laws on our hearts and in our minds so that no one would have to
teach us. It was humanity’s rebellion and separation from God that made written law necessary (Jer. 31:33).
4. LAW – The original Precepts, Principles, standards and inherent regulations established by the Creator. A general rule, standard or understood
customary practice that is held to being binding. Also Original, inherit principles and regulations established by the creator King both natural and
supernatural, both physical and spiritual. Lastly, it is the instructions and patterns of behavior given to establish a moral code that sets the
standard for civil and social conduct. NOTE: LAW – The original precepts, Principles, standards and inherent regulations established by the
Creator. Thus, law is the inherent principles that regulate nature of life and relationships in the King’s Creation both natural and super-
natural, both physical and Spiritual to guarantee maximum fulfillment of the purpose and potential of life.

5. CONCEPT OF LAW - The culmination or coming together of a Kings Thoughts & Ideas, expressed in the format of moral code instructions.
These instructions set the standard for civil and social conduct after the desires of the King for his citizens.
6. LETTER OF THE LAW - The written text of the law.
7. THE SPIRIT OF THE LAW - The original intent, motivation and purpose of a law that reflects the desires of the initiator of that particular law.
8. RULE OF LAW - Implies that every citizen is subject to the authority and influence of general law established to protect a civil society.
9. COMMANDMENT - Spoken and declared law
10. DECREE – Established and written law by the King.
11. TRADITIONS - Conscious or unconscious customs and practices.
12. LEGAL - To be LAW-FUL or allowed by accepted law.
13. LEGALISM - The imposition and adherence to law and standards.
14. RIGHTEOUSNESS - Right positioning, standing or alignment to a position in relation to Authority and Law. It is not a religious term, but a
governmental or political term.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 2 OF 37

15. PRECEPTS - “Mitswah”; terms of the particular covenant God made with Israel; clear-cut directives which were declared.

UNDERSTANDING THE PRIORITY OF LAW

1. The most important knowledge is LAW/PRINCIPLES. Laws are inclined with norms. Norms means normal. And normal is the concepts of being
natural. Thus, laws are natural. That’s why the purpose of human laws is to promote what is natural.
2. The most powerful force on the earth is LAW. A law has a universal acceptance. ORIGINAL PRINCIPLES:
3. Law is inherent in creation PRINCIPLES: 1. First Law 6. Creation Law
4. Law is necessary in creation 2. Original Rule
5. Law is essential to life. 3. Foundation law
6. The key to success in life is LAW. 4. Inherent laws
7. Absence of Law is the beginning of destruction. 5. Natural laws

THE SOURCE OF TO ORDER

1. The key to life is order 4. There is nothing more important to life than law.
2. The source of order is law 5. Laws protect, sustain, preserve, guard and promote life.
3. The ultimate law of life is LAW 6. Without law there is no definition in life.
THEREFORE: All nations are built on law and are sustained by law. They are not built on culture and religion. The quality of lie in a
nation is determined by law. National life is protected by law. Henceforth, every problem is a result of a violation of law. Furthermore, the absence
of law is disorder.

CHALLENGING LAWS - Humans are the only created being that willfully, intentionally violate natural and physical laws.

THE LAW OF NATIONS:

1. The foundation of all true nations is law. 4. National life is protected by law.
2. Nations are built on law and are sustained by law. 5. All societies must adhere by law.
3. The quality of life in a nation is determined by law. 6. Community is produce and created by law.
LAW-THE PRIORITY OF THE KING
1. The first thing the Creator the King gives to Moses for nation building is Law. 4. Laws produce culture.
2. Laws establish values. 5. Whoever makes the laws create the culture.
3. TRADITIONAL VALUES – Laws that we trade to generation.

SEVEN (7) PRINCIPLES OF LAW

The Highest form of Law is the Divine Law. The human law is not a real law it is a rule created by man to restrict you. The Divine
Law cannot be subject to rules; rather, Divine Law preserves and protects all people of the earth. Thus, the purpose of written law or
human law is to return the human conscience into natural law.
1. All creation was designed to function by inherent principles. Inherent means “built-in”; existent from the beginning.
2. These principles are called “natural law.” Natural law has to do with laws concerning the nature of a thing. For example, birds do not
have to be taught to fly; that ability is inherent in them as a natural law. In the same way, fish are not taught to swim; they possess
swimming ability as an inherent law. The same principle applies to plants when they produce seeds that reproduce new plants that are just
like the original.
THEREFORE: Laws (written laws) are designed to promote what is natural.
3. Natural law is the standard for effective function of everything that God has created. If birds follow the law of nature, they live and
reproduce. If plants follow the laws of nature, they grow and produce fruit. God built these laws into nature, and as long as plants and
animals follow those laws, they prosper and flourish.
4. Laws are the key to successful existence and a guarantee of fulfillment of purpose. Obedience to laws promotes prosperity and ensures
success.
5. Laws protect purpose. When we obey laws, we protect the purpose for which we were born (Deut. 6:5), (Lev. 19:18), (Rm. 13:10).
6. The purpose for law is to protect the constitutional covenant. Laws exist to make sure that the provisions of the constitution are carried
out consistently, equitably, and without prejudice for all citizens (Heb. 6:13-15, 17).
7. Laws are the conditions of covenant. They are the terms under which, if followed, the covenant will operate.

NATURAL LAW VERSUS WRITTEN LAW

The Creator intended law to be natural.
1. Written law is necessary only when natural law is absent. If we human beings were all law-abiding by nature, there would be no need for
written law. But as we saw above, our rebellion against God destroyed the rule of natural law in our lives and made written law (as well as
human government) necessary to protect society and restrain evil.
2. The purpose for written law is to restore natural law to the conscience. Because of our rebellion against God, we lost our instinctive
knowledge and understanding of natural law. Our consciences became corrupt and our likeness to our Maker became tarnished and
distorted.
3. Natural law is sometimes referred to as the “spirit of the law.” This reflects God’s desire for His laws, the standards of His Kingdom, to
become the norms of our society. Remember, earth is a colony of Heaven, and the laws of the King of heaven should apply here as much
as they do there. Laws produce society because they determine social relationships.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE LAW AND THE SPIRIT OF THE LAW

1. SPIRIT OF THE LAW - Refers to original intent—the purpose that was in the mind of the Lawmaker in the beginning. Therefore, the
spirit of the law is the inherent essence of the original purpose and intent of that law. As such, the spirit of the law is always higher and
broader than the letter of the law. For this reason, the greatest form of law is unwritten law. Unwritten law is a product of the spirit of the
law. When law has to be written, it is because the people are disobedient. Written law is a sign that the people have lost sight of the spirit
of the law—the original intent. So where the spirit of the law is, there is no need for written law. Laws mirror the condition of the nation.
Important for we who are Kingdom citizens to regain our understanding of the “spirit of the law”—natural law. Natural law is the
fundamental operating principle of the Kingdom of Heaven.

REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING PRINCIPLES

1. Every kingdom is governed by laws. No governments without law, government are built, operate and function with law.
2. The Bible (Kingdom Constitution or Original Constitution) is the law book of the Kingdom of Heaven.
3. The Kingdom of heaven has laws to protect it and assure that it operates according to God’s intent.
4. Laws are built into creation.
5. Whatever becomes accepted as a norm in our society eventually becomes a law of our society.
6. God’s laws are designed to prevent us from accepting and normalizing evil and assigning it the force of law in our society.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 3 OF 37
7. God’s laws have personal application with national ramifications.
8. Written law is necessary only when natural law is absent.
9. The purpose for written law is to restore natural law to the conscience.
10. Natural law is sometimes referred to as the “spirit of the law.”
11. Laws produce society because they determine social relationships.
12. The spirit of the law is the inherent essence of the original purpose and intent of that law.
13. Any nation is only as good as the laws it enacts.
14. Natural law is the fundamental operating principle of the Kingdom of Heaven.
15. Law is design to set us free from anarchy.

THUS: THE POWER OF LAW IN POLICE SERVICE:

1. The foundation of ethics is law. 5. Written and spoken law feeds the conscience.
2. Law is the source of culture. 6. Conscience is unspoken law.
3. Law is the source of morality. 7. Law is the source of values.
4. All law produces moral implications. 8. Law establishes values

THE PRIORITY OF LAW IN THE PREFERENCE OF PUBLIC SERVANT: (AS A COMMAND)

1. The most important knowledge in life is LAW. 5. Law is essential to life.
2. The most powerful force on earth is LAW. 6. The key to success in life is LAW.
3. Law is inherent in creation. 7. Absence of Law is the beginning of destruction.
4. Law is necessary in creation. 8. God created life to function by LAW.
In essence, absence pf laws guarantee destruction. Laws are inherent in one’s life. Knowledge breeds boldness or confidence
and ignorance produce guessing. We are govern, operated and functioning by laws not our feelings and emotions. Laws have no feelings
and emotions. Laws has no respect to a man, rather man must respect the law. It is not the law to be adjusted, just to accommodate the
desire of a human being, but the man must obey the laws. Knowledge breeds confidence. Ignorance produces guessing.
Take note: we are intimidated on what we don’t know.

THE LAW OF WISDOM FOR TRUE PUBLIC SERVANT

1. Knowledge of laws and principles are the source of wisdom. (Wise-dominion – application)
2. Knowledge of laws and principles produce boldness or confidence.
3. Wisdom is laws and principles applied.
4. Laws and principles are more important than power.
To make sense, knowledge is the information that you acquire and learn as a process. Comprehension is the understanding the
knowledge which is the information that you acquire and learn. And wisdom is the right wise application of what you comprehend or
understand which comes from the knowledge or information that you accumulate and learn. The result is wise-dominion. This means your
right environment of your purpose.

IN SUMMARY:
1. Wherever there is no vision, there is often fighting, gossiping, murmuring, and backbiting.
2. Wisdom is Supreme, therefore get wisdom. Through it cost all you have, get understanding. Prov. 4:7
3. KNOWLEDGE – The accumulation of information.
4. WISDOM – The correct application of the accumulation of information. Knowledge knows the early bird gets the worm. Wisdom
understands that it’s the second mouse that gets the cheese. Thus, Wisdom is applied laws and principles.

SOME DEFINITION OF TERMS RELATED TO POLICES ETHICS

1. APOLOGIZING – Doesn’t mean you’re right or wrong it just means you value your relationship more than your ego.
2. LEGACY - Is about living beyond your grave it’s about producing people who will become greater than you.
3. BE PATIENT – Waiting is the disagreement with the time frame you picked and the picture in your head.
4. QUIETNESS - Means that you are calm in any storm and nobody understands why. Quietness means that you are in a position of total
control in the middle of a crisis because you know the government of Heaven is above every earthly government. Quietness means you
don’t start talking loudly when everybody else does. People get all hyper, concerned, and frustrated while you remain calm. Why? You’re
not under their government.
4. PEACE in this sense - Means the absence of frustration and worry. Peace will produce the corollary effect of quietness, or calm
disposition, even in trouble. Also produces confidence—total trust and faith in the care, provision, and protection of God’s government.
5. DESPOT – Came into English in the sixteenth century from old French, but it traces all the way back to the Greek word despotes which
means – Master of a household, lord, absolute ruler. The word is often used to describe someone who abuses power and oppresses
others.
6. UNITY- Doesn’t means sameness. Unity means we have only one common goal, but difference function or purpose. It means Oneness.
7. DISCIPLINE – Means it is the total submission of one’s self to the rule of law rather than desire or feeling. In other words, discipline
teaches us to operate and function by principle rather than our own desire.
8. TRAINING – Is a form of self-discipline to free us from our own desire, feeling and to reintroduce us to the principles. Training is not to
punish or torture individuals, rather to make, harness and boost our self-confidence, self-esteem, self-value and self-concept and become
highly professional, responsible, accountable, competitive and credible to our self and to our service as a public servant.

PURPOSE OF TRAINING
1. Is to reintroduce yourself to yourself.
2. To meet yourself with yourself.
3. To become yourself – This means that to rediscover yourself.
4. To reintroduce your brain to your mind.
5. To in sync or yield your body into your soul as one. Meaning, you must free yourself with your body and submitted it into your soul.
6. To free yourself from your feeling or your own desire and be in sync with the principles. In other words, your feeling and your emotion
must not dictate you on what you want to do; rather the principles dictate your feeling and emotion. In short, your feeling or your emotion
must be yield to to the principles.
7. Ultimately, the purpose of training is to rebuild, and reestablish your loyalty, integrity, values, credibility, morality, ethics and mostly your
character. This shows of an acknowledgement, maturity, and submission to the authority as a public servant. This is the so called from
civilian mentality to public servant mentality.

THREE (3) TYPES OF INTELLIGENCE THAT PUBLIC SERVANT MUST TO KNOW:

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 4 OF 37

1. INTELLIGENCE QUOTIENT (IQ) – This is the measure of your comprehension, ability to solve math problems, retain information and
recall subject matters.
2. EMOTIONAL QUOTIENT (EQ) – This is the measure of your ability to maintain or be at peace with others; be responsible; be honest;
respect boundaries; be humble; genuine and considerate.
3. SOCIAL QOUTIENT (SQ) – This is the measure of your ability to build a network of friends and maintain it over a long period of time.

NOW THERE IS 4th ONE: A NEW PARADIGM

4. THE ADVERSITY QUOTIENT (AQ) – The measure of your ability to go through a rough patch in life and come out without quitting life’s
journey.

5. LAST BUT NOT LEAST, SPIRITUAL QUOTIENT (SQ) – Herein you can find your indefinite quotient.

REMEMBER THIS: People who have higher EQ and SQ tend to be do better in life than those with high IQ but low EQ and SQ.
Most schools capitalize in improving IQ level while EQ and SQ are played down. A man of high IQ can end up being employed by a man of
high EQ and SQ even though the latter has an average IQ. Your EQ represents your character; Your SQ represents your CHARSIMA. EQ
and SQ make one COPE and manage than the other.

TO PARENTS, Expose children to other areas of LIFE MORE THAN ACADEMICS. Develop their EQ, SQ and AQ. They should
become MULTIFACETED human beings who are able to do things independently of the parents.
FINALLY, DO NOT PREPARES THE ROAD FOR YOUR CHILDREN… rather, PREPARE YOUR CHILDREN FOR THE ROAD.

IN SHORT SUMMARY:
Therefore, mental, emotional, physical and Spiritual are encompasses intelligence. Mental and emotional make the most noise.
The most powerful is our Spiritual intelligence. It said to that we access in our stillness. Block out the noise, and find your Spiritual power in
your STILLNESS (mediation). These things are domains of learning included in cognitive, effective and psychomotor domains, which is
required to perform day to day activities effectively and efficiently. Spirituality is more related with moral, ethics, values and character
developments of peoples that inherited and learned from lifetime experiences and religious doctrines.

DEFINITION OF ETHICS
As a field of study, Ethics is a branch of philosophy which studies the principles of right or wrong in human conduct. Right or
wrong are qualities assigned to actions, conduct and behavior. It comes from the Latin word “ETHOS” which means CUSTOMARY,
BEHAVIOR OR MORAL. The two words Latin- “ETHICUS” and Greek “ETHIKOS have the same meaning which is CUSTOMARY. Other
definitions include: the science of the morality of man; study of human motivation and ultimately of human rational behavior.

1. PRINCIPLE – From the word prince means first law. It is Innate, inherent and built-in in creation.
2. LAW – Are established principles. It is also the original Precepts, principles, standards and inherent regulation established by the
Creator.
3. COMMANDMENT – It is spoken or declared law.
4. DECREE – Are established laws by the King, written laws.
5. INSTRUCTIONS – It is the repeated law that established laws.
6. TRADITIONS - Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the effect of an
unwritten law. A tradition is your experience in obeying the laws. It is the conscious or unconscious customs from law. In short, do not
transfer traditions, but the laws.
7. CUSTOMARY – Commonly practiced, used, and or observed which from traditions.
CUSTOM – An action or way of behaving that is usual and traditional among the people in a particular group or place; something that is
done regularly by a person. Established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the force of law.
8. JUDGEMENT – Is the enforcement when laws are violated.
9. COMMUNICATION – Is the ability to ensure that people understand not only what you say but also what you mean.
10. TRUTH – Is the original information. Truth is never new, it can only be discovered. A new shoe, is an old cow. It is not necessarily to
defend the truth, the truth defend itself.
11. Community – Is a commune of people unified dedicated to a common set of laws, values, morals, standards and social norms
producing a distinct culture. Common-unity. To make sense, community is a product of law.

WHY WE KEEP LAW:

QUESTIONS: 1.Do we pay taxes and customs duties to become citizens?
2. Do we stop at red lights to become citizens?
3. Do we not steal to become citizens?
4. Do we not murder to become citizens?
5. Do we keep law to become a citizen?
ANSWER: No! We keep law because we are citizens. Law is not rituals.
The stronger a nation’s value, the less rules it needs. The more laws it creates is a sign that it is disintegrating morally.

FULL DEFINITION OF CUSTOM

1. A. A usage or practice common to many or to a particular place or class or habitual with an individual.
b. Long-established practice considered as unwritten law.
c. Repeated practice
d. The whole body of usages, practices, or conventions that regulates social life.
2. A. (Plural) Duties, tolls, or imposts imposed by the sovereign law of a country on imports or exports
b. (Singular) The agency, establishment, or procedure for collecting such customs (Webster dictionary).

ETHICS DEFINED - Ethics is a system of moral principles or moral standards governing conduct. It is a particular system of
principles and rules concerning duty; it is a system of rules and practice applied to a single class of human actions.
The study and philosophy of human conduct, with emphasis on the determination of right and wrong. Also known as the
standard of character set up by any race or nation.

The judgment we make relating to societal principles of right and wrong behavior. The duties of police officer under the Code of
Ethics deal primarily with principles or rules about what is “right from what is wrong”.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 5 OF 37

 DISTINCTION BETWEEN ETHICS FROM MORAL
ETHICS AND MORALS DISTINGUISHED – while both the term ethics and morals refer to that type of behavior which tends to
become customary because of the approval or practices of the group and are thus essentially synonymous, ethics ordinarily suggests the
study of moral conduct or the principles underlying the desirable types of human conduct; on the other hand, morals ordinarily refers to the
human conduct itself. Ethics will guide a person’s judgment concerning the morality of human acts whereas; moral is the application of
ethics.

PROFESSIONAL ETHICS - is the branch of moral science treats of the obligations, which a member of a profession owes to the
public, to his profession, to his brethren, and to his clients.

CONCEPT OF ETHICS AND VALUES FOR POLICE OFFICER

1. ETHICS – The science of the morality of human acts and rational human behavior.
2. VALUES – Qualitatively determined behavior which has a normative obligatory character and presupposes the liberty of possible
decision. A principle or quality that is intrinsically desirable. These are the priorities that an individual gives to the elements in his life and
career based on his ethics, morality and integrity.
DEFINITION OF VALUES – A person’s principles or standards of behavior, one’s judgement of what is important in life.
CASE IN POINT: ARE THE THINGS YOU VALUE or worth. If you value your service, you will not commit and break your oath of office as a
public servant.
SOME VALUES PRINCIPLES:
1. Values are belief or a conviction 5. Values regulate and motivate personal and corporate action and conduct.
2. Values are standards or ideas that regulate principles and conducts. 6. Without values leadership is Destiny without discipline.
3. Values are personal philosophy. 7. Vision protected and interpreted through values. It’s the original way to
4. Values produce ethics, Morals standards and values that effects behavior show one’s vision
THEREFORE: Values and character equals behavior, and behavior manifests your attitude.

THE POWER OF VALUES IN LEADERSHIP CHARACTER:

1. Values are better than rules 8. Values shape an organization and nation
2. Values are more important than rules. 9. Values are personal but never private
3. Values outlive goals. 10. Values become a culture.
4. Values send a message. 11. Values must be shared.
5. Values must be identified. 12. Values attract like values
6. Values must be accepted. 13. Values become the social norm.
7. Values must be believed. 14. Values can create or destroy.

3. MORALS – pertaining to character and behavior from the point of view of right and wrong.
4. MORALIST - is a person who values or follows good conduct, even in the absence of religion.

IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS AND MORALITY IN POLICE SERVICE

1. INDISPENSABLE KNOWLEDGE - Moral integrity is the only true measure of what man ought to be. The most successful
professional, is nothing unless he/she is morally upright.
2. Without moral perception, man is only an animal. Morality is the foundation of every human society. Without civic morality, communities
perish; without personal morality, their survival has no value.
3. Without morality, man as rational being is a failure. When the moral foundations of a nation are threatened, society itself is threatened.

EXAMPLES OF PROFESSIONAL ETHICS

1. Legal Ethics
2. Medical Ethics
3. Nursing Ethics
4. Police Ethics

THREE (3) GENERAL WHY WE STUDY ETHICS?

1. Decisions (wrong ways and right ways of doing things)
2. To have an orderly social life.
3. To value life.

ROLES AND REASON OF STUDYING ETHICS AND MORALITY IN POLICE SERVICE

1. Ethics Law Study of human motivation.
2. Concerned with what we do not what we feel.
3. Study of external actions.
4. It explores thoughts and feelings.
5. Concerned with the externality of the act.
6. Requires that man desires that of which good and act in accordance with that desire.
7. Requires that we perform the required action regardless of our feelings towards such action.
8. Addresses all human activities.
9. Applies to behaviors that lawmakers choose to regulate.
10. Seek to change people from the inside outward.
11. Attempt to change people from outside inward Ethical principles are constant, universal and everlasting.
12. Laws are frequently changing.
13. Solidly based on the reasoning process essential to appropriate discretion.
14. Logical instruments of social control that, for the most part, and not necessarily products of wisdom.
15. Prescriptive in nature.
16. Basically reactive instrument.
17. Dependent upon knowledge, rationality and goodwill.
18. Dependent for their effectiveness upon legal procedures and complex rules of evidence.
Therefore, what is legal is not necessarily moral, but what is moral is worth legalizing.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 6 OF 37

ETHICS AND ACTION: WHY BEHAVE? (AN ETHICAL BASIS: RULES, RESULTS AND RELATIONSHIPS)
Our ethics comes from our religion, family background, culture and other sources. In many countries, we cannot assume that all
public servants share the same beliefs or background. That diversity is even more apparent when we consider regional and global
cooperation.
What should guide our behavior as public servants? It is helpful to look at three sources of ethics. These are not normally in
conflict – all three needs to be taken together. They may be summarized as RULES, RESULTS AND RELATIONSHIPS.
A. RULES - We accept rules for our personal behavior because we believe them to be given by divine revelation, or because we
believe them as necessary parts of a social contract to protect and further human welfare. The philosopher Kant argued that there is a
“universal law”, which he saw as a categorical imperative – an essential requirement with which we must all comply. The authority of laws
enacted by a government depends on our recognition of its right to govern. People who choose a career in the public service may have no
difficulty with that.

B. RESULTS - The utilitarian principle focuses our attention on the consequences of our action. It has been expressed traditionally as
“seeking the greatest good for the greatest number”. That is difficult to “operationalize”: imagine the public officers trying to estimate for
their decisions as public servants what would bring the greatest good to the greatest number, and arguing about what would be the
greatest good. However, in practice they seek to avoid causing hurt.
Very often we judge actions as right or wrong because of the results they may be expected to bring. That has always been
recognized as true at the personal level, with a requirement that our freedom must be limited to ensure we cause no harm to others. In
doing so, there is a danger that we look at short-term effects rather than the longer term. There is also a danger that we focus on avoiding
harm more than in doing good deeds and improving the quality of life for others. More recently there has been increasing concern about
ways in which their corporate policies and actions impact on the environment. However, some argue that the utilitarian principle alone
would be a dangerous guide for behavior because it allows the means to justify the ends. “Someone who is not prepared under any
circumstances at all to sacrifice the innocent, or to plan murder, is not a utilitarian at all”. They may not be utilitarian, but that does not
prevent them from taking a utilitarian approach to the utilitarian ethic, using it when they judge actions by their consequences.

C. RELATIONSHIPS – Confucius proposed a “golden rule” of caring: “Do not do to others what you would not have them do to you”.
He spoke of a principle of reciprocity. For Confucius care and kindness were primary virtues, especially care for one’s family. (This led to
an interesting warning that too much emphasis on virtue would make officials corrupt because they would favor their families. As officials,
it was necessary for them to be impartial). Jesus Christ expressed the “golden rule” as “In everything, do to others as you would have
them do to you, and claimed that this fulfilled the law and the prophets, seeing a concern for others and reciprocity as being in accord with
rules and revelation.

KINDS OF HUMAN ACTS

1. ELICITED ACT – It is performed by the will and are not bodily externalized. It includes:
A. WISH – Is the tendency of the will toward something whether this will be realizable or not.
B. INTENTION – Is the tendency of the will towards something attainable but without necessarily committing oneself to attain it.
C. CONSENT – Is the acceptance of the will of those effective to carry out the intention.
D. ELECTION – Is the selection of the will of those effective enough to carry out the intention.
E. USE – Is the command of the will to make use of those means elected to carry out the intention.
F. FRUITION – Is the enjoyment of the will derived from the attainment of the thing he had desired earlier.
2. COMMANDED ACTS – Are those done either by mean mental of bodily powers under the command of the will. These acts are:
A. INTERNAL ACTIONS (e.g. conscious reasoning etc.)
B. EXTERNAL ACTIONS (e.g. walking etc.)
C. COMBINATIONS OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL ACTIONS (e.g. driving etc.) Dictates of Reason – stands for the
norm of morality which is the standard by which actions are judged as to their merits or demerits.

CLASSIFICATION OF ACTIONS ACCORDING TO THE NORM OF MORALITY

1. MORAL ACTIONS – Actions which are conformity with the norm of morality.
2. IMMORAL ACTIONS – Actions which are not inconformity with the norm of morality.
3. AMORAL ACTIONS – Actions which stands neutral in relation to the norm of morality.
VOLUNTARINESS – It refers to the will. It comes from the Latin word “VOLUNTAS” which means WILL. It is the essential elements of
human acts.

CLASSIFICATION OF VOLUNTARINESS
1. PERFECT – Present in a person who fully knows and fully intends an act.
2. IMPERFECT – Present in a person who act without fully realizing what he means to do, or without fully intending the act.
3. CONDITIONAL – Present in a person who is force by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act which he would not do
under normal conditions.
4. SIMPLE – Present in a person doing an act willfully, regardless of whether he likes to do it or not.

MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS

1. IGNORANCE – Absence of knowledge which a person ought to possess.
2. PASSIONS – Tendencies towards desirable objects, or tendencies away from undesirable or harmful things.
3. FEAR – Disturbance of the mind of a person who is confronted by impending danger or harm to himself or loves one.
4. VIOLENCE – Refers to any physical force exerted on a person by another free agent for the purpose of compelling said person to
act against his will.
5. HABITS – Is a lasting readiness and facility, born of frequently repeated acts, for acting in a certain manner.

OBJECTIVELY AND SUBJECTIVELY

1. RIGHTS DUTIES OBJECTIVELY - It is anything which is owed or due. Objectively: it is anything we are obliged to
do or to omit.
2. SUBJECTIVELY - As residing in person, it is a moral bound to be respected by others, of doing, or requiring something.
SUBJECTIVELY: it is a moral obligation incumbent upon person of doing, omitting avoiding something. Defined by law, and should be
respected at all times. Defined by law, any willful neglect of duty makes the person accountable for act.

KINDS OF RIHTS

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 7 OF 37

1. NATURAL RIGHTS – Based on natural laws.
2. HUMAN RIGHTS – Based on human positive laws.
TRUE CONCEPTS: Natural laws are innate, built-in, and inherent in creation. That’s why human rights are natural rights.
3. CIVIL RIGHTS – Dependent upon the law of the state.
4. ECCLESIASTICAL RIGHTS – Dependent on the law of the church or a religious sect.
5. ALIENABLE AND INALIENABLE RIGHTS (alienable – Can be renounced, surrendered or remove; inalienable – cannot be
renounced, surrendered or remove)
6. RIGHT OF JURISDICTION – Power of person in authority to govern his subjects.
7. RIGHT OF PROPERTY – Power to own, to sell, to barter, to lend, to change, or give away one’s personal possessions.
8. JURIDICAL RIGHTS – Refers to all rights insofar as they are based on laws and it must be respected, allowed, fulfilled as a
matter of strict justice.
9. NON-JURIDICAL/MORAL RIGHTS – Founded on laws, either natural or human, but on virtue.

THE OVERARCHING PRINCIPLES OF LOVE AND SERVICE

Love and service go together. Love is the highest law and principle of a leader

PUBLIC SERVANT VALUES

1. THE VALUE OF FAITHFULNESS - Faithfulness is a virtue of character that applies to all aspects of leadership. One aspect of
faithfulness is that your word can be trusted.
2. THE VALUE OF SELF-CONTROL - If you want to be a leader but cannot control your passions, wait a while before accepting a
leadership position. Now, more than ever, we need leaders who will maintain their integrity and will not fall into temptation’s trap and
subsequently into disgrace. Be forewarned that traps will be set to entangle you, now and in the future.
3. THE VALUE OF STEADINESS - Learning self-control enables a leader to fulfill the value of steadiness or temperateness. If you are
steadfast, it means you respond with calmness and gentleness the first time, the second time, and the ninetieth time. You don’t interrupt
people, assume you know what they are going to say, or fly off the handle. You value the worth and dignity of those around you.
4. THE VALUE OF INTEGRITY TOWARD THOSE SERVED - Learning to withstand temptation also helps a leader to uphold the value of
integrity toward those he serves and influences. A leader must have a good reputation in all circles. In essence, a leader develops a
character that is not open to attack or censure because it is above reproach. He strengthens and builds up his community through his
ethical example and his trustworthy contributions. A leader is hospitable. He is generous and open toward those around him and is willing
to work for and with others for their good. He does not pursue his vision only for what he will get out of it but for how it will help his family,
community, and nation.
5. THE VALUE OF RESPONSIBLE COMMUNICATION – A leader is able to teach. This ability to teach will take different forms depending
on one’s field of leadership.
A. First, they study the areas of life related to their visions, learning what they need to carry them out effectively.
B. Second, they seek understanding from the knowledge they collect so they can put it into perspective and gain wisdom in how to apply it.
C. Third, they are able to communicate their knowledge and wisdom to others who are involved in their visions, whether directly or
tangentially, and who need the information and wisdom to fulfill their roles in the visions. All three of these areas are the responsibility of a
leader.
6. THE VALUE OF PERSONAL INTEGRITY - Leaders in all walks of life must demonstrate their commitment to the highest ideals and
principles of the Word of God, never compromising the standards of truth and honesty.
7. THE VALUE OF MATURITY - The value of maturity may be seen in the qualities of responsibleness and humility.

AREAS OF MATURITY
A. RESPONSIBLENESS - Leadership is fostered in the individual who believes that within him lies the potential to face and handle any
task. The price of greatness is responsibility.
B. HUMILITY - A true leader is not only responsible, but he is also humble. One who has worked hard to understand leadership and
become an honorable and mature leader will exhibit the quality of humility. He will be comfortable with himself and be aware of his
strengths without thinking they make him better than others. He will use these strengths for the benefit of others, while being well aware of
his weaknesses and protecting himself from vulnerability. Humility is a hallmark of maturity.
C. RECOVERING FROM MORAL FAILURE - Remember, true character is made in secret and displayed openly.
INTEGRITY- Is the basis of trust, which is not as much an ingredient of leadership as it is a product. It is the one quality that cannot be
acquired but must be earned. It is given by coworkers and followers, and without it, the leader can’t function.
TRUSTWORTHINESS - Is a product of character and competence—who you are and what you do. To become an effective leader, you
must earn the trust of others.
Principles and values are natural components in the successful realization of a leader’s vision. True leadership, therefore, always includes
a personal code of ethics and standards that safeguard the character necessary for the leader to pursue and fulfill his purpose and vision.

PART II: POLICE BEHAVIOR

OVERVIEW
Understanding the behavior of the police is one of the most interesting concerns in policing. As police officer, he/she denotes
authority to enforce the law and the duty to maintain peace and order. The decision made by a police officer has a profound impact on the
lives of those individuals with whom they interact.
POLICE OFFICER – Is a public official with the extraordinary power to make arrest, who performs the direct police services such as
patrol, investigation, traffic control and other public safety services.

STANDARDS OF POLICE BEHAVIOR

1. ETHICAL STANDARDS – It is reflected in the code of conduct and ethical standards for police officers, police creed, vision and
mission, and international laws.
2. ORGANIZATIONAL STANDARDS – Derived from the FOLLOWING:
A. GOAL – A general statement of purpose that is useful in identifying and mission of the police.
B. OBJECTIVES – It is a more specific and measurable statement of purpose that is related to goals.
C. POLICY –Is a general statement that gives guidance to police officers about the proper course of action.
D. PROCEDURE – Identifies a method of series of steps to be taken when performing a task or attempting to solve a problem.
E. RULE/REGULATION – Is a specific statement that identifies required or prohibited behavior by officers.
3. POLITICAL STANDARDS – Come from the expectations of the community concerning what is and is not appropriate police
behavior.
4. LEGAL STANDARDS – Are derived primarily from substantive and procedural criminal laws.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 8 OF 37

 THE SIX (6) MORAL VALUES
1. LOVE OF GOD – Give God what is due Him and develop the moral virtue of religion through adoration, prayer and obedience.
2. RESPECT OF AUTHORITY – Treat freedom with a sense of self determination and personal responsibility, and as a social
being, exercise intelligently obedience.
3. SELFLESS LOVE OF PEOPLE – Respect human life, respect the human body, and learn to give, to give one-self, and to love.
4. TRUTHFULNESS – Never telling what is not true (untruth) because it destroys the foundation of social life which is based on mutual
trust.
5. CHASTITY – Respect the dignity of human sexuality by practicing chastity in marriage through sexual love that is romantic,
procreative, exclusive and lasting, or if unmarried, by having no experience of sexual pleasure.
6. RESPONSIBLE DOMINION OVER MATERIAL THINGS – Should not be dominated by it (detachment) and should share
it with his fellowmen bearing in mind that the material world is limited (scarce).

THE SIX (6) WORK VALUES

1. INDUSTRIOUSNESS – A person wants to, looks for, keeps busy, and strives to work well.
2. SENSE OF RESPONSIBILITY – What a person does is dependent on him and he puts his will and intellect to his job
(creativity/initiative) and is held accountable for it.
3. ORDER (SENSE OF TIME) – Prioritizes the use of time, values his time, “first things first”.
4. COLLABORATION – Fosters teamwork and solidarity for unity.
5. DETERMINATION – A person possesses qualities of perseverance, patience and strength to cope with obstacles, difficulties and
trials.
6. SERVICE – Performing duties or work for another, a person or an institution that brings about benefits and/or results.

CHARACTERISTICS OF A POLICE OFFICER’S JOB

1. THE UNIFORM - It sets the officer apart, and it clearly identifies his or her status as a police officer.
2. THE POWER - The uniformed police officer, with the sidearm, baton, citation book, and other trappings of office, is a walking symbol
of government power.
3. THE WORKING HOURS - Police officers work daily and “off duty” is not a right but a privilege only, they also work weekends,
holidays, and frequently must put in overtime in emergency situations, and for court appearances.
4. THE DANGER - They deal with several issues, situations, and problems.
5. THE DIRTY WORKS - The police deal with dead bodies, crimes, crime victims, criminals, automobile accidents and other aspects
of society that most of us would rather not think about.

ACCOUNTABILITY AND ACTION

If our actions are simply to obey instructions, accountability requires only the report that those instructions have been obeyed
(perhaps saying, where, when and how). If our actions require us to exercise some discretion (to make choices, to take decisions) then to
be accountable requires also an explanation. We need to explain why we acted, as we did, not only report what we have done. We are
accountable for the results or outcomes of our actions, for the professional standards of our work, and for the effective use of resources
including financial resources. Our accountability need not be only to those who give a command. Accountability breeds Responsibility.

FOR PUBLIC SERVICE THEY MUST ULTIMATELY BE ACCOUNTABLE TO:

A. ACCOUNTABILITY IN GOVERNMENT AND IN CIVIL SOCIETY – There is a network of accountability between the
different organs of State. The aim is usually to have some separation and balance of powers, so that no one part of the system can
dominate the others.

B. ACCOUNTABILITY IN MANAGEMENT - Public services are mostly hierarchical, with each officer accountable to a
manager. Sometimes, the lines of management accountability are blurred.

C. ACCOUNTABILITY TO THE PUBLIC - Public servants are accountable to the public, that, in name, they are appointed to
serve. There has been increasing concern about this in the past few years, with an emphasis on becoming directly accountable to “clients”
or “customers”.

IMPORTANTS TERMINOLOGIES:
1. NEGLECT OF DUTY OR NONFEASANCE – is the failure to perform an act which one is obligated or permitted to do either
by law or directive due to omission or failure to recognize the obligation.

2. IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY/ MISFEASANCE- is the improper performance of some act,
which might lawfully done.

3. MALFEASANCE – is the intentional commission of a prohibited actor intentional unjust performance of some act of which the party
had no right.

4. MISCONDUCT – is the wrong doing or violation of departmental procedures.

5. INCOMPETENCE – it is the manifestation of lack of adequate ability and fitness for the satisfactory performance of police duties.
This has reference to any physical intellectual quality the lack of, which substantially incapacitates one to perform the duties of peace
officer.

6. OPPRESSION – An act of cruelty, severity, unlawful execution, domination, or excessive use of authority. The exercise of the
unlawful powers or other means, in depriving an individual of his liberty or property against his will, is generally an act of oppression.

7. DISHONESTY – is the concealment or distortion of truth in a matter of fact relevant of one’s office, or connected with the
performance of his duties.

8. DISLOYALTY TO THE GOVERNMENT – Consist of abandonment or renunciation of one’s loyalty to the Government of the
Philippines, or advocating the overthrow of the government.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 9 OF 37

9. VIOLATION OF LAW – Presupposes conviction in court of any crime or offense penalized under Revised Penal Code or any
special law or ordinance.

10. CORRUPTION – Is forbidden acts involving misuse of office for gain.

11. FAVORITISM – Is the unfair “breaks” to friends or relatives (nepotism).

12. “ROTTEN APPLES” – Are either weak individuals who have slipped through screening process or succumbed to the temptations
inherent in police work or deviant individuals who continue their deviance in an environment that gives them ample opportunity.

13. DEVIANCE – Behavior inconsistent with the norms, values or ethics.

TYPES OF POLICE DEVIANCE:

1. POLICE GRATUITY – Is the receipt of free meals, services or discounts.
2. CHISELING – Is when an officer is quite blatant in about demanding free services.
3. POLICE SHAKEDOWN – Is when the police officer extorts a business owner for protection money.
4. POLICE PERJURY – Is usually a means to affect an act of corruption, leaving out certain pertinent pieces of information in order to
“fix” a criminal prosecution.
5. POLICE BRUTALITY – Is defined as excessive force, name calling, sarcasm, ridicule, and disrespect.
When citizen charges police brutality they maybe referring to number of things, INCLUDING:
A. command to move or go home
B. field stops and searches
C. threats or implied violence
D. prodding with night stick or approaching with pistol
E. the actual use of physical force

6. POLICE PROFANITY – Refers to the use of obscene and profane language.

7. MISUSE OF CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION – This normally involves the jeopardization of ongoing investigations by
leaking information to friends, relatives, the public, the press, or in some cases directly to the criminal suspect or members of their gang.

14. CODE – Any system of rules and principles. The law Enforcement Code of Ethics is a basic system of ethical rules for police officers.

15. PRINCIPLES – A rule of conduct. The Code of Ethics are basic rules that every police officer must follow and a system of rules that
must control your behavior both on-duty and off-duty.

16. OATH – A formal and solemn commitment usually asking God and others to witness that you’re sincerely intend to do what you say
and promising what you say is the absolute truth.
When a police officer swears to the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics (LECE), he promises to intend to follow and obey these
rules and asks God and others to witness and hold him accountable to that promise.

SEX ON DUTY OR DUTY RELATED

1. TRAFFIC STOPS – to get closer look at a female or information about her.
2. FOX HUNTING – stopping college girls to get the I’ll do anything routine.
3. VOYEURISM – window peeping or interrupting lovers’ lane couples.
4. VICTIM RECONTACTS – consoling victims who have psychological needs.
5. OPPOSITE SEX STRIP SEARCHES – touching and/or sex with jail inmates.
6. SEXUAL SHAKEDOWN – letting prostitutes go if they perform sex acts.

CORRUPTION IN POLICE SERVICE - OVERVIEW

Corruption, regardless of who perpetuates it, erodes communities and governments that oversee them. That is, where official
corruption erosion of public service, falloff of confidence in government competency and an overall lack of public trust and credibility result.
The police are not exempted from graft and corruption. As an institution, graft and corruption had long taken roots in the police agency.
Corruption was nurtured by the long years of political patronage that slowly eroded the moral foundation of the organization.
THE ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPTION PRACTICES ACT OF 1960. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE LAW
1. Corrupt Practices of Public Officers (Section 3)
2. Prohibition on Private Individual (Section 4)
3. Prohibition on Certain Relatives (Section 5)
4. Prohibition on Members of Congress (Section 6)
5. Dismissal due to unexplained wealth (Section 8)
6. Penalties
7. Exception
PLUNDER LAW OF 1991. SALIENT FEATURES OF THE LAW
1. Means wherein Ill-gotten Wealth may be Obtained
2. The Crime of Plunder and its Penalty
3. Other Provisions

MOST COMMON TYPES OF CORRUPTION IN THE PNP

1. CASE FIXING – The subjective imposition of penalties or downright sabotage of the investigation process in exchange for money or
other things for personal gain.
2. BRIBERY – It is the receipt of cash or a gift in exchange for past or future assistance in avoidance of prosecution, as by a claim that
the officer is unable to make a positive identification of a criminal or by being in the wrong place at a time when a crime is to occur, or by
any other action that may be excused as carelessness but not offered as proof of deliberate miscarriage of justice. It is distinguished from
extortion by the mutual understanding in regard to services to be performed upon the acceptance of the gift.
3. EXTORTION OR SHAKEDOWNS – The common practice of holding "street court," where incidents such as minor traffic tickets
can be avoided with a cash payment to the officer and no receipt given. Using this process, police have also been known to extort money
from nightclub owners and other businesses by threatening to enforce city health and zoning codes.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 10 OF 37

4. PROTECTION – The taking of money or other rewards from vice operators or from legitimate companies operating illegally in return
for protecting them from law enforcement activity.
5. RECYCLING – The use or sale of confiscated items and evidence, usually drugs or narcotics.
6. SELECTIVE ENFORCEMENT – It occurs when police officers exploit their officer discretion. For example, a PNP member who
releases a suspect due to what is commonly known as “AREGLO” or “BALATO” is in clear abuse of his or her discretion and
authority. On the reverse side, a police officer who arrests a person simply because the latter “annoys” him is likewise guilty of selective
enforcement.
7. INTERNAL PAY-OFFS – Sale of work assignments, day-offs holidays, vacation periods, and even promotions.
8. CORRUPTION OF AUTHORITY – This type of corruption is tolerable, but because policeman must act beyond reproach and
with impartiality, it is expected that policeman must be free from possible from temptation to evil and this includes receiving free meals,
services, discounts, gratuities and the like.
9. KICKBACKS – This type of police corruption occurs when the police officer receives any consideration such as money and other
valuable materials in return to a police service which a police officer should be performed.
10. OPPORTUNISTIC THEFT – It is the taking advantage of the situation in the conduct of police operations by profiting or taking
properties with intent to gain and not reporting to authorities.
11. FIXES – It involves an activity in which a police officer acts as a mediator in a certain case and offer to the other party to settle the
case for a particular amount and the police officer receives a certain amount of the payment made by the other party.
12. DIRECT CRIMINAL ACTIVITY – This is the worst behavior of a police by involvement of police officer in a criminal activity
and profiting on it.

CATEGORIES OF CORRUPT POLICE OFFICER/UNITS

1. WHITE KNIGHTS – These are straightforward fellow, honest to a fault, and often take an extreme position on ethical issues. They
are realistic and often render strict decisions in accordance with the law. Thus, they are considered a loner and deviant to the eyes of the
colleagues who are corrupt and killjoy to the others.
2. STRAIGHT SHOOTERS – These are honest policemen who are ready to hide the corrupt practices for their comrades as part of
camaraderie. They observe principle of “OMERTA” or hiding the secret of fellow policemen.
3. GRASS EATERS/VEGETARIAN COPS – These are policeman who just keep on waiting for the opportunities. They are
engage in relatively minor type of corruption opportunities as they present themselves.
4. MEAT EATERS/CARNIVOROUS COPS – They are worst because they come out of the headquarters to look for the
opportunities. They actively seek out corruption opportunities and engage in both minor and major patterns of corruption.
5. ROGUES – Are policemen who are considered having all the deviant behaviors of a corrupt policeman. They involve in dirty works
and dirty money and are considered bad to the bone.

POLICE MISCONDUCT
1. MALFEASANCE OR MISCONDUCT – Is any wrongful, improper or unlawful conduct motivated by premeditated, obstinate or
intentional purpose. It usually refers to transgression of some established and definite rule of action, where no discretion is left except
where necessity may demand; it does not necessarily imply corruption or criminal intention.
2. MISFEASANCE OR IRREGULARITIES IN THE PERFORMANCE OF DUTY – Is the improper performance of some
act which might lawfully be done.
3. NONFEASANCE OR NEGLECT OF DUTY – Is the omission or refusal, without sufficient excuse, to perform an act or duty,
which it was the peace officer’s legal obligation to perform; implies a duty as well as its breach and the fact can never be found in the
absence of duty.
POLICE BRUTALITY – It refers to unnecessary and unreasonable use of force in effecting arrest or abuse in the manner of
conducting search and seizure, and other police operations.
POLICE LYING – A deceptive practices are in fact part of working environment.

CATEGORIES OF POLICE LYING

1. ACCEPTED LYING – Considered as part of police working environment especially in surveillance and intelligence driven
operations.
2. TOLERATED LYING – Recognized as lies but tolerated as necessary to explain inadequacy or inefficiency of the police
organization.
3. DEVIANT LYING – It involves lies that violate substantive or procedural laws and police officers standards or protocols.
USE OF DRUGS – They are susceptible to induced to taste drugs and eventually hook in using such. These are commonly committed
by police officers who are assigned to Anti-Illegal Drugs.

B. LAW ENFORCEMENT CODE OF ETHICS

As a law enforcement officer, my fundamental duty is to serve mankind; to safeguard life and property; to protect the innocent
against deception, weak against oppression or intimidation and the peaceful against violence or disorder; and to respect the constitutional
rights of all men, liberty, equality and justice.

I will keep my private life unsullied as an example to all/ maintain courageous calm in the face of danger; scorn or ridicule;
develop self-restraint and be constantly mindful of the welfare of the others. Honest in thought and deed in both my personal and official
life. I will be exemplary in obeying the laws of the land and regulations of my organization. Whatever I see or hear of a confidential nature
or is confided to I/ to me in my official capacity will be kept ever secret unless revelation is necessary in the performance of my duty.

I will never act officiously or permit personal feelings, prejudices, animosities or friendship to influence my decision; with no
compromise for crime and with relentless prosecution of criminals. I will enforce the law courteously and appropriately without fear or
favor, malice or ill will, never employing unnecessary force or violence and never accepting gratuities in return.

I recognize the badge of my office as a symbol of public faith and accept it as a Public trust to be held so long as I am true to the ethics of
police service. I will never engage in acts of corruption bribery, nor will I condone such acts by other police officers. I will cooperate with
all legally authorized agencies and their representatives in the pursuit of justice.

I know that I alone am responsible for my own standard or professional performance and will take every reasonable opportunity
to enhance and improve my level of knowledge and competence. I will constantly strive to achieve these objectives and ideals, dedicating
myself before God to my chosen profession…..Law Enforcement.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 11 OF 37

 “AS A LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER, MY FUNDAMENTAL DUTY IS TO SERVE MANKIND”
The gist of this passage is contained in two words: “duty and service”. Too often we forget that law enforcement is not just a job
for which we are hired as one would hire a laborer or tradesman. It involves a sworn duty. Some progressive police department now
requires that its officers reaffirm their oath each year in an effort to drive home the message that is contained in this sworn oath. And to
again remind the officer of the essential relationship between his job and the free society in which he lives.
The word “serve” denotes the denial of one’s own pleasures and desire for the good of the person or persons to be served.
Service involves dedication and sacrifice of the giving of one’s self. These are words that many find hard to swallow in this present day
and age but the job of professional law enforcement requires a special creed of man.
Professional law enforcement has no place for the officer whose philosophy of life is “what is it for me?” In our present
“awakened” society the crooked or dishonest law enforcement officer is finding it increasingly more difficult to really profit from his job in a
material way. He is rapidly becoming as out-of-place as a horse and buggy on a modern freeway.

“TO SAFEGUARD LIVES AND PROPERTY; TO PORTECT THE INNOCENT AGAINST DECEPTION, THE
WEAK AGAINST OPPRESSION OR INTIMIDATION; AND THE PEACEFUL AGAINST VIOLENCE OR
DISORDER”
We must, however, understand some of the limitations that are present in a truly democratic society. In such a society as ours,
this task can often be a difficult one, because protecting the rights of the individual means also protecting the right of the criminal. This is
sometimes a hard pill for law enforcement officers to swallow.
Because of this, some officers stray politically to the far right in an effort to either seek a system where their job would be made
easier, or to better protect the society that they have sworn to serve. It is easy for an officer to become bitter when he has continually
witnesses the ends of justice thwarted by red tape politics and technicalities of the law. The more truly idealistic he is, the more frustrated
he can become, especially if he lacks a philosophy or understanding of his true purpose in the society which he serves. Why must the
idealistic officer suffer so? When a good carpenters does his best, in building a fine house, one that can be seen and admired be all, he
can stand back and look at his job with a feeling of accomplishment and satisfaction. The same applies to an artist or anyone in the skilled
trades. Why not, then the policemen? Why must a good policeman, who works hard for the ends of justice, see the products of his work
so often crumble at his feet?
The answer is both simple and complicated. It is simple in that the policemen, unlike the tradesman, works not with objects, but
with people, wonderful and yet fallible people.
It is complicated in that the most unpredictable of all commodities, with which a person can work, is man itself. It is the
policeman’s relationship with people that necessitate that law enforcement becomes a profession.
There is a lesson to be learned from the legions of officers before us who suffered so greatly from broken spirits. The lesson is
that our satisfaction in law enforcement must come from doing our job to the best of our abilities, and not be dependent upon the final
outcome of our cases.

“TO RESPECT THE CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS OF ALL MEN TO LIBERTY EQUALITY AND JUSTICE”
Respecting the rights of others is not of man’s natural qualities. It seems to be part of his nature to suspect and persecute those who are
in any different from himself. There is no perfect justice on this earth, nor will there ever be, because man is not all knowing “nor” is he
himself perfect. Still we must strive for a form of justice that represents our ultimate capability. This involves not only great effort on the
part or very-person in the community, but individual sacrifices as well.
One of the greatest areas of fault among police officers generally, is not so must a prejudice against the criminal. For example,
an officer soon learns from experience that a certain group of persons is often responsible for the majority of the crimes committed such an
offense. Such a prejudice could lead to the faulty conclusion that he is the guilty person. This soon leads to a general feeling or prejudice
against all those who have been convicted of prior offenses, and an almost subconscious refusal to accord them the same right that the
Constitution provides for all persons.
Our present laws are such that they provide as fair a deal as is humanly attainable to all person subjects to that law. Many
officers feel that our system of jurisprudence is too lenient, and helps the criminal at the expense of society as a whole. In many cases this
is true. One alternative to this would be to have one for “good” citizens, and another for “criminals”. The problem is one who is to decide
which person comes under which category. Prior convictions alone cannot be used for qualification. To allow soon change our form of
government into a totalitarian system.
Another alternative would be a “protective” society in which the people would be accorded a high degree of protection, but in
return would have few personal rights. This would be the old Roman philosophy of “Salus Populi est Suprema Lex” (The safety of the
people is the supreme law). Personal rights and public protection are on opposite ends if a fixed scale. If we increase one, we decrease
the other. When our society is threatened by a state of emergency, one of the first steps in protection is restriction. An example of this is
the application of curfew hour. If no one is allowed on the property of another and protection is afforded to him. However, such conditions
are certainly not very conductive to a free democratic society.
“I WILL KEEP MY PRIVATE LIFE UNSULLIED AS AN EXAMPLE TO ALL”
One of the first things that a law enforcement officer must learn is that he has no private life. Every citizen should be entitled to
his own private life yet when a person accepts the calling of law enforcement, as a voluntary measure, he must be willing to offer his
privacy as a sacrifice to the good of the community which he serves. If a law enforcement officer could hide from his neighbors the facts
that he is a policeman, then his private life could be his own. This, however, is impossible. If a policeman has a family, his occupation will
become known in the neighborhood within a few days at the most. If he is single, and keeps to himself, he may keep the secret a little
longer, but if he is engaged in active law enforcement within his community, it is inevitable that his neighbors will become aware of it.
Once this is known, he will become the Object of constant observation.
Many will be watching the officer, hoping to observe some irregularity that will further justify their negative feelings towards
“cops”. Others will watch in hopes of catching the officer committing some traffic violation so that they can accuse him and all policemen in
general of hypocrisy. This will help justify their own misdeeds concerning traffic violations for which they feel they were unjustly given
tickets.

Another great danger in this area is that of the officer’s personnel morals. An officer spends a great deal of time dealing with
moral degenerates and persons of little conscience. If he is not constantly on guard these people can have a negative influence on him.
Female offender and female friends of offenders are often willing to offer their bodies to police officers in hopes of receiving some leniency
should they or their friends be arrested. Since most police officers work at nights, they come in contact with women who also work at
night, such as car hops café waitresses, bar maids, theater usherettes and similar occupation of being promiscuous, and it is very easy for
a law enforcer to be blackmailed, which can have a negative effect in the struggle for professional recognition. The citizens of a
community are very alert to transgressions of a moral nature, and they will quickly withdraw their needed support of any law enforcement
agency in which the selfish desires of its officers betray their professional calling.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 12 OF 37

 “MAINTAIN COURAGEOUS CALM IN THE FACE OF DANGER, SCORN OR RIDICULE AND DEVELOP
SELF RESTRAINT”
Most officers are prepared to face physical danger and the public expects it. This is due to the fact that when most people think
of police work, they think of high- speed chases with guns blazing and similar situations in which the officer’s life is in constant danger.
Fortunately, the aforementioned danger amounts to but a small fraction of the officer’s work routine. The threat for which he is
not prepared and on which can affect him greatly, is public scorn or ridicule. There is no doubt that some officers have taken the job
because of a need for the power of an authoritative position. It comes as quite a shock to them that the badge, uniform and gun mean very
little unless there is a man behind them. Respect must be earned. It cannot be bought with a badge and a uniform.

In a democratic form of government, a police officer is a public officer and as such is a servant to the community. Instead of
being above reproach or ridicule, he must expect to receive his position, as part of his job. It is not easy to control one’s temper when being
subjected to unnecessary and unsatisfied scorn or ridicule. Punching the perpetrator in the mouth will hurt him physically, but
psychologically he will sense victory in that he knows that he “got to the officer”. Nothing will hurt him more than being ignored. Through
practice, even the officer with temper can learn to control it. For the professional law enforcement officer it is “must”. When subjected to
scorn and ridicule, it often helps just to consider the source.

“WHATEVER I SEE OR HEAR OF A CONFIDENTIAL NATURE OR THAT IS CONFIDED TO ME IN MY

OFFICIAL CAPACITY WILL BE KEPT SECRET UNLESS REVELATION IS NECESSARY IN THE
PERFORMANCE OF MY DUTY”
Some officers feel that there is a difference in that the information obtained by the doctor and attorney is freely given with the
understanding that will be confidential whereas the information obtained as in the part of the law enforcer can be the result of many
sources or forms of investigation.
How it was obtained is really not important. The fact that it was obtained as part of the officer’s occupation, and is usually
information that he would not have otherwise obtained had he not been in that field, is the key point.
This information should never leave the department or the person retaining it unless it is in the interest of justice. An officer
should even be careful not to reveal information to his wife. An officer’s wife is often very tempted to reveal information of a confidential
nature to her neighbor women in an effort to show them the importance of her husband’s job, and to gain status in the eyes of the neighbor
women.

“I WILL NEVER PERMIT PERSONAL FEELINGS, PREJUDICE, ANIMOSITIES OR FRIENDSHIP TO

INFLUENCE MY DECISIONS”
It is difficult to know which desire is strongest in some persons, to help our friends or to hurt our enemies. Both desires are part
of our human nature. Helping our friends can be very good thing in itself, but when it involves an inequality in the administration of justice
we are defiling the oath we made to the community in which we serve. In police work, there is ample opportunity to both hurt enemies and
help friends, and it takes a person of strong character to properly perform his duties under these circumstances. Without professional
convictions, this can be impossible.

“I WILL NEVER ACT OFFICIOUSLY”

One of the faults that are common to new officers is that they often act officiously. They appear to the public to be over-
impressed with their own importance. In a way this is natural because it is associated with pride and a new officer is usually very proud for
his is a noble undertaking. However, a law enforcement officer must always guard against having this pride misinterpreted by the public as
being merely officious.
In most cases of apparent officiousness it is simply a matter of the officer not knowing how to act. Most police academe greatly
neglects the area of teaching officer how to act, how to play the role that is expected of him. There are so many facts that have to be
poured into the recruit’s head, that it leaves little time for role-playing.

The majority of the people who make contact with a law enforcer during his tour of duty are not criminals. The majority of the
people receiving tickets from an officer are normally law abiding, upright citizens of the community, and they are usually embarrassed
enough by being caught in a traffic violation without being talked down to or treated like a criminal. Judges often report that a common
reason for a person appearing in traffic court is not so much to contest the facts of the offense, but as to file a complaint about the
demeanor of the officer issuing the citation.

“WITH NO COMPROMISE FOR CRIME AND WITH RELENTLESS PROSECUTION OF CRIMINALS I WILL
ENFORCE THE LAW COURTEOUSLY AND APPROPRIATELY WITHOUT FEAR OR FAVOR, MALICE OR
ILL WILL”
The term “with no compromise for crime” means that crime will not be knowingly permitted. It does not mean that the officer
must perform his duties to the “letter of the law” without taking into consideration the “spirit of the law”. If the Code of Ethics will be
examined, nothing will be found in it to the effect that an officer must obtain convictions and send people to prison for long periods of time.
It does state, however, that he must do the best of which he is capable, and that his actions must be ethical. No man can predict or
guarantee the final results of any action. Only God can do this, man can only be responsible for his immediate actions. If an officer does a
good job and the, criminal is released by the courts, the blame rests not upon him but upon the courts, or the society itself.
The modern law enforcement officer has a new motto “Be firm but fair”. He does not have to be a “theory bound” sociologist just
because he treats criminals like human beings.
Our religious teachings stress the theme that we should hate sin but love man. This means that we may hate crime but not the
criminal. For some it is easy to hate criminal, but in due time, they will be consumed by the flame of this hatred. Some officers feel that
their job is to punish, and that in order to punish someone you must vent your anger upon them. Our present system of criminal justice
assigns no duties of punishment to the law enforcement officer. The role of punishment belongs to the people in Corrections and
Penology. Getting angry, other than as an officer only makes his job more difficult.
The modern professional law enforcement officer let the criminal call the tune as to his own treatment. The officer can and must
be as tough as the situation demands yet there is no personal vindictiveness in the way he treats the criminal. His tone of voice and
demeanor usually indicate that he will not be walked on, yet his actions are fair.

“I WILL NEVER EMPLOY UNNECESSARY FORCE OR VIOLENCE”

At times the use of force in the performance of one’s duties is an absolute necessity. There is no escaping it. It is extremely
difficult to judge exactly whether or not the force used in
a particular situation was necessary or not. The use of force or violence during interrogations will often produce immediate confessions,
but it should be avoided on ethical ground in that the interrogator seldom knows with complete certainty that the suspect is guilty, and the

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 13 OF 37

use of force or the “third degree” on an innocent person is certainly a miscarriage of justice as well as violation of professional conduct. As
a means of punishment for the criminal, it would be out of place for it is not the function of law enforcement to punish criminals. This
belongs to the courts and prisons.
From a practical viewpoint, unnecessary force or violence should be avoided during interrogations because if the judge even
suspects that force were used to obtain a confession, it would be thrown out of court, and chances are the case would be lost. It is difficult
enough for modern professional law enforcement officer to convince the courts that their methods of interrogation were “above board’
because of the reputation that law enforcement had thirty or more years ago. In a society that is as conscious of their rights as ours is
today, the use of force or violence as a common practice would invalidate nearly all of the confessions that reached.

“I WILL NEVER ACCEPT GRATUITIES”

The topic of accepting gratuities causes many long and hearted discussions among modern police officers. It is one in which
both ethics and relationships enter the picture. Gratuities take two main forms first, is the gratuity given by a person with the sole intent of
receiving something in return; second, gratuity that is given solely but of a respect for law.
Those who favor gratuities usually feel that the second form is all right but not the first. They feel that the key to gratuities is as
follows: “Will this in any way affect the proper performance of any duties”. In other words, if the officer were to observe the person, giving
the gratuity, commit some violation whether it be an hour or day later, would be in all conscience be able to treat him the same as a total
stranger?
Those members of law enforcement who developed this code, were certainly aware of the complexities of this particular area,
but the use of the word “never” in relation to accepting gratuities, indicated that they felt that this was a necessary and essential
prerequisite to professional law enforcement. To be truly professional we must first be ethical, we must do what is actually describe, not
merely what we would like to be desirable.

“I RECOGNIZE THE BADGE OF MY OFFICE AS A SYMBOL OF PUBLIC FAITH, AND I ACCEPT IT AS A

PUBLIC TRUST TO BE HELD SO LONG AS I AM TRUE TO THE ETHICS OF POLICE SERVICE”
The essence of this section is one of the most overlooked and forgotten facets of law enforcement by the man in the field. It is
this that distinguishes the difference between law enforcement and the ordinary job. It is this that enables an officer to suffer the difficulties
and problems that make the held, at times, so frustrating and discouraging. Police administrators would do well to place more emphasis
upon the swearing-process. It should be made vary formal and similar to the initiation of many fraternal organizations.
The chief of police should see that the recruit is not issued a badge or allowed to put on a uniform until he is thoroughly familiar
with the code of ethics and especially the above section. He should be made to understand that he is one of the selected, and that his job
is a public trust that must be earned. The new officer should also understand that any personal reward will not be obtained from the public
itself, for the public is a difficult master, if there is a personal reward, it can only come for the officer himself or from knowing the true
significance of the job and the essential role that it plays in society. Perhaps the greatest reward is the self-respect and satisfaction that
comes from the knowledge that the job was done in a truly professional manner.

“I WILL CONSTANTLY STRIVE TO ACHIEVE THESE OBJECTIVE AND IDEALS DEDICATING MYSELF
BEFORE GOD TO MY CHOSEN PROFESSION….LAW ENFORCEMENT”
Proficiency in law enforcement involves many factors. It involves mental moral and physical conditioning. They are all important
aspects. The officer who let himself slip physically is certainly not being able to protect society. The officer who is in good physical
condition has more confidence in his ability, and, this is sense by those with whom he deals, and as a result he finds that it is necessary to
exert authority as much as it might be otherwise. Unfortunately, most police department requires a stiff physical agility examination before
this area is either forgotten or greatly neglected. It is left up to the individual officer to keep himself in shape. Another way in which the
professional officer may keep abreast is to devote so many hours each week to reading professional law enforcement books, journals or
magazines that are now available.
Since most of this reading will be on the officer’s own time, it is essential that he develop the initiative that is so common to other
professions. The Law Enforcement Code of Ethics has been broken down and discussed in details in an effort to awaken the reader’s
awareness of the importance of the code as a means of achieving professional standing. However, knowing and understanding the code
of ethics is not enough. It must be practiced and be reflected on the lives of police officers.

C. POLICE OFFICERS PLEDGE

1. I will love and serve God, my country and people.
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of duly constituted authorities.
3. I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of morality.
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service.
5. I will live a decent and virtuous Life to serve as an example.
D. POLICE CODE COVENANT
I SHALL RECOGNIZE AND WILL ALWAYS BE CONSCIOUS OF THE FACT THAT THE
POLICE SERVICE IS AN HONORABLE CALLING, THUS COMPELLING ME TO SET THE
EXAMPLE BY STRICTLY ADHERING TO THE PROVISION OF THE CODE OF
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS.
I BIND MYSELF TO PROMOTE AND ENHANCE THE NOBLE IDEAS AND ASPIRATION
OF CODE OF MY PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL LIFE AND ENSURE THAT ITS TENENTS
SHALL BE HONORED AT ALL TIMES. THIS IS MY PERSONNAL COVENANT.
E. POLICE OFFICER PLEDGE
IF YOU WORK FOR A MAN, IN HEAVENS NAME WORK FOR HIM. IF HE PAYS YOUR
WAGES WHICH SUPPLY YOU BREAD AND BUTTER, WORK FOR HIM: SPEAK WELL OF
HIM AND BY THE INSTITUTION HE REPRESENTS. IF PUT TO A PINCH, AN OUNCE OF
LOYALTY IS WORTH A POUND OF CLEVERNESS. IF YOU MUST VILLIFY, CONDENM AND
ETERNALLY DISPERAGE, RESIGN YOUR POSITION, AND EVEN WHEN THING YOU ARE
OUTSIDES, DAMN TO YOUR HEARTS CONTENT. BUT AS LONG AS YOU ARE PART OF THE
INSTITUTIONDO NOT CONDEMN IT. IF YOU DO THAT YOU ARE LOOSENING THE

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 14 OF 37

TENDRILS THAT ARE HOLDING YOU TO THE ORGANIZATION AND, AT THE FIRST HIGH
WIND THAT COMES ALONG, YOU WILL BE UPROOTED AND BLOWN AWAY AND
PROBABLY YOU WILL EVER KNOW THE REASON WHY.
F. POLICEMAN’S PRAYER
LORD GOD ALMIGHTY, GRANT US THAT WE MAY THIS DAY AND EVERY DAY
OVER ALL TEMPTATION SPECIALLY TO INJUSTICE AND DISLOYALTY AND WITH OUR
MINDS INFLAMED BY YOUR HOLY SPIRIT PERFORMED ALL OUR DUTIES INSUCH A
MANNER THAT AS MAYBE PLEASING TO YOUR DIVINE WILL SO THAT WHEN CALL TO
REPORT FOR THE LAST TIME, WE MAY NOT BE FOUND WANTING. AMEN.
G. POLICE 2000
P- Prevention and control of Crime primarily through the COPS.
O- Order and maintenance and internal security.
L- Law enforcement without fear and favor
I - Image credibility and image support
C-Coordination with order government agencies, NGO
E- Efficiency and effectiveness in the performance of duty.
H. PNP VISION
We are committed to the vision of professional dynamic and highly motivated PNP supported by
a responsive community, regarded as one of the most credible national institution and rank safety and
internal security with the active support of the community.
I. PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUE
PNP IMAGE:
The Image of every organization affects the SPRIT DE CORP MORALE AND WLEFARE OF
MEMBERS AND SENSE OF PRIDE OF THE ORGANIZATION. In view therefore, all members of
the PNP should conduct themselves in a manner that not places the in bad light. Instead they should live
in accordance with the PNP core of values and possess the following virtues: honor, integrity, valor,
justice honesty, humility, clarity and loyalty to the service.
J. WHO IS A FILIPINO POLICEMAN?
A Filipino policeman is a protector and a friend of the people. His BADGE is the symbol of the
CITIZEN’S FAITH AND TRUST, his uniform a mirror of decorum and integrity and his whole
human person an oblation of enduring love for homeland, fellowmen and god.
A Filipino policeman emulates the valor of LAPU-LAPU, serenity of RIZAL, the leadership of
AGUINALDO, the courage of BONIFACIO, the idealism of DEL PILAR, the wisdom of MABINI
and the fortitude of GOMEZ, BURGOS, and ZAMORA.
A Filipino policeman has an oath for his republic to uphold: to defend the constitution, honor the
flag, obey the laws and duly constituted authorities. He has covenant with his people to comply: to
safeguard and protect them even beyond the call of duty. And he has a legacy for his family to fulfill: to
bequeath unto them the one and only treasure of his life - an embellished name.
K. CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS
Serving the community and by protecting all persons against illegal acts.
1. In the performance of their duty, l. E. O. Respect and protect the human dignity and maintain and
uphold the human rights of all persons.
2. L. E. O. may use force when strictly necessary and to the extent required for the performance of duty.
3. Matters of a confidential nature in the possession of l. E.O., shall be kept confidential unless the
performance of duty or the need of justice strictly required otherwise.
4. No l. E. O. May inflicts, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel, inhumane or degrading
punishment
5. L. E. O. shall ensure the full protection of the health of the person in their custody and in particular,
shall take immediate action to secure medical attention whenever required.
6. L. E. O. shall not commit any act of corruption; they shall also rigorously oppose and combat all such
acts.
7. L. E. O. Shall respect the law and the present code. They shall also, to the best of their capabilities,
prevent and rigorously oppose any violations of them.
L. FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
1. The police has the responsibility to prevent and control crime.
2. The police has the responsibility to recognize that the fulfillment of its function is dependent upon
community by approval of its existence and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive support and
participative cooperation.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 15 OF 37

3. The police has the responsibility to recognized that in order to secure and maintain the approval,
support and cooperation of the public, it has a collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance
of the public in the task of securing observance of law.
4. The police has the responsibility to recognized that when the community cooperate and assist the
police it diminishes proportionately the need for the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving
law enforcement objectives.
5. To seek and preserved public favor, not by soliciting public opinion, but by constant demonstration of
impartiality by ready offering members of the community without regard to their wealth, friendship,
social standing, and race and by ready offering of individual sacrifice and to some extent, the sacrifice of
relatives.
6. The use of physical force, only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient in the pursuit of law observance or to restore order and shall restore only minimum degree
of physical force necessary or any particular occasions in achieving the enforcement objectives.
7. Public officer is a public is a public trust.
8. To recognize the need of strict adherence to the law, refrain from usurping the power and authority of
the judiciary in avenging individuals, judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
9. Crime prevention
10. Presence of personal moral responsibility exemplified by virtuous behavior and non- compromising
law enforcement.
11. Achieved of professional service.
12. To recognize the stability.
13. Magnificent principle- fear god, honor the govt. And respect the people.
14. The people is the peacemaker, the police is the peacekeeper and the local govt. is the peace
preserver?

M. CODE OF ETHICS FOR REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST
1. The primary responsibility of every person admitted to the practice of Criminology as a registered
Criminologist is to bear faithful allegiance to the Republic of the Philippines and be loyal to his
profession.
2. They shall accept as a sacred obligation and responsibility as a citizen to support the Constitution of
the Philippines as a Registered Criminologist to defend the principles of liberty as defined in the
Constitution and Laws.
3. They shall strive to improve their effectiveness by diligent study and sincere attention to improve and
welcome the opportunity to disseminate practical and useful information relating to matters accruing to
the benefits of public safety and welfare.

LIMITATION OF AUTHORITY OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

1. The first duty of a criminologist as upholder of the law is to know its bounds upon him, be aware of
limitation and prescriptions and recognize the system of the government that gives to no man, groups or
institution of absolute power.
2. He must ensure that he is a prime defender of that system and as such must never pervert its character.
3. They shall in the performance of their duty be just, impartial and reasonable, never according anyone
more preferential treatment than another.

PRIVATE CONDUCT OF REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

1. The Registered Criminologist must mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder
of the law.
2. He must never lax in conduct or manner in private life, express disrespect of the law, nor weak to gain
special privilege that would reflect upon the profession.
3. He must conduct his private life that the public will regard him as an example of stability, fidelity and
morality.
4. He must strive to elevate the standing of the profession in the public mind, strengthen public
confidence in law enforcement; develop and maintain complete support and cooperation of the public
and insure their effectiveness by encouraging complete cooperation of members for their mutual benefit.

REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST’S CONDUCT TOWARDS THE PUBLIC

1. The Criminologist shall strive to make the best application of science to the solution of crime, by
diligent study and sincere attention to self-improvement, and in the field of human relationships, strive
for effective leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
2. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his profession as an honorable one rendering
valuable service to his community and country.
3. He shall avoid outside influence from overzealous and over-anxious clients and his findings shall be
based solely and entirely on logical and scientific deduction derived from a fair and impartial
examination personally performed by him.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 16 OF 37
4. He must never lose sight of the important fact that he should not only work for the identification,
apprehension and conviction of criminal, but must strive with greater if not equal vigor to clear the
innocent.

ATTITUDE TOWARDS FELLOW REGISTERED CRIMINOLOGIST

1. He shall strive constantly to improve professional standing of criminology through association with
others in the profession and keeping abreast with the fast moving world of science and technology
through constant research and development.
2. He shall cooperate fully with fellow-Criminologist’s regardless of personal prejudice. He should
however, be assured that such action is proper and in accordance with law and guard against the use of
his office or person, knowingly or unknowingly in any improper or illegal action.
3. He always hear in mind at all times that it is not sufficient to be proficient in one’s work, he must also
have a high sense of justice, as belief in the dignity and worth of all mean and a proper motivation and
attitude.
4. He must possess a sense of dedication of his profession and a sense of dignity and obligation to his
fellowmen.
5. He shall cooperate with fellow Criminologists and public official to the end that the safety and general
welfare of the public will be assured, never permitting jealousies or personal differences to influence
their professional duties and obligations.
D. CANONS OF POLICE ETHICS
The following are the canons of Police Ethics
1. Primordial police responsibility 7. Conduct toward the community
2. Limitation of police authority 8. Conduct in arresting law violators
3. Knowledge of the law and other responsibilities 9. Firmness in refusing gifts or favor
4. Use of proper means to obtain proper ends. 10. Impartial presentation of evidence
5. Cooperation with public officials 11. Attitude toward police profession
6. Proper conduct and behavior

1. PRIMORDIAL POLICE RESPONSIBILITY – The primary objectives of police is the prevention of crime, policeman knew too
well that he has committed his life to defend and protect the rights of the citizen and uphold the law at all cost.

2. LIMITATION OF POLICE AUTHORITY – The police officer as an upholder of the law must know its limitation upon him in
enforcing the law, thus:
a. He must be aware of the limitations, which the people, through law, have placed him.
b. He must recognize the center of the democratic system of government, which gives person or group of persons, absolute power.
c. He must insure that he does not pervert its true character.

3. KNOWLEDGE OF THE LAW AND OTHER RESPONSIBILITY

a. The policeman shall constantly /devotedly apply himself to the principles of the laws, which he is sworn to apply.
b. He will make certain of his responsibilities in the particular field of enforcement, seeking aid of his superior in matters technically or in
principles are not clear to him.
c. He shall make special effort to fully understand his relationship with law enforcement agencies, particularly on matters of jurisdiction,
both geographically and substantively.

4. USE OF PROPER MEANS TO OBTAIN PROPER ENDS.

a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to have strict selection of methods in discharging the duty of his office.
b. Violation of law or public safety and property on the part of the officer are intrinsically wrong.
c. The employment of illegal methods, no matter how worthy the end, is certain to encourage disrespect for the law and its officers. If the
law is to be honored, it should be honored first by those who enforce it.
5. COOPERATION WITH PUBLIC OFFICIALS
a. The policeman shall cooperate fully with the other public officials in the performance or authorized duties, regardless of party affiliation
or personal prejudices.

6. PROPER CONDUCT AND BEHAVIOR

a. The policeman shall be mindful of his special identification by the public as an upholder of law.
b. Police laxity of conduct or manner in private life, expressing either disrespect for the law or seeking to gain special prevail, cannot but
reflect upon in the policeman and the police service.
c. The community and the services require that the policeman leads the life of decent and honorable person, following the career of
policeman gives no special pre-requisite.
7. CONDUCT TOWARDS THE COMMUNITY
a. The policeman shall be mindful of his responsibility to the community.
b. He shall deal with individuals of the community in the manner calculated to instill respect.
c. He shall conduct his official life in a manner that will inspire confidence and trust.

8. CONDUCT IN ARRESTING LAW VIOLATOR

a. Policeman shall use his powers of arrest in accordance with the law with due regard to the rights of the citizens concerned.
b. He shall, at all times, have a clear appreciation of his responsibilities and limitation regarding the detention of the accused.
c. He shall conduct himself in such a manner as will minimize the possibility of having to use force.
d. He shall cultivate a dedication to the people and the equitable upholding of the law whether in the handling of the accused or law-abiding
citizen.

9. FIRMNESS IN REFUSING GIFTS OR FAVORS

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 17 OF 37

a. Policeman representing the government bears heavy responsibility of maintaining, in his conduct, the honor and integrity of all
government institution.
b. He shall guard against placing himself in a position in which the public can reasonably assume that special consideration is being given.

10. IMPARTIAL PRESENTATION OF EVIDENCE

a. Policeman shall regard the best possible of his duties as a public trust and recognize his responsibilities as a public servant.
b. He shall strive to make the best possible application of science to the solution of the crime and in the field of human relation.
c. He shall strive for effecting leadership and public influence in matters affecting public safety.
d. He shall appreciate the importance and responsibility of his office, and hold police work to be an honorable profession rendering
valuable service to the community.
e. Through study and experience, a police officer can acquire the high level of knowledge and competence that is essential for the efficient
and effective performance of duty. The development that should be pursued constantly.

11. ATTITUDE TOWARD POLICE PROFESSION

E. PROFESSIONAL POLICE PRINCIPLES
The following are the professional police principles:
1. Prevention of crime and disorder
2. Cooperation of the community
3. Unreasonable force reduce community cooperation
4. Use of reasonable force when persuasion is not sufficient
5. Impartial enforcement of laws
6. The community are the police
7. Police should not usurp judicial powers
8. Rules of engagement impartially observed
9. Reduction of crime and disorder
10. Police discretion

1. PREVENTION OF CRIME AND DISORDER - The basic mission for which the police exist is to prevent crime and disorder as
an alternative to the repression of crime and disorder by police force and severity of legal punishment.

2. COOPERATION OF THE COMMUNITY

a. The police must secure the willing cooperation in the voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain the respect and
support of the community.
b. The ability of the police to perform their duty is dependent upon the community support of police existence, actions, behavior and ability
of the police to secure and maintain community respect.

3. UNREASONABLE FORCE REDUCE COMMUNITY COOPERATION

a. A police officer should never employ unnecessary force or violence and will use only such force in the discharge of duty as in
reasonable in all circumstances.
b. Force should be use only with the greatest restraint and only after discussion; negotiation and persuasion have been found to be
inappropriate or ineffective. While the use of force is occasionally unavoidable, every police officer will refrain from applying the
unnecessary infliction of pain or suffering and will never engage in cruel, degrading or inhuman treatment of any person.

4. USE OF REASONABLE FORCE WHEN PERSUASION IS NOT SUFFICIENT

a. The police should use reasonable force to the extent necessary to secure observance of the law or to restore order only when the
exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient to attain police objectives.
b. No violence or unnecessary force shall not be subject to any greater restrain than is necessary for his detention.

5. IMPARTIAL ENFORCEMENT OF LAWS

a. The police seek and preserve community favor, not catering to community opinion, but constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial
enforcement of laws, without regard to justice and injustice of the substance of particular laws.
b. Impartial enforcement of laws on all individual members of the society without regard to their race or social standing.

6. THE COMMUNITY ARE THE POLICE

a. The police at all times should maintain relationship with the community that gives really to the historic tradition that the police are the
people.
b. The police are the only members of the community who are in pain to give full time attention to maintain peace and order which are
incumbent on every citizen in the interest of the community welfare.

7. POLICE SHOULD NOT USURP JUDICIAL POWERS - The police should always direct their actions strictly toward their
functions and never appear to usurp the powers of judiciary by avenging individuals of the state of authoritative judging guilt or punishing.

8. REDUCTION OF CRIME AND DISORDER - The test of police efficiency is the reduction of crime and disorder until totally
eradicated not by evidence of police present and action dealing with the community.

9. RULES OF ENGAGEMENT IMPARTIALLY OBSERVED

a. Policemen engage in anti-crime operation always consider the safety and security of who might be caught in the crossfire or arm
encounters.
b. The use of force including firearm is justifiable only by virtue of the Doctrine of self-defense, Defense of Relatives and Defense of a
stranger.
c. The use of force, especially firearms should be applied only as a last resort, when all other peaceful and non-violent means has been
exhausted.
d. The use of force especially firearms, should be confined only in lawless elements and the responding PNP unit. This is inherent in the
police service in which the profession, the armaments and safety life of every PNP member are dedicated to the protection and safety of
the people.

10. POLICE DISCRETION

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 18 OF 37
a. A police officer will use responsibly the discretion vested in the position and exercise if within the law. The principle of reasonableness
will guide the office’s determinations and the officer will consider all surrounding circumstances whether any legal action shall be taken.
b. Consistent and wise use of discretion, based on professional policing competence, will do much to preserve good relationship and retain
the confidence of the public. There can be difficulty in choosing between conflicting courses of action. It is important to remember that a
timely word of advice rather than arrest-which may be correct in appropriate circumstances, can be a more effective means of achieving a
desired end.

THE POLICE CORE VALUES

The police service is a noble profession and demands from its members specialized knowledge and skills and high standard of
ethics and morality. In this regard, the members of the PNP must adhere to and internalize the enduring core values such AS:
A. Love of God E. Stewardship over material things
B. Respect for authority F. Responsible dominion
C. Respect for women G. Truthfulness
D. Respect for the sanctity of marriage

THE POLICE OFFICER’S CREED

1. I believe in God, the Supreme Being a Great provider, the Creator of all men and everything dear to me. In return, I can do less than
love Him above all, seek His guidance in the performance of my sworn duties and honor Him at all times.

2. I believe that respect for authority is a duty. I respect and uphold the constitution, the laws of the land and the applicable rules and
regulations. I recognize the legitimacy and authority of the leadership, and follow and obey legal orders of my superior officers.
3. I believe in selfless love and service to people. Towards this end, I commit myself to the service of my fellowmen over and above my
personal convenience.

4. I believe in the sanctity of marriage and the respect for women. I shall set the example of decency and morality, and shall have high
regard for family life and chastity.
5. I believe in responsible dominion and stewardship over material things. I shall inhibit myself from ostentatious display of my property. I
shall protect the environment and conserve nature to maintain ecological balance. I shall respect private and public properties and prevent
others from destroying it.
6. I believe in the wisdom of truthfulness. I must be trustworthy and I shall speak the truth at all time as required by my profession.
PNP STAND ON BASIC ISSUES
The deployment and employment of the PNP personnel require the organization and its members to bare their stand on the
following basic issues.
1. PNP IMAGE - The image of any organization affects the esprit de corps, morale and welfare of members and sense of pride to the
organization. Thus, all members of the PNP should act in a manner that would reflect best on the PNP and live by the PNP’s core values.

POLICE MUST ENDEAVOR TO AVOID NEGATIVE VALUES SUCH AS:

1. IMMODEST LIVING –outside of modest living
2. MISTRESS MAINTENANCE- bigamous or polygamous life
3. ABSENTEEISM- sick with “malingeritis”, and tardiness
4. HOODLUM ALLIANCE- maintaining pickpockets and alliance with crime syndicates
5. BATA-BATA- “nakasandal sa pader” syndrome
6. HATE SYNDROME- napag-initan or pina-initan
7. DISCOURTESY – undesirable conducts and without regards to others (usually breeds trouble)
8. INDISCIPLINE- lack of discipline, no self-control
9. GOSSIP/DOUBLE TALK – discordant, confusing psychological conduct

2. CAREER MANAGEMENT, THE KEY TO PROFESSIONALISM - Its improper implementation will greatly prejudice the
personnel professionalization process as regards procurement, promotion, assignment, placement, training, awards and retirement. To
address these flaws, the PNP shall formulate a stringent policy and strictly implement the human resources development system,
compatible to equitable distribution of procurement, fair promotion, rationalized approach in assignment, skill development, immediate
grant of reward, and decent living upon retirement.

3. POLICE MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP - The effectiveness of the law enforcement is reflective to the managerial
capabilities and competent leadership of men and women who run the PNP organization. It is therefore a “must” that these attributes be
the primary basis for consideration in the selection of personnel for employment and deployment purposes.

4. EQUALITY IN THE SERVICE –There shall be judicious equitable distribution of opportunity to prove one’s worth in the police
service. The problem on inequality thru class orientation and factionalism, both real and perceived, premise on favored assignment,
inequitable opportunity, of training, unfair granting of promotion, and untimely awarding of achievements will create an atmosphere of
demoralization. The result is inefficiency and lack of teamwork to the detriment of the organization. It behooves therefore on the PNP
leadership to address the situation. The civilian character of the organization requires adherence to the rule on merit and fitness system
and to dissociate the above process from class orientation and factionalism.

5. DELICADEZA – In consonance with requirements of honor and integrity in the PNP, all PNP members must have the moral
courage to sacrifice self-interest in keeping with the time –honored principle of delicadeza.

6. POLICE LIFESTYLE - The PNP shall endeavor to promote lifestyle for every member of the organization that is acceptable and
respectable in the eyes of the public. They must be free from greed, corruption and exploitation. The public expects a police officer to live
a simple, yet credible and dignified life.

7. POLITICAL PATRONAGE – All PNP members must inhibit themselves from soliciting political patronage in matters pertaining
to assignment, awards, training and promotion.

8. HUMAN RIGHTS – All PNP members must respect and protect human dignity and man’s inalienable rights to life, liberty and
property.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 19 OF 37
9. SETTING EXAMPLE – All PNP members shall set good example to their subordinates and follow good example from superiors.
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS RA 6713 (CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS OF PUBLIC
OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES) AND OTHER APPLICABLE LAWS

SECTION 1. Standard of Police Professionalism

All PNP personnel shall perform their duties with excellence, competence, integrity, intelligence and expertise in the application
of specialized skill and technical knowledge.
SECTION 2. Police Professional Conduct
All members of the PNP shall observe the following professional conduct:

1. COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY- Uniformed PNP members commit themselves to the democratic way of life and values
and maintain the principle of public accountability. They shall at all times uphold the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people and
organization above loyalty to any person or organization.

2. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST- All PNP members shall always uphold public interest over and above personal
interest. All government properties, resources and powers of their respective offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and
efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of public funds and revenues. All PNP personnel must avoid and prevent the “malversation of
Human Resources”, “malversation of Government time” and malversation of Government property and funds.”

MALVERSATION consists not only in misappropriation or converting public funds or property to one’s personal use but also by
knowingly allowing others to make use or misappropriate them. (Labatogos v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. 71581, 21 March 90) Even if his story
about the theft of the funds were true, he would still be liable for malversation under Article 217 of the Revised Penal Code for it was his
gross negligence that made the larceny possible. A public officer accountable for public funds by reason of the duties of his office commits
malversation if he “shall appropriate the same, or shall take or misappropriate or shall consent or through abandonment or negligence,
shall permit any other person to take such public funds or property wholly or partially.” (Art.217, Revised Penal Code)

The subsequent restitution of the missing funds does not exempt the accused from liability for the crime of malversation. (Duroy v.
Sandiganbayan, G.R. 69459, 15 June 89)

MALVERSATION is committed either intentionally or by negligence. The dolo or the culpa present in the offense is only a modality in
the perpetration of the offense. Even if the mode charged differs from the mode proved, the same offense of malversation is involved and
conviction thereof is proper. A possible exception would be when the mode of commission alleged in the particulars of the indictment is so
far removed from the ultimate categorization of the crime that it may be said due process was denied by deluding the accused into an
erroneous apprehension of the charge against him. (Cabello v. Sandiganbayan, G.R., 93885, 14 May 91)

3. NON- PARTISANSHIP- PNP members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination regardless of party affiliation in
accordance with existing laws and regulations.

4. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH - All PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fit and in good health at all
times. Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and annual medical examination in any PNP Hospital or Medical
Program of the PNP.

5. SECRECY DISCIPLINE - All PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information against unauthorized
disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special orders, communications and other documents, roster or any portion
thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal records, identities of persons who may have given information to the police in confidence and other
classified information on intelligence material.

RECORDS refers to “any paper, book, photograph, motion picture, film, micro-film, sound recording, drawing, chart, map or other
document of any physical form or copy thereof, that has been made or received by any entity or its successors as evidence of the
objectives, organization, functions, policies, decisions, procedures, operations or other activities of the government or because of the
information contained therein.”
6. SOCIAL AWARENESS - All PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged to actively get involved in
the religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization but without affecting their official duties.

7. NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE - All members shall seek self-improvement through career development and shall
not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from politicians, high-ranking government officials, prominent citizens, persons
affiliated with civic or religious organizations with regard to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members of the force,
nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf. Moreover, they shall advise their immediate
relatives not to interfere in the activities of the police service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel.

8. PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY - PNP members shall be responsible for the security, proper care and
use of public property issued to them and/or deposited under their care and custody. Unauthorized use of public property for personal
convenience or gain and that of their families, friends, or relatives is strictly prohibited.

9. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and protect human dignity and
uphold the human rights of all persons. No member inflict, instigate or tolerate extra-judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or
other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and shall not invoke superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a
state of war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any public emergency as a justification for committing such human
rights violations.

10. DEVOTION TO DUTY - All PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness, efficiency, enthusiasm,
determination, and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain from engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their
duties as public servants.
11. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - All members of the PNP shall help in the development and conservation
of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are the inalienable heritage of our people.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 20 OF 37

12. DISCIPLINE - They shall conduct themselves at all times in keeping with the rules and regulations of the organization.
TENETS OF DISCIPLINE
All policemen at all levels shall adhere to the eight tenets of discipline, which include the following:
a. One of the first signs of discipline is the stage of orderliness and cleanliness of the policeman’s place or work. If a police station is
unkept, people cannot expect the kind of positive response to their needs.
b. All police actions must be characterized by courtesy and discipline.
c. All objectives of the PNP must always be for the public interest and not private interest. The people must feel that they are welcome to
approach any members of the PNP for assistance.
d. All citizens must be treated with dignity and respect.
e. All police actions must be in accordance with the law. Respect for human rights and other laws of the land must be primordial concern
in the exercise of Police duties.
f. Basic police service must be rendered, equitably for all citizens and must not be given in exchange for any favor, reward or condition.
g. Involvement of police personnel in syndicated crime particularly illegal gambling must not be tolerated.
h. There is no substitute for leadership by example. Police Commanders, as model of public service, must show proper behavior not only
to their subordinates but also to the people.
13. LOYALTY - Above all, PNP members must be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested by their loyalty to their
superior's peers and subordinates as well.

14. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS - All PNP personnel shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to superior officers and other
appropriate authorities within the chain of command. They shall readily accept whenever they are assigned anywhere in the country.
Therefore, it is a taboo for any personnel to petition in court or in any public forum his assignment.
15. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY - In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility, immediate
Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and direction of their personnel and shall see to it that all
government resources shall be managed, expended or utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguarded against losses
thru illegal or improper disposition.

POLICE ETHICAL STANDARD S - shall refer to established and generally accepted moral values. Ethical acts to be observed
ARE THE FOLLOWING:
1. MORALITY - All PNP shall adhere to high standard of morality and decency and shall set good examples for other to follow.
Hence among others, and in no instance during their terms of office shall they be involved as owners, operators, managers or investors in
any house of ill-repute or illegal gambling den or other places devoted to vices; nor shall they patronize such places unless on official duty,
and tolerate operating of such establishments in their respective areas of responsibilities. They shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded
spouses.

2. JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY - PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the performance of
duty.

LAW OF THE JUNGLE

A PNP member, who happens to be victim of assault upon himself in his capacity as an agent of a person in authority, cannot
take the law into his own hands. Such being the case, he has to ask police assistance to apply for search warrant and serve such warrant
as any other citizen would ordinarily do if ever he is a victim or a complainant of any act punishable by law.
The basic foundation of the rule is based on the fact that society could not exist in a group of people who are living in a territory
unless they govern themselves by rule and regulations, because if they were not- law of the jungle will prevail.

The term “Law of the Jungle” is derive from the word jungle itself, because in the jungle, in order that the “King of the Jungle” the lion could
continue to live or exist, it has to kill its fellow creatures and/or use them for food. But man is higher than animals. He is wise and uses his
power to think, unlike animals that they are only governed by their instincts.

3. INTEGRITY - PNP members shall not allow themselves to be victims of corruption and dishonest practices in accordance with the
provisions of RA 6713 (Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards of Public Officials and Employees) and other applicable laws.
Integrity: Closely related to honesty, integrity is the firm and incorruptible adherence to the code of moral values. To truly follow
the Law Enforcement Code of Ethics requires not only firmness but great inner strength and character.

4. JUSTICE - PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of other so that they can fulfill their duties and exercise their
rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders, or in other capacities and to see to it that others do likewise.

5. HUMILITY - All PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the masters of the people and toward
this end; they should perform their duties without arrogance. They should also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations
as individuals and perform their duties without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.
6. ORDERLINESS - All PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to them to minimize waste in
the use of time, money and effort.

7. PERSEVERANCE - Once a decision is made, all PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve the goal even in the face of
internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken their resolve in the course of time.

CUSTOMS AND TRADITIONS

GENERAL STATEMENT - The PNP adopts the generally acceptable customs and traditions based on the desirable practices of the
police service. These shall serve as inspiration as the PNP endeavors to attain its goals and objectives.

DEFINITION OF TERMS:
1. CUSTOMS - established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the force of law.
2. TRADITIONS - bodies of beliefs, stories, and customs effect of an unwritten law.
3. COURTESY - a manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.
4. CEREMONY - a formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to special occasion.
5. SOCIAL DECORUM - a set of norms and standards practiced by members during socials and other functions.

POLICE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 21 OF 37

1. SALUTE - salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and recognizing persons entitled to a salute.
2. SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD - Members stand at attention and salute the national color and
standard as it pass by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during ceremonies.
3. ADDRESS/TITLE - Junior in rank address senior members who are entitled to salute with the word “Sir”.

4. COURTESY CALLS - THE FOLLOWING ARE THE CUSTOMS ON COURTESY CALLS:

A. COURTESY CALL OF NEWLY ASSIGNED APPOINTED MEMBER - PNP members, who are newly appointed or
assigned in a unit or command, call on the Chief of the Unit or Command and to other key personnel for accounting, orientation and other
purposes.
B. NEW YEAR’S CALL - PNP members pay a new year’s call on their commanders and/or key official in their respective areas of
responsibility.
C. PROMOTION CALL - Newly promoted PNP members call on their unit head. On this occasion, they are usually given duly
recognition and congratulations by their peers for such, deserved accomplishment.
D. EXIT CALL - PNP members pay an exit call on their superiors in the unit or command when relieves or reassigned out of the said
unit or command.
E. COURTESY OF THE POST - The host unit extends hospitality to visiting personnel who pay respect to the command or unit.
F. RANK HAS ITS OWN PRIVILEGE (RHIP) - PNP members recognize the practice that different ranks carry with them
corresponding privileges.

POLICE CUSTOM ON CEREMONIES

1. FLAG RAISING CEREMONY - The PNP members honor the flag by hoisting it and singing the National Anthem before the start
of the official day’s work.
2. FLAG LOWERING CEREMONY- At the end of the official day's work, the PNP members pause for a moment to salute the
lowering of the flag.
3. HALF-MAST - The flag is raised at half-mast in deference to deceased uniformed members of the command.
4. FUNERAL SERVICE AND HONORS - Departed uniformed members, retirees, war veterans or former PC/INP members are
given vigil, neurological services and graveside honors as a gesture of farewell.
5. CEREMONY TENDERED TO RETIREES - In recognition of their long, faithful and honorable service to the PNP, a testimonial
activity is tendered in their honor.
6. HONOR CEREMONY - Arrival and departure honor ceremonies are rendered to visiting dignitaries, VIPs, PNP officers with the
grade of Chief Superintendent and above and AFP officers of equivalent grade, unless waived.

7. TURN-OVER CEREMONY – The relinquishment and assumption of command or key position is publicly announced in a Turn-
Over Ceremony by the out-going and in-coming officers in the presence of the immediate superior or his representative. Outgoing
Commander/ Director should not leave his post without proper turn over. Turn over includes turnover of properties or equipment and
Human and material resources.

8. WEDDING CEREMONY – During marriage of PNP members, a ceremony is conducted with the participants in uniform and
swords drawn
9. ANNIVERSARY – The birth or institutional establishment of a command or unit is commemorated in an Anniversary Ceremony.
POLICE CUSTOMS ON SOCIAL DECORUM
1. PROPER ATTIRE – PNP members always wear appropriate and proper attire in conformity with the occasion.
2. TABLE MANNERS – PNP members observe table etiquette at all times.
3. SOCIAL GRACES – PNP members conduct themselves properly in dealing with people during social functions.
4. UNIFORM/APPEARANCE – The public looks upon PNP members as distinctively a man among men. It is a welcome sight
when PNP members wear their uniform properly wherever they may be. Since disciplined PNP members are best exemplified, by those
who are neat in appearance and wearing the prescribed uniform, they must therefore observe the FOLLOWING:
A. Wearing of prescribed uniform - Wearing as part of the uniform, awards and decorations earned in accordance with the prescribed rules
and regulations.
B. Adherence to haircut prescribed by rules and regulations.
5. MANNER OF WALKING – every PNP member is expected to walk with pride and dignity.

OTHER POLICE CUSTOMS

1. VISITING THE SICK – PNP members who are sick in the hospital, their residence or any place of confinement is visited by their
immediate commanders or other available officers of the unit in order that their needs are attended to.
2. SURVIVOR ASSISTANCE TO HEIRS OF DECEASED MEMBERS – When PNP members die, a survivor officer is
designated to render maximum assistance to their legitimate bereaved family until all benefits due shall have been received.
3. VISITING THE RELIGIOUS LEADERS – The PNP officers visit religious leaders in their area of assignment to establish or
maintain rapport and cooperation between the different religious leaders and the PNP.
4. ATHLETICS – All PNP members indulged in physical fitness activities to insure that their proper physical appearance and bearing
are maintained with the waist line measurement always smaller than the size of his chest and in conformity with the standard set forth by
organization.
5. HAPPY HOURS – Usually on Friday or any other day suitable for the occasion, PNP members gather together at their PNP club for
a light hearted jesting or airing of minor gripes.

TRADITION- Is a body of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to generation with the effect of an unwritten
law.
1. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS – The PNP members are traditionally religious and God loving persons. They attend religious services
together with the members of their family.

2. VALOR – History attests that the Filipino law –enforcers have exemplified the tradition of the valor in defending the country from
aggression and oppression. They sacrificed their limbs and lives for the sake of their countrymen whom they have pledged to serve.
3. PATRIOTISM – The PNP members are traditionally patriotic by nature. They manifest their love of country with a pledge of
allegiance to the flag and a vow to defend the Constitution.
4. DISCIPLINE – The discipline of PNP members are manifested by instinctive obedience to lawful orders and through spontaneous
actions towards attainment of organizational objectives guided by moral, ethical and legal norms.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 22 OF 37

5. GENTLEMANLINESS – The PNP members are upright in character, polite in manners, dignified in appearance, and sincere in
their concern to their fellowmen.
6. WORD OF HONOR – The PNP members’ word is their bond. They stand by and commit to uphold it.
7. DUTY – The PNP members have historically exemplified themselves as dedicated public servants who perform their tasks with a deep
sense of responsibility and self- sacrifice.
8. LOYALTY – The policemen are traditionally loyal to the organization, country and people as borne by history and practice.
9. CAMARADERIE – The binding spirit that enhances teamwork and cooperation in the police organization, extending to the people
they serve, is manifested by the PNP members deep commitment and concern to one another.

POLICE OFFICERS PLEDGE (POP)

1. I will love and serve God, my country and people;
2. I will uphold the Constitution and obey legal orders of the duly constituted authorities;
3. I will oblige myself to maintain high standard of morality and professionalism;
4. I will respect the customs and traditions of the police service; and
5. I will live a decent and virtuous life to serve as an example to others.

THE POLICE OFFICER’S PLEDGE SHOULD BE RECITED DURING THE FOLLOWING OCCASIONS.
1. Flag hoisting and flag lowering ceremonies, jointly with the Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag (Pannunumpa sa Watawat)
2. PNP Training/course opening and closing ceremonies.
3. Seminars on moral values internalization
4. Other ceremonies

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES
The rigid application of fundamental principles in police work is necessary to avoid human rights violation and maintain respect of the
profession, THEY ARE:
1. “The people have the responsibility to prevent and control crime, disorder and oppression by influential/political groups, abusive soldiers,
tyrannical policeman, and decadent society.”
2. “The police have the responsibility to recognize that the fulfillment of its functions is dependent upon community approval of its
existence, and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive support and participative cooperation.”
3. “The police have the responsibility to recognize that in order to secure and maintain the approval, support and cooperation of the public,
it has a collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance of the public in the task of securing observance of law.”
4. “The police have the responsibility to recognize that when the community cooperates and assists the police it diminishes proportionately
the need for the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving law enforcement objectives.”

CHAPTER II
POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR – R5)

INTRODUCTION:
The PNP as an organization is a part of the community it serves. Every police officer shall concern himself on maintaining a
meaningful relation with the community. In his daily activities, he is guided constantly by strong sense of responsibility, courtesy and
sincerity. Good service is often a matter of how a person presents himself to the public. Courtesy, however, must be coupled with firmness
in order to command respect.
Community relation is like a three-legged stool. Each leg is of an equal importance in holding the stool upright. One leg is public
relations in its traditional sense. Another leg is community service. The third leg is community participation, and this is facet of the total
community relations’ job that is being emphasized today in police and community relations program.
In effect, it involves an inter-professional or framework approach to a wide number and variety of community problems in which
the police and other social institutions have common stake. Stated otherwise, we learn from one another as we develop respect for those
who are in some ways different from ourselves.
This suggests that problem solving can be an exciting educational experience. It involves the idea of a police officer as a
community leader, profoundly engaged in the preventive policing that is the metabolism of effective police and community relations as
distinguish from tactical policing, concerned only with what is to be done after the fact of a prior or major disorder.
DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. POLICE – is a group of persons established, maintain and organized for keeping order, safety, protection of lives and properties and
for prevention and detection of crimes.
2. COMMUNITY – refers to the civilian populace in cities, municipalities or Public in general, and shall use interchangeably with
public, citizenry, society or private sectors.
3. POLICE IDEAL – is the expected essence of perfection, sympathetic, courteous intelligent honest and in control of his emotions
and temper at all times. It also includes courage and highest sense of dedication to duty.
4. PERSONAL MEDIA – Implies the use of rallies, meetings, speeches and house to house visits to the community.
5. MASS MEDIA – implies the use of radio, television and motion pictures in transmitting information to the public.
6. BARANGAY – is the basic political unit of Filipino nation that implements the policies of the national and local government.
7. PROPAGANDA – defined as the planned use of public or mass communication media.

POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS - It is the sum total of dealings between the police and the people it serves and whose
goodwill and cooperation it craves for the greatest possible efficiency in the service.

OBJECTIVES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS - The following are the main objectives of Community Relation from the viewpoint
of Law Enforcement and Community safety.
1. To maintain and develop the goodwill and confidence of the community for the people.
2. To obtain cooperation and assistance.
3. To develop public understanding and support and appreciation for the service of the people.
4. To create broader understanding and sympathy with the problems and needs of the public.
5. To facilitate law enforcement and community.
6. To build public opinion in favor of the police.
7. To achieve the Police purpose or preserving the peace, protection of life and property, and the prevention of crime.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 23 OF 37

TYPES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS - The basic ingredients in the effective observance of police community relation include
THE FOLLOWING:

A. PUBLIC INFORMATION PROGRAM- designed to bridge any communication gap between the police and public. Every PNP
unit is expected to conduct and develop a good workable public information program and this is the basic among the four programs of
community relation.

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED BY PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICERS

1. Conduct of barangay tanod seminars.
2. Conduct of barangay meetings to inform the barangay officials regarding trends and other police community problems.
3. Police station commanders assign a place in police station for barangay leaders so that they can work together and provide
coordination.
4. Produce and distribute brochures, advising the people on how to protect themselves in their homes and premises.
5. Conduct environment sanitation seminars.
6. Conduct troop information or educational and historical lectures in all units’ offices of Police districts.
7. Discuss with high school students and parents/teachers association about drug abuse prevention and control.
8. Conduct cleanliness, saturation or information drive where notices of such deficiencies are issued.
9. Established police counseling centers in zones/barangays to provide advice to barangay leaders on crime prevention and control.

B. PUBLIC RELATION PROGRAM- This is designed to maintain harmony and mutual support between the police and the
community. Every PNP unit from station level up to higher level shall have a Public Relations Officer to look after the Public relation
aspects of police work. The mission of PRO is to gain public support for police policies and to win citizen’s cooperation in the program and
procedure of the police station in order to facilitate the accomplishment of police task.

ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED BY PUBLIC RELATION OFFICER

1. Conduct face to face communications including dialogue with the public.
2. Attend social cultural activities of the barangay, such as birthdays, weddings, wake and others.
3. Attend multi-social ugnayans, which include religious sectors, schools, barangay civic organizations and government agencies.
4. Sending letters of appreciation to citizen whom assists the police in their work.
5. Conduct first aid and traffic safety education.
6. Promotion of manpower development for out of school youth.
7. Sponsorship of youth athletic activities.
8. Assist immediate in settling dispute at barangay level.

C. PSYCHOLOGICAL PROGRAM – This is designed to condition both friendly and hostile public thereby insuring facilitating the
attainment of police objectives. This program is designed to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes and behaviors of the community so
that they will behave in a manner beneficial to the police particularly the PNP in general, either directly or indirectly. It will condition the
citizenry to adhere to the laws of the land and dissuade them in committing crimes. These may be spoken, written, pictorial or musical
forms. These may be information ideas, doctrine, or special appeal disseminated to influence the opinion, emotions, attitudes or behavior
of specified group. It may through the publication of timely leaflets, pamphlets, slogan, billboards, and other media designed to improve
not only the PNP image but also individual members of the force. PNP personnel are in good position to conduct psychological operation
because of their direct contact with the people in their respective areas.
The police unit in the provinces knows the ideological temper and peculiarities, including the susceptibilities of the people in the
localities. Psychological direction should be an integral part of police operation because of the reason that, use of force cannot alone solve
the problems of dissidence and lawlessness. Police assigned in the Psychological Operation Program should be equipped with basic
knowledge on psychological principles and must devote time for “heart-to-heart” talk or dialogue with the people, particularly the youth.

ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED BY PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATION OFFICER;

1. Conduct seminars for barangay officials, police civic relation officers, school officials to enable them to understand home defense
activities.
2. Promote seminars among barangay leaders regarding community relation activities.
3. Identify income generating projects/activities.

TEACH- INS, LIVE- INS AND BARANGAY. To demonstrate the sincerity and concern of the PNP for the welfare of the people
in the community, and to make its Psychological Program effective, it may be necessary for appropriate members of PNP to conduct
“teach- in” and “live-in” within the community. These are particularly effective in the rural but could be practiced sparingly in the cities.
Teach-ins.

Members of the PNP assigned to conduct Psychological Operations may gather small group of residents, including persons of
influence in the community and give lectures or engage the group in forma l conversation. Individuals conducting the teach-in strive to
become intimate with the group to identify their personal problems and offer sincere suggestions on how to solve them, but always in
support to the police mission of eradicating crime and lawlessness. The lectures and conversations should take several hours and much
as possible extends up to nighttime. The termination of such teach-ins, the police conducting the same expect to gain personal friendship
and high credibility among the citizens in the community. These activities may be repeated in as many communities as are necessary,
with priority for places where the police find big obstacles in the accomplishment of its enforcement mission.

LIVE-INS. The live-ins is detailed and more extensive version of the teach-ins. Police officer assigned to conduct live-in should
preferably be a long time resident, if not native born citizen of the place where the live-in is conducted. The same techniques employed in
teach-ins may be used in the conduct of live-ins. The conductor resides with a resident of known probability and good reputation as a law
abiding citizen, for at least two days, depending upon the evaluation of the situation of the conductor. In this activity, it is necessary for the
conductor to bring his own food and not be a burden to the family with which he will live. He may help in the daily chores such as chopping
firewood, fetching water and accompanying the folks to church, social gathering during the live-in. The conductor of the live-in may go to
the extent where and when advisable, donating medicines from the PNP stocks and performing first aid. He should look into most urgent
problems of the family with whom he is conducting the live-ins in order to find out what assistance he could extend. The assistance may
have to take the form of a donation of vegetable seeds to the family, helping write letter to relatives, bank or official of the local/national
government to expedite monetary claim and others. Whatever be the problems of the family, the conductor of the live-ins seeks to see how

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 24 OF 37

he can help gain the best support with the family and eventually support the police. The conductor of live-ins should as much as possible,
involve members of neighboring families and other who wish to join, during the informal talks or family circle gathering.

THE BARANGAY. The barangay is the basic political unit of the Filipino nation that implements policies of national and local
governments. Next to family circle, it is necessary to involve the Barangay Chairman and the members of the Barangay Council in the
group with whom the teach-ins or live-ins is conducted. The Barangay Chairman, Barrio Captain, Barangay Leader and Barangay Council
members shall, within their respective districts or barrios, assist the regular police agencies in the maintenance of peace and order. For
this purpose, such officials, in addition to their other functions, discharge or perform THE FOLLOWING RESPONSIBILITIES
AND DUTIES.
1. To report immediately to the law enforcement/police authorities concerned, the occurrence of crime, accident, public disturbance or
public nuisance of which he has personal knowledge or which may brought to his attention.
2. To report immediately to the law enforcement/police authorities the presence of any unknown criminal or suspicious character in his
jurisdiction.
3. To conduct surveillance on suspicious activities or groups within his district or barrio and to report immediately to the police any positive
findings or information gathered.
4. To conduct surveillance of crime-breeding areas in the barangay and report his observation to the law enforcement officers.
5. To assist police authorities in tracing the whereabouts of missing persons, arresting escape prisoners and other fugitives from justice
and recovering stolen properties and confiscating contrabands.
6. To assist police authorities and other competent authorities in the service or the execution of warrant and other judicial processes.
7. To coordinate closely with and actively assist law enforcers in the drives against all forms of vice, smuggling, carnapping, drug addiction,
juvenile delinquency, violation of special laws and all other forms of lawlessness.

D. CIVIC ACTION PROGRAM – This program is designed to maintain and encourage community development. The CAP is an
activity that makes the police officer a friend and partner of the people for progress as well as their defender. It can range upward from
basic individual act of courtesy of self-help, up to major engineering projects. The CAP shall be concerned with Public welfare consistent
with law enforcement duties. As a law enforcer, he should also be involved in the development and promotion of program and projects that
would enhance the public image of the police not only as the guardian of the peace but also initiator of meaningful activities on promoting
the social and economic interest of the community.
ACTIVITIES IMPLEMENTED BY CIVIC ACTION OFFICER
1. Conduct of free reflexology programs.
A. Assist the Philippines National Red Cross on blood donation campaign by exerting extra effort in appealing to barangay officials.
B. Conduct free medical and dental civic action community.
C. Conduct frees deforming of affected children in depressed areas.
D. Assisting the citizens in case of transportation strike and other similar cause.
E. Develop and maintain cleanliness and beautification of surroundings.
F. Attend to backyard gardening, tree planting and greening projects.

THE MAJOR STRUCTURE COMPONENTS OF PCR

1. POLICE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION- Are communication activities utilizing the various forms of media geared
towards creating consciousness and awareness among target audience on facts and issues vital to the development of an efficient,
respected and supported police force.

2. POLICE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS - Are activities outside law enforcement but which necessitates PNP support and or
participation, the end result of which ultimately contribute to better appreciation and an enhanced support to the PNP in whole in part by
the populace.

THE SUBCOMPONENT OF POLICE INFORMATION AND EDUCATION

1. COMMUNITY INFORMATION- Community Information are activities utilizing the various forms of media directed towards the
public at large designed to increase their consciousness and knowledge of facts and issues for purpose of enhancing law enforcement,
counter insurgency and crime prevention efforts, increasing crime solution efficiency to include weakening of the will of the criminal
elements and insurgents and enlightening other groups of individual critical to the government in general and the police organization in
particular.

2. INSTITUTIONAL INFORMATION - Institutional Information are activities utilizing the various forms of media directed towards
the public at large designed to generate trust, confidence and popular support for the PNP or simply enhancing public perception and
knowledge about the PNP as an institution of the government.
THE SUBCOMPONENT OF POLICE COMMUNITY AFFAIRS
1. COMMUNITY ASSISTANCE AND DEVELOPMENT- these are activities outside the field of the law enforcement under
taken upon the initiative of the PNP unit of personnel for the purpose of enhancing life as a means of drawing the support, appreciation and
support of the public towards the PNP.
EXAMPLES:
1. Skills, Livelihood, Cooperative Development
2. Sports, Socio cultural Development
3. Medical, Dental Outreach Services
4. Tree Planting

2. COMMUNITY INTER RELATIONS- these are activities outside the field of law enforcement under taken upon the initiative of
other government agencies- governmental organization, and or individual citizens whereby a PNP unit or personnel actively contributes
time, money and or service as a means of drawing the support, appreciation, and cooperation of the public towards the PNP in whole or in
part.

3. COMMUNITY ORGANIZATION AND MOBILIZATION- these are activities revolving around the accreditation of existing
groups or creation of new ones with the end in view of having allies within various sectors in the community who could be tapped to assist
the conduct of law services. Community works and the like.

THE COMPONENTS OF THE COMPREHENSIVE PCR PLAN AND ITS OBJECTIVES:

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 25 OF 37

 The two components of the plan are, INTERNAL REFORM and GAINING OF INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT. The aim is to
improve the image of the PNP and reassure the general public that they can depend on the PNP to be their protector and guardian in order
to hasten and facilitate community mobilization for anti-crime efforts.

A. NET WORKING OPERATIONS: “THE CONCEPT OF EXECUTION”

THE FOLLOWING INSTITUTIONS SHALL BE THE PRIORITY TARGET:

1. CONGRESS: Congress being the law making body is one of the vital governmental institutions that can support the PNP. The PNP
must master enough support from Congress so that laws needed to enhance its capabilities to safeguard peace and order of the
community and ensure public safety as well as laws on organizational development and modernization maybe enacted.
THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES MAY BE TAKEN:
ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL LIAISON WORK: The Directorate for PCR shall maintain a liaison office with Congress whose
main task is monitor, get the pulse, actively interact and possibly influence lawmakers on matters affecting the PNP. Since relationship
with this institution must be symbolic then this office shall also be responsible in giving general, special, technical assistance to Congress
as pertains to the PNP.

TOP HIERARCHY LEVEL LIAISON WORK: Top leadership of the command shall conduct regular Face to Face dialogues
with key members of the Congress as well as different Congressional Committees handling PNP affairs in order to present for their
appreciation and support on matters affecting the PNP.
2. THE MEDIA: The media unquestionably is the most powerful instrument in forming public opinion. Hence, there is the need to
generate support from this institution of our society. Specific activities to be taken with respect to this institution are the following:
A. Development of guidelines on Media—PNP relationship. In brief, these guidelines shall form the basis of the PNP as an organization as
well as of its individual personnel dealing with the media.
B. Providing timely and accurate information through press releases, regular conference, daily bulletins, and attendance to talk show and
similar programs.
C. Giving the media reasonable accessibility to source of information in accordance with the existing security regulations.
D. Improvement of rapport with media through non-law enforcement activities such as sports, outing parties and the like.
E. Giving of special awards by the PNP to deserving media personalities.

3. THE CHURCH: Another important institution of our society is the church, especially in opinion building in predominantly God living
and God fearing country such as ours. The opinion of church leaders, carry much weight among the religious people. It need not
underscore that a pastoral letter read throughout the country carry great impact.
a. relationship or union (liaison) with important church personalities.
b. monitoring and assessment
c. special activities
4. THE STUDENTS/ SCHOOL: Another big and important institution of society whose support, sympathy (understanding) and
empathy (personality projection) when properly exploited will provide the PNP a potentiality.
a. Effective liaison work (union) with key school authorities
b. Monitoring and assessment
c. Involvement and support in different school activities such:
1. Drug education program
2. Crime prevention program
3. Immunization and vaccination program
4. Organization of Junior Police
5. Medical/Dental outreach program in coordination with DEPED/DOH

5. COMMUNITY/NGO: Another institution of the society that plays a vital role in enhancing the PNP image. They are composed of
society people having common rights and privileges, common interest and aspiration formally organized but at times most determinative of
the outcome of an issue.

PUBLIC INFORMATION AND PROPAGANDA OPERATIONS:

1. ON INTERNAL SECURITY: Intensified information on evils of the ideology and actual terrorist operations through regular
issuance of press releases. The editors or columnists should enhanced utilization of the tri-media to write, print and broadcast.

2. ON CRIME PREVENTION:/LAW ENFORCEMENT

a. Sustained information drive on how the public can reach public assistance. (KKDAT)
b. Strengthen public and the utilization of the tri-media especially on modus operandi, safety and the like.

3. ON PUBLIC SAFETY:
a. Intensified information drive on pre disaster preparedness.
b. Support information drive on how to get government assistance when affected by calamity or disaster.
c. Intensified information campaign to generate awareness and sympathy for the victims of calamities and disasters with the aim of gaining
relief goods and other support to them.

CONDUCTING INTERNAL REFORMS:

1. Continuous Values Orientation and Skill development of the PNP personnel: Intensification of police education and values orientation.
Internalization of the Code of Ethics and Professional Standard of the PNP; Moral and Spiritual values and basic courtesies relative to law
enforcement.

2. Unrelenting (not forgiving) cleanup of the organization of misfits, criminal elements, and leaders with low potential. Entails the
continuous investigation, suspension or dismissed of misguided and erring police officers at all level. More on OPLAN PAGBABAGO.

3. Not forgiving effort to brighten up the physical appearance of the PNP facilities and vehicle. Sprucing (dressing up or arranging it neatly)
up of all police station or offices to create a public friendly atmosphere therein and the exercise of proper care.

CAMPAIGN FEEDBACK AND EVALUATION SYSTEM (CFES)

BASES OF GIVING RATING TO THE PERFORMANCE OF THE PNP ARE THE FOLLOWING:
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 26 OF 37
1. UNIT VISITATION: This system involved the conduct of scheduled and run scheduled visits by personnel of this directorate to
check into performance, appearance and behavior of police personnel and the state of PNP facilities and vehicles.

2. SURVEYS: Involves the conduct of random surveys by the PR (Public Relation) or private agencies to determine the public
perception of a particular PNP unit or office.
3. RECORDS: Involves the submission and analysis of periodic reports and special reports by PNP units as required.
4. INTERVIEWS: Involves the conduct of casual and or structural interviews of selected individuals who can provide insight on the
current state of police community relation. Example is the consultation with the barangay leader.
5. MEDIA ANALYSIS: Involves the monitoring of reports, stories commentaries printed or aired by mass media practitioners to
determine perception of individuals who are considered as effective molders of public opinion.
IMPACT OF POOR PCR TO THE PUBLIC
a. Will not report the occurrence of crimes.
b. Will not come forward and provide information.
c. Will be uncooperative or will not assist in the apprehension of criminals.
d. Will not be supportive of police activities
e. Will not testify in court voluntarily
f. May even aid the criminals

IMPACT OF POOR PCR TO POLICE OFFICERS

a. Becomes less judicious and less discreet
b. Reluctant to act on some matters needing police action
c. Induce unnecessary use of force
d. Induce verbal abuse
e. Induce improper practices
f. Makes an officer isolated and unhappy in his community
g. Diminishes his sense of fulfillment
LIMITATIONS:
a. Lukewarm attitude of some
b. Inadequate general and technical support for PCR
c. Lack of qualified/trained personnel for assignment with PCR units
d. Enhancement of linkages between PCR units and other PNP units
PUBLIC RELATION - It is a program designed to make the public aware of what the agency is doing, why and how it contributes to
the welfare of the community.

TYPES OF PUBLIC RELATION:

1. PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAM- familiarizing the public with the true nature of police operations.
THE FOLLOWING ARE PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS:
A. MOBILE VANS- certain variety of display and exhibit of police equipment, which help to explain to the public what the police do and
how they do it.
B. DISPLAYS AND EXHIBITS- set up in department stores, shopping centers, and other public locations are popular ways in which
the police can bring their messages to the public.
C. INFORMATIVE MATERIALS- distribution of pamphlets or brochures, which are designed to explain their services to the public.
D. OPEN HOUSE- conducted during times of the year such as police week, or law observance week, public tours of facility.
E. PUBLIC SPEAKERS- provide speakers for various types of public gatherings such as civic clubs, businessmen, associations and
social groups.
F. RIDE ALONG- permits number of the community to ride in a police car with an officer and observed field operations.

2. INFORMATION PROGRAMS- providing the public with information, this is directly related to the interest and needs of the
community.
THE FOLLOWING ARE INFORMATION PROGRAMS:
A. NEW ARRIVALS- making some members of the community feels at home in their new surroundings.
B. TRAFFIC ADVISORY REPORTS- coordinate with the media in announcing important traffic matters such as road accidents,
highway construction and traffic congestion.
C. INFORMATIONAL BUREAUS- information about such things as renewal of drivers licenses, payments of utility bills, availability
of legal services and other items.
D. INFORMATIONAL BROCHURES- provide the public with booklets, pamphlets and other types of publications which contain
information of community interest.

3. IMAGE BUILDING PROGRAM- promoting programs, which are designed to create a more favorable public image of the police.
THE FOLLOWING ARE THE IMAGE BUILDING:
a. Citizens awards e. Recruit Visitation Programs
b. Police Color Guard f. Community Events
c. Police Citizens Luncheons g. Gifts packages
d. Operational Handshake
DUTIES OF THE PUBLIC RELATIONS OFFICERS:
1. To evaluate public opinion and attitudes with respect to the policies, methods and personnel of the police station.
2. To advice the police station commander with regard to the public relations aspects of new or revised departmental programs, policies,
procedures and activities
3. To plan and to carry out programs aimed at keeping the public informed on police activities and
4. To provide staff supervision of all police activities that may influence public support.

NEED FOR PUBLIC SUPPORT

The ultimate objective of police community relations is to influence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of the public
so that they will behave in a manner beneficial to the unit, in particular, and the PNP in general either directly or indirectly, and to solicit
public support in order to make it easier for the police accomplish their task successfully.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 27 OF 37

FOUNDATION OF PUBLIC RELATIONS:
Public relations are basically founded on the GOLDEN RULE: Do not do unto others what you do not want others do unto you.
PUBLIC RELATIONS ARE ALSO FOUNDED ON THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS:
1. Live and let die
2. Give before you seek to get
3. Give what is due to others
4. See the other person’s side
4. Respect so you would be respected
PRINCIPLES OF POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS:
Every member of the PNP shall adhere to the following principles of police community RELATIONS:
A. PUBLIC SUPPORT MUST BE MAINTAINED. Every policeman shall be worthy of the public’s high trust if he does his job
well and leaves nothing unaccomplished through carelessness. He shall appear able and willing to serve all.
B. PUBLIC RESENTMENT MUST BE AVOIDED. The policeman shall always bear in mind the interest of the public and shall
develop friendly relations by his good conduct. He shall avoid any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or cause inconvenience to any
individual.
C. PUBLIC GOODWILL MUST BE DEVELOPED. The policeman must be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals in the
solutions of their problems.
D. THE PUBLIC MUST BE KEPT INFORMED ON REGULATIONS AND POLICIES. The police must inform the public
on the regulations and policies of the police forces and the reason for their adoption.

PEACE OFFICER’S INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC RELATIONS

The peace officer’s individual public relations are divided into five categories, NAMELY:
1. DOMESTIC RELATIONS – this consist of a person’s dealing with his family, parents and immediate relatives, with whom he has
to have good relationship in order to develop a respectable family prestige as well as cordial community relations.
2. NEIGHBORHOOD RELATIONS – this consist of a person’s dealing with neighbor who constitute a vital link to good reputation
in the community.

3. COMMUNITY RELATIONS – this is made up of a person’s dealing with the citizens of the community, city or town where a
person likes, his membership or contribution to civil undertakings and his membership or contribution to the civic organization or
community associations in the locality.
4. CHURCH RELATION – this consist of a person’s dealing with religious affiliation is necessary for the stability of moral principle.
5. GOVERNMENT RELATIONS – this is made up of the dealings, which a person has with the government and its various
instrumentalities. The recognition of government authorities, its laws and ordinance, as well as other public responsibilities, are significant
phases of an individual’s public relations.

THE PEACE OFFICER’S PROFESSIONAL PUBLIC RELATION:

The peace officer’s professional public relations are divided into EIGHT (8) CATEGORIES, NAMELY:
1. INTRA- DEPARTMENTAL RELATION- this is made up of the peace officers relations with the officers and men of his own
department, his supervisor, the station commander, as well as the city/municipal mayor where he is assigned.

2. INTER- DEPARTMENTAL RELATIONS – relations with other police agencies are evident in his cooperation’s and dealings
with the PNP and other law enforcement agencies of the government.
3. CITIZEN’S RELATIONS – this includes all dealings or contact with the citizens in relations to the enforcement of the law and the
maintenance of peace and order, together with the giving of information to the public or criminal and non-criminal activities.
4. COMPLAINTS RELATIONS – this includes how officer deals with complaints, the techniques of interview he uses, the manner of
approach he adopts, the treatment of witnesses as well as informers.

5. RELATIONS WITH ACCUSED PERSONS – this covers the proper treatment of suspects, the recognition of their constitutional
rights during custodial investigation and the handling of accused persons during confinement.

6. RELATIONS WITH STATE PROSECUTOR- this includes a police officer’s duty to cooperate during preliminary
investigations and the gathering of further evidence, once the case is, filed by the fiscal.
7. JUDICIAL RELATIONS – this consists of the peace officer’s duties toward the courts when appearing as a witness and the
honesty of his testimony.

SUPPLYING INFORMATION TO THE PUBLIC: The police should be alert to assist the public in every way possible. Citizens
invariably turn to the police for information, and the police should be prepared to supply it. The headquarters staff and all other members
of the police station should know the geography of the city/ town and surrounding areas, the principal highways, the direction and distance
to nearby towns, the location of prominent buildings, parks, and schools and the schedules and routes of the transportation system.

RECEIVING COMPLAINTS FROM CITIZENS: When a citizen calls at the police station or approaches a policeman on the
streets to make a complaint, he should be accorded a suitable reception. The police officer must adopt an attractive manner; his attitude
must be alert, his face and voice must be pleasant, and he must appear interested in the subject at hand. Timid citizens often dread police
officers should make great effort to place these timid citizens at ease.
THE COMPLAINT DESK OFFICER: The complaint desk officer should be alert at his desk and avoid ignoring a timid citizen. As
soon as he sees a person approaching, unless he is busy with another citizen, he sees a person approaching, unless he is busy with
another citizen, he should immediately offer his service by posing a simple question such as “ May I do something for, Sir/Ma’am?” to
demonstrate his sincerity. If possible, there should also be a woman employee at the desk to handle complaints from women who may be
timid about approaching a male officer. This employee need not be a policeman; a clerical employee may be stationed at the complaint
desk for this purpose.

FULL ATTENTION SHOULD BE GIVEN TO COMPLAINT: A person who approaches a policeman for assistance should
be given ample opportunity to tell his story. The officer can sometimes assist with intelligent questions, evidence of sympathy, and
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 28 OF 37
assurance of aid. But he should not needlessly interrupt the explanation of the complainant. The citizen gets the impression that the
police are not interested in his complaint when the officers’ attention appears to be diverted to other matters. The impression of inattention
and a lack of interest may be avoided if the officer focuses his attention on the citizen while receiving the complaint. He should also take
down notes. Even though the information offered may be of title or no real importance or interest to the police, the officer should treat it
with respect and consideration because it is concern to the citizen. Should the subject matter require the attention of some other division
of the police station, the citizen should be referred to that office, but in such a manner to avoid any doubt as to the officer’s interest in the
citizen and his complaint.

RECEIVING COMPLAINTS AND CRITICISM AGAINST THE POLICE: Citizens sometimes complain to patrol officer
regarding police station policies and programs over which the patrol officer exercises no control. The unfairness of making such criticisms
to a patrol officer is quite apparent. They are usually made for the effect they have on the officer who receives them rather than in the
expectation of corrective action. Such complaints should be referred to the proper authorities for audience or if permitted, the officer may
refer the complaint immediately to his superior officer. Sincere citizens sometimes make an earnest effort to offer information and
suggestions of value to the police. These should be accepted in the spirit in which they are offered, with graciousness and appreciation
even though the subject matter may be infuriating.

LEGITIMATE COMPLAINTS AGAINST POLICE OFFICERS: The police station itself influences the attitudes of both the
police and the public. The public does not react favorably to an ill-smelling dank, poorly kept, and unclean police station; neither to the
police officers themselves. While the police may have little choice in the location and arrangement of their headquarters they do have the
opportunity and the responsibility to maintain them in a clean and presentable condition. Paint of a light color can usually be obtained and
trusty labor is usually available for painting, cleaning and janitorial services. The officers should give a business-like appearance in their
furnishings and in their freedom from trash miscellaneous unsightly articles. There should be a place when not in actual use. The top of
desks and filing cabinets should be kept free of papers and boxes. Storeroom space be provided so that no material in boxes or
otherwise, will need to be stored on the floors and in the corners of offices.
THE KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY
ROLE OF BARANGAY. As the basic unit of government, the barangay serves as the primary planning and implementing unit of
state policies, plans, programs, projects and activities in the community, and a forum wherein the collective view of the people are
expressed, crystallized and considered, and where dispute may be amicably settled.

SUBJECT MATTER FOR AMICABLE SETTLEMENT EXCEPTION THEREIN. The Lupon of each Barangay shall
have the authority to bring together the parties actually residing in the same city or municipality for amicable settlement of all disputes
except.
A. WHERE ONE PARTY IS THE GOVERNMENT OR ANY SUBDIVISION OR INSTRUMENTALITY
THEREOF.

a. Where one party is a public officer or employee and the dispute relates to the performance of his official functions.
b. Offenses punishable by imprisonment exceeding one (1) year or a fine exceeding five thousand pesos.
c. Offenses where there is no private offended party.
d. Where the dispute involved real properties located in the different cities or municipalities unless the parties agree to submit their
differences to amicable settlement by an appropriate lupon.
e. Disputes involving parties who actually reside in the barangay of different cities or municipalities, except where such barangay units
adjoin each other and the parties thereto agree to submit their differences to amicable settlement by an appropriate lupon.
f. Such other disputes which the president may determine in the interest of Justice or upon recommendation of the Secretary of Justice.

DEFINITION OF VENUE –
Dispute between persons actually residing in the same barangay shall be brought for amicable settlement before the lupon of
said barangay. Those involving actual residents, of different barangay within the same city or municipality shall be brought in the
respondents actually resides, at the selection of the complainants.
a. All disputes involving real property or nay interest shall be brought in the barangay where the real property or the larger portion thereof is
situated; and
b. Those arising at the work place where the contending parties are employed or at the institution where such parties are enrolled for study
shall be brought in the barangay where such workplace or institution is located.
Objection to venue shall be raised in the mediation proceeding before the punong barangay; otherwise the same be deemed
waived. Any legal question which may confront the punong barangay in resolving objections to venue herein referred to may be submitted
to the Secretary of Justice or his duly designated representative whose ruling thereon shall be binding.

CONCILIATION
A. PRE-CONDITION TO FILING OF COMPLAINT IN COURT.
No complaint petition, action, or proceeding involving any matter within the authority of the lupon shall be filed or instituted
directly in the court or any government office for adjudication, unless there has been a confrontation between the parties before the lupon
chairman or the pangkat and that the lupon secretary has attested to the lupon chairman or pangkat and that no reconciliation or
settlement reached as certified by the lupon secretary as attested to by the lupon chairman or pangkat chairman or unless the settlement
has been repudiated by the parties thereto.

B. WHERE PARTIES MAY GO DIRECTLY TO COURT. The parties may go directly to court in the FOLLOWING
INSTANCES:
WHERE THE ACCUSED IS UNDER DETENTION.
1. Where a person has otherwise been deprived of personal liberty calling for habeas corpus proceedings.
2. Where actions are coupled with provisional remedies such as preliminary injunction, attachment, delivery of personal property,
and support pendants life; and
3. Where the action may, otherwise be barred by the statute of limitation.

C. CONCILIATION AMONG MEMBERS OF INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIES - The customs and

traditions of indigenous cultural communities shall be applied in settling dispute between members of the cultural communities.
PRINCIPLE OF COMMUNITY RELATION
Every member of the PNP shall adhere to the following principles of POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS:

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 29 OF 37

1. COMMUNITY SUPPORT MUST BE MAINTAINED.
a. Every police shall be worthy of the public high trust by doing his job and leaving nothing through carelessness.
b. He shall make himself available and be willing to serve everyone.

2. COMMUNITY RESENTMENT MUST BE AVOIDED.

a. Every policeman shall have in mind the interest of the public.
b. He shall develop friendly relations by his good conduct.
c. He shall avoid any occasion to humiliate, embarrass, annoy or inconvenience anyone.
3. COMMUNITY GOODWILL MUST BE DEVELOPED - A police should be courteous, fair and quick to assist individuals in
the solution of their problems.
4. COMMUNITY MUST BE KEPT INFORMED - The police should inform the community of the regulations and policies of the
police force and the reasons of their adoption.
THE MANY COMMUNITIES IN COMMUNITY RELATIONS
Each of these communities, and others, will receive individual attention. At this point, however, it is important to recognize a few
of the many communities that make up the environment in which police work. Each has a distinct way with police and with each other.
Each community must be a part of police-community relations if it is to be truly effective.

1. EXTERNAL COMMUNITIES
A. THE JUSTICE COMMUNITY – other police agencies, jurisdiction, courts, and corrections departments existing at many levels
of government are a part of the justice community with which police must interact. The nature of the relationship between police and
members of the justice community has a direct impact on police effectiveness in achieving their goals. A lack of coordination,
communication, and mutual respect within this community, or system, is legendary. Community relations include relations with this
community as a whole and with its individual members.

B. THE HUMAN SERVICES COMMUNITY – The human services umbrella includes many public and private social service
resources mental health general services. Media civic and religious groups and educational services. Mutual support and availability or
services may be lacking because of poor police-community relations. Keeping the peace may depend upon access to coordination of such
resources.

C. CITIZENS AND THE POLICE – Peel’s Principles states that “the police must secure the willing cooperation of the public in
voluntary observance of the law to be able to secure and maintain public respect.” Part of the police community relations is, understanding
the public the police serve and having the public understand the police. The public is composed of people with varying needs and hopes,
who live in a changing society and bring to the society conflicting values and cultural rules. The police agency is relatively closed,
somewhat secretive, and vague as to what the police role and citizen role should be. Citizen participation in policing, particularly in crime
prevention aspects has increased in recent years.

2. INTERNAL COMMUNITIES
A. THE PERSONAL SUPPORT COMMUNITY – The officer’s support group, both in the sense of family system and close
personal relationships, affect the officer’s perspective and effectiveness. The officer has an impact on the support group as well. This
relationship may be one of the most critical in determining the officer’s ability to cope with the human experience of being a cop. It may
also determine to a large degree how the individual officer will relate with other communities.

B. THE POLICE COMMUNITY – The police officer as a member of the police agency and police structure must also be
considered. It is this community that can determine whether police-community relations outside the agency will be supported or
undermined both as a matter of policy and practice. The first positive relationship that must formed effective community relations, in a
larger sense that is to be accomplished is, within the agency itself.

FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS – The foundation of good community relations is efficient service. No amount of publicity
can cover up inefficiency or poor public service of the police. The requirements for good community relations are;
(1) Sincerity in serving the public,
(2) Full knowledge of the job,
(3) Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a necessary service to promote individual or national welfare,
(4) Sound police ethics, and
(5) High standard of management and operation.

HOW TO REGAIN AND MAINTAIN THE TRUST AND CONFIDENCE

1. The police should be people oriented to recognize the divergence of people and yet capable to be working together with them for a
common good. Being good is not enough; you must show it by the way you perform your job and by the state of discipline of every officer
and men in the police station or similar unit.
2. The command must increase the personnel assigned to patrol division in line with the police visibility program and to make them
available to provide police assistance at any time.
3. Requesting the community to assist in identifying the scalawags in uniform as a basis for giving immediate disciplinary action against
them.
4. The policeman should closely coordinate with the business community to identify areas where police presence is needed.
5. Conduct in-depth study and to initiate the immediate assignment of police to every barangay to serve the public needs and to call upon
residents and oversee their well-being.

POLICE AND THE COMMUNITY – The PNP program of growth includes the development of the essential attribution of all its
members. EVERY POLICE THUS:
1. Shall be loyal to the service, which he belong and is proud of.
2. Shall be sympathetic and display the ability to feel the suffering of other people.
3. Shall be confident in his ability to know the job and do it well.
4. Shall dispose of and act on all cases correctly.
5. Shall guard against harsh judgment from opinion in advance.
6. Shall be courteous to the community at any place and on any occasion.
7. Shall demonstrate strong faith in what he is doing.
8. Shall not sulk in the face of danger but with his mental conviction and physical strength.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 30 OF 37
9. Shall maintain an attitude of enthusiasm, dedication, zeal and pride in his work.
0. Shall be tact in his dealing with people of the community.
11. Shall be firm and unyielding but not officious in dealing with people.
12. Shall be serious and purposeful but not officious in dealing with people.
13. Shall genuinely be interested to his task.
14. Shall avoid unwarranted practice or situation that will endanger him.
15. Shall be patient when the situation demands.

A. MORAL AND ESPRIT DE CORPS –The reputation that the police service bears with the community is built upon favorable
community relationship and express by community. Confidence in the continued constructive accomplishment is only possible when the
internal strength of the organization is assured. There must be high morale among the members of the PNP reflected in their esprit de
corps and spring from their genuine loyalty and noble faith in the policies and objective of their organization.

B. MUST HAVE EXACTING AND EXEMPLARY CONDUCT – The police by reason of their specific responsibility are
bound to more exacting code than any other public servant. Delinquents in conduct that pass unchallenged when committed by other
public officials are acts that are accepted as common place in judging the conduct of the citizens, adjudge as reprehensible when
committed by policeman.

C. POLICE MUST UNDERSTAND – Policeman’s duty is to regulate the conduct and administers to the needs of the people of all
walks of life. The rich and the poor, the old and the young, the weak and the strong, the literate and the illiterate are equally entitled to and
assured the protection of law.

D. POLICE INFLUENCE OVER THE COMMUNITY - the community looks upon the policeman as representative of the
authority of law. It is obvious therefore, that influence of the policeman over the community is increased by reason of the authority they
personify. Policeman must be careful that the influence of their authority does not become oppressive in their relationship with the
community particularly in situations of stress and excitement.
E. PRACTICE OF COURTESY – courtesy is more than friendliness. To appreciate sincerity habitually performed acts of courtesy
requires cultivation of appearance, voice, manner, intelligence, humor, temperament and unselfishness that are easily appreciated by the
people. All of these factors commingle in the production of a gentleman in principle and in conduct. Compassionate but firm and earnestly
interested without being over solicitous.

F. COURTEOUS TREATMENT OF LAW VIOLATOR- numerous contacts with anti-social persons are likely to cause the
policeman to assume an attitude of veneer hardness. They often entertain erroneous belief that courteous treatment of law violators is an
indication of weakness, cringing or servility.
Policeman may be firm and exacting in the enforcement of the law, they may be strict and relentless in their relationship with the
offender that come under their control, yet remain propitious and gentleman in their bearing. The fact that a criminal, by reason of their
depravity or because of his anti-social acts has not earned the respect of his fellowmen has no bearing upon the conduct of the policeman
with whom he is brought into contact.

G. LEADERSHIP – true leadership is personal it is a psychological balance showing a well-integrated personality. It is difficult to
enumerate the specific characteristics that combine in the personality of a true leader, because individuals differ in their viewpoint and
reaction.
The public is a willing body of people who ask little more of a leader with qualities that will command their respect, loyalty and
obedience. The qualities that seem most common on persons who command public respect and confidence are those that rate highly in
influencing positive character of his men.

A GOOD LEADER SHOULD POSSESS THE FOLLOWING QUALITIES:

1. SELF-CONFIDENCE – is faith to oneself, and it is predicated upon knowledge, still in applying knowledge, and in the ability and
willingness to pass one’s knowledge for the benefits of the others. It is in fact a state of mental satisfaction that arises from being able to
put the possession of knowledge to constructive use.

2. PATERNALISM – is a quality found in policeman who is mindful of the welfare of others. It is basic to police leadership because
community welfare is the primordial responsibility of police.

3. FAIRNESS AND HONESTY – impartial application of laws and regulations, fairness and honesty in exercising the police authority
are powerful force in insuring community respect for police service.

4. SELF-SACRIFICE – It is inescapable fact that to contemplate a situation without bias requires first a complete subordination of self.
Effective police work requires the utmost self-sacrifice; policeman who is selfishly impressed with their authority cannot succeed as leader.

5. DECISIVE- Initiative and decisiveness are characteristics of man who acts correctly at the proper time. The ability to act decisively
and correctly is a manifestation or thorough preparation and interest in the appreciation of the task at hand. The ability of policeman to
meet emergencies with propriety and decision has no profound effect upon shaping favorable community opinion.

6. PERSONAL DIGNITY- It is an indicative of a policeman’s appreciation of the honor of his position. It is an excellent manifestation
of his “esprit de corps” and is a powerful factor in creating community respect.
7. PHYSICAL AND MORAL COURAGE- The community assumes that police officers are physically courageous, yet courage is
not thoroughly understood by most citizens. True courage is that state of devotion to duty that will give police officers the moral stamina
impelling them to the performances of duty even in the face of full knowledge of the dangers involved. Moral courage means that police
officer to assume responsibility of their office without quibbling, stand up for their conviction without attempting to shift or evade the
personal criticism.

8. MORAL ASCENDANCY- It is the influence that one- person exercises over a group of persons by reason of exemplary nature of
his character. It arises out of withstand the hardship of the work, sincerity of purpose that manifest its willingness to personally adhere,
without equivocation, to the same standards of conduct that he is duty bound to enforce upon other.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 31 OF 37

H. DEPENDABILITY AND PUNCTUALITY – The police officer should be able to serve at the right place and the right time. All
the skills and abilities that a police officer possesses are of little value unless he can defend upon to apply his skill at the proper time.

I. ATTITUDE IN TRIAL COURT – Police officers attending court sessions in whatever capacity, shall not only appear in proper
attire, but should also observe the following behavior while in the witness stand, to wit:
1. He must say nothing but the truth. 6. He must maintain his temper.
2. He must be calm. 7. He must be attentive to the questions to be answered.
3. He must be prepared. 8. He must speak loud enough to be heard
4. He must be courteous. 9. He must be conscious of his personal appearance.
5. He must be natural and straightforward.

J. APPEARING AS A WITNESS
1. WITNESS IN CRIMINAL CASE - Police officer shall, when subpoenaed as a witness in a criminal case, promptly notify his
immediate chief. No members of the PNP shall be a witness in such capacity without the service of a proper subpoena.
2. WITNESS IN CIVIL CASE - No member of the PNP shall testify in civil cases unless summoned to do so by proper authority.
3. ACTION AFTER COURT ATTENDANCE- A member of the PNP attending court session under subpoena/summon or other
processes as a witness, shall after having been released there from for the day, immediately report to their superior officer.

WEAKNESSES OF THE MEMBERS OF PNP

1. MISPLACED LOYALTY - The loyalty is on the fellow officers not on the government and the people they serve.
2. CYNICISM - Police view all citizens with suspicion, weak, corrupt, and dangerous.
3. THE USE OF FORCE - The police sometimes embrace force for all situations wherein a threat is perceived.
4. “THE POLICE AS VICTIMS” MENTALITY - This concept is based on the idea that the police are victims of public
misunderstanding and scorn, of low wages and self-serving administrators.
5. PREFERENTIAL APPLICATION OF THE LAW - Decisions about whether to enforce the law, in any but the most serious
cases, should be guided by what the law says and who the suspect is.
6. “THE POLICE AS UNTOUCHABLES” - A police officer should find a safe way to impose punishment, including an arrest on
fake charges.
7. REWARDS - Police do very dangerous work for low wages, so it is proper to take any extra rewards the public wants to give them.
One theory is that it is acceptable to accept any type of reward as long as it was given wholeheartedly by an individual to a police officer.
This rationalization was even given a term: LAUGHING MONEY.
8. DUE PROCESS - It is only a means of protecting criminals at the expense of the law abiding and should be ignored whenever it is
safe to do so.
9. LYING AND DECEPTION - Lying and deception are an essential part of the police job, and even perjury should be used if it is
necessary to protect yourself or get a conviction on a “bad guy”.

**********************************GLOSSARY**********************************************
REMEMBER THE FOLLOWING: POLICE ETHICS, VALUES AND POLICE COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR)

PNP PHILOSOPHY
1. Service 3. Justice
2. Honor

PNP CORE VALUES

1. Makadios (God-Fearing)
2. Makabayan (Nationalistic)
3. Makatao (Humane)

ETHICAL ACTS TO BE OBSERVED BY PNP MEMBERS

1. Morality 5. Humility
2. Judicious use of authority 6. Orderliness
3. Integrity 7. Perseverance
4. Justice
SOME IMPORTANTS DEFINITION OF TERMS
1. CUSTOMS - Established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the
force of law.

2. TRADITIONS - Bodies of belief, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to
generation with the effect of an unwritten law.

3. COURTESY - A manifestation of expression of consideration and respect for others.

4. CEREMONY - A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to
special occasion.

5. SOCIAL DECORUM - A set of norms and standard practiced by the members during social
activities and other functions.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 32 OF 37

6. POLICE COMMUNITY RELATION - Generally refers to the sum total of attitudes and behavior
between police and the communities they serve.

7. PUBLIC RELATIONS - A collection of communication techniques used by individuals or

organizations to convince an audience about the merits of an idea, organization, program, practice or
policy.

8. COMMUNITY SERVICE - Refers to the activities whereby police engage in pro-social activities to
enhance the well-being of the community beyond law enforcement and other maintenance.

9. COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION -Involves members of the community taking an active role in

trying to genuinely help the police.
POLICE TRADITIONS
1. Spiritual beliefs 6. Word of Honor
2. Valor 7. Duty
3. Patriotism 8. Loyalty
4. Discipline 9. Camaraderie
5. Gentlemanliness

10. SPIRITUAL BELIEFS - Can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality, an inner path
enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being or the deepest values and meanings by which
people live.

11. VALOR - Great courage in the face of danger. Strength of mind or spirit that enables a person to
encounter danger with firmness.
12. PATRIOTISM - Love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it.

13. DISCIPLINE - The practice of training people to obey rules or a code of behavior using punishment
to correct disobedience.

14. GENTLEMANLINESS - Characteristic of or having the character of a gentleman. A man whose

conduct conforms to a high standard of propriety or correct behavior.

15. WORD OF HONOR - A verbal commitment by one person to another agreeing to do or not to do
something in the future.

16. DUTY - A task or action that someone is required to perform.

17. LOYALTY - A strong feeling of support or allegiance. Is faithfulness or a devotion to a person,

country, group or cause.

18. CAMARADERIE - Mutual trust and friendship among people who spend a lot of time together.
Goodwill and lighthearted rapport between or among friends.

SOME BASIC SAMPLE QUESTION AND ANSWER FOR POLICE ETHICS AND POLICE
COMMUNITY RELATION REVIEWER
1. Known as the Code of Conduct and Ethical Standards for public officials and employees.
A. R.A. No. 9344 B. R.A. No. 6713 C. R.A. No. 9262 D.
P.D. No. 603
2. It is the transfer of title or disposal of interest in property by voluntarily, completely, and actually
depriving or dispossessing oneself of his right or title to it in favor of a person or persons other than
his spouse and relatives.
A. Procurement B. Divestment C. Enticement D. Attainment
3. A Fundamental truth or proposition that serves as the foundation for a system of belief or behavior or
for a chain of reasoning.
A. Principle B. Ideas C. Customs D. Morals
4. A branch of Philosophy dealing with what are good and bad with moral duty and obligation.
A. Logic B. Epistemology C. Aesthetics D. Ethics
5. Are Rules by which we make decisions about right and wrong, should and shouldn't, good and bad.
A. Morals B. Ethics C. Values D.
Customs
6. Is a Science that treats of the law enforcement?
A. Police Code of Ethics B. Military Code of Ethics
C. Government Officials Code of Ethics D. Barangay Tanod's Code of
Ethics
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 33 OF 37
7. It means long established practices common to a particular community, class, or race.
A. Practice B. Values C. Customs D. Ethics
8. It implies the repetition of the same action as to develop a natural, spontaneous or rooted tendency or
inclination to perform it.
A. Traditions B. Practices C. Values D. Habits
9. It means a regularly followed procedure or pattern in conducting activities.
A. Traditions B. Practice C. Values D. Habits
10. It means observance of social norms as required by good breeding.
A. Etiquette B. Ethics C. Values D. Practice
FAMILIARIZE YOURSELF WITH THE FOLLOWING TERMS:
1. CORRUPTION – Is the misuse of authority by a police officer in a manner designed to produce personal
gain for himself or others; an impairment of integrity, virtue or moral principle; inducement (as an
official) by means of improper considerations (as bribery) to commit a violation of duty.
2. DHRDD – Refers to the Directorate for Human Resource and Doctrine Development; the primary training
and education directorate in the PNP.

3. ETHICS - Is the capacity to determine right conduct and the knowledge of what is right from wrong;
specific moral choices to be made by the individual in his relationship with others; the moral quality of
a course of action, fitness and propriety.
4. ETHICS AND VALUES COUNSELING CENTER – A facility for spiritual and behavioral intervention
established in every Police Regional Office to provide adequate counseling and assistance to police
officers
5. ETHICS AND VALUES FORMATION PROGRAM - This program contains policies, principles, guidelines
and sanctions, all geared towards the internalization of moral values and service dedication through the
implementation of a systematic values-integration and intervention program.

6. MORAL RECOVERY PROGRAM - The Moral Recovery Program is a movement which aims to
mobilize all Filipinos for nation-building through the practical exercise of human values in our daily
lives as citizens. It is empowered through Executive Order 319 signed by President Fidel V Ramos on
April 03, 1996, which institutionalizes the MRP in all government departments, offices, agencies, and
government-owned and controlled corporations

7. MORALE – Refers to a person’s state of mind and emotions, affecting the personnel/employee and
the police force to perform assigned tasks willingly and enthusiastically with confidence, cheerfulness
and discipline to work, which in turn affects the individual performance and organizational goals and
objectives.

8. MORALITY – Quality of human acts that leads man to observe moral behavior”, to be obedient to a
system of moral rules, “RULES OF RIGHT CONDUCT”.

9. POLICE DISCRETION – The inherent ability and privilege of a police officer to test and use the
limits of his power in making a choice among possible courses of action or inaction (i.e. to arrest or not
to arrest).
10. PRO - Police Regional Office which constitute seventeen (17)
REGIONAL OFFICES OF THE PNP TO INCLUDE ARMM, CAR AND NCRPO

11. POLICE OFFICER – A public servant who represents the disciplinary and discretionary power of
the state to enforce laws

12. VALUES – Are beliefs, principles and philosophies that are important, cherished, prized, upheld
and defended:

13. VIRTUE – The quality of moral excellence, righteousness, probity, responsibility and goodness;
conformity to standard morality or mores (as by abstention from vices, rectitude); specific type of moral
excellence or other exemplary quality considered meritorious, a worthy practice or ideal

14. CUSTOMS - Established usage or social practices carried on by traditions that have obtained the
force of law.

15. TRADITIONS - Bodies of beliefs, stories, customs and usages handed down from generation to
generation with the effect of an unwritten law.

16. COURTESY - A manifestation or expression of consideration and respect for others.

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 34 OF 37

17. CEREMONY - A formal act or set of formal acts established by customs or authority as proper to
special occasion.
18. SOCIAL DECORUM - A set of norms and standards practiced by members during social and other
functions.
19. SALUTE - Salute is the usual greeting rendered by uniformed members upon meeting and
recognizing person entitled to a salute.
20. HABITS - Provide the basis for judgments about what is important for the organization to succeed
in its core business.

21. ASAL – it is the Filipino thinking of doing, thinking and believing things. It is the inner source of
behavior or manner.
22. NATIONALISM – it is the love of country and willingness to sacrifice for it.
23. FAMILYISM – it is the love of family members and relatives.
24. OBEDIENCE TO AUTHORITY – easy to follow orders.
25. SALUTE TO NATIONAL COLOR AND STANDARD - Members stand at attention and salute
the national color and standard as it pass by them or when the national color is raised or lowered during
ceremonies.
26. ADDRESS/TITLE - Junior in rank addresses senior members who are entitled to salute with the
word “Sir” or “Ma’am”. All Police Commissioned Officers shall be addressed sir or ma’am by Police
Non-Commissioned Officers and Non- Uniformed Personnel.
IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGIES IN POLICE PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT
1. COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY - Uniformed PNP members shall commit themselves to the
democratic way of life and values and maintain the principle of public accountability. They shall, at all
times, uphold the Constitution and be loyal to our country, people and organization above their loyalty
to any person.
2. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST - PNP members shall always uphold public interest
over and above personal interest. All government properties, resources and powers of their respective
offices must be employed and used effectively, honestly and efficiently, particularly to avoid wastage of
public funds and revenues. PNP members must avoid and prevent the “malversation” of human
resources, government time, property and funds.
3. NON-PARTISANSHIP - PNP Members shall provide services to everyone without discrimination
regardless of party affiliation in accordance with existing laws and regulations.
4. PHYSICAL FITNESS AND HEALTH - PNP members shall strive to be physically and mentally fi
t and in good health at all times. Toward this end, they shall undergo regular physical exercises and
annual medical examination in any PNP hospital or medical facility, and actively participate in the
Physical Fitness and Sports Development Program of the PNP.
5. SECRECY DISCIPLINE - PNP members shall guard the confidentiality of classified information
against unauthorized disclosure, including confidential aspects of official business, special orders,
communications and other documents, roster or any portion thereof of the PNP, contents of criminal
records, identities of persons who may have given information to the police in confidence and other
classified information on intelligence material.

6. SOCIAL AWARENESS - PNP members and their immediate family members shall be encouraged
to actively get involved in religious, social and civic activities to enhance the image of the organization
without affecting their official duties.

7. NON-SOLICITATION OF PATRONAGE - PNP members shall seek self-improvement through

career development and shall not directly or indirectly solicit influence or recommendation from
politicians, high-ranking government officials, prominent citizens, persons affiliated with civic or
religious organizations with regard to their assignments, promotions, transfer or those of other members
of the force, nor shall they initiate any petition to be prepared and presented by citizens in their behalf.
Moreover, they shall advise their immediate relatives not to interfere in the activities of the police
service particularly in the assignment and reassignment of personnel.

8. PROPER CARE AND USE OF PUBLIC PROPERTY - PNP members shall promote and maintain
sense of responsibility in the protection, proper care and judicious disposition and use of public property
issued for their official use or entrusted to their care and custody just like “a good father of the family”.
When the Commander/Director is relieved from his post, all properties/equipment belonging to the
government must be turned-over to the incoming. A committee for the purpose shall be proper. Hence, it
is a taboo for outgoing Commander/Director to detach, remove and bring home or to his new assignment
properties which do not personally belong to him.

9. RESPECT FOR HUMAN RIGHTS - In the performance of duty, PNP members shall respect and
protect human dignity and uphold the human rights of all persons. No member shall inflict, instigate or
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 35 OF 37
tolerate extra-judicial killings, arbitrary arrests, any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman or degrading
treatment or punishment, and shall not invoke superior orders or exceptional circumstances such as a
state-of-war, a threat to national security, internal political instability or any public emergency as a
justification for committing such human rights violations.

10. DEVOTION TO DUTY - PNP members shall perform their duties with dedication, thoroughness,
efficiency, enthusiasm, determination, and manifest concern for public welfare, and shall refrain from
engaging in any activity which shall be in conflict with their duties as public servants.

11. CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES - PNP members shall help in the development
and conservation of our natural resources for ecological balance and posterity as these are the
inalienable heritage of our people.

12. DISCIPLINE-PNP members shall conduct themselves properly at all times keeping with the rules
and regulations of the organization.

13. LOYALTY - PNP members shall be loyal to the Constitution and the police service as manifested
by their loyalty to their superior’s peers and subordinates as well.

14. OBEDIENCE TO SUPERIORS - PNP members shall obey lawful orders and be courteous to
superior officers and other appropriate authorities within the chain of command. They shall readily
accept whenever they are assigned anywhere in the country. Therefore, it is taboo for any personnel to
petition in court or in any public forum his assignment.
15. COMMAND RESPONSIBILITY - In accordance with the Doctrine on Command Responsibility,
immediate Commanders/Directors shall be responsible for the effective supervision, control and
direction of their personnel and shall see to it that all government resources shall be managed, expended
or utilized in accordance with laws and regulations and safeguard against losses thru illegal or improper
disposition.

16. MORALITY - PNP members shall adhere to high standards of morality and decency and shall set
good examples for others to follow. In no instance during their terms of office, among other things, shall
they be involved as owners, operators, managers or investors in any house of ill-repute or illegal
gambling den or other places devoted to vices, nor shall they patronize such places unless on official
duty, and tolerate operations of such establishments in their respective areas of responsibilities. They
shall be faithful to their lawfully wedded spouses.
17. JUDICIOUS USE OF AUTHORITY - PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of
authority in the performance of duty.
18. INTEGRITY - PNP members shall exercise proper and legitimate use of authority in the
performance of duty.
19. JUSTICE - PNP members shall strive constantly to respect the rights of others so that they can
fulfill their duties and exercise their rights as human beings, parents, children, citizens, workers, leaders,
or in other capacities and to see to it that others do likewise.
20. HUMILITY - PNP members shall recognize the fact that they are public servants and not the
masters of the people and towards this end; they shall perform their duties without arrogance. They shall
also recognize their own inadequacies, inabilities and limitations as individuals and perform their duties
without attracting attention or expecting the applause of others.

21. ORDERLINESS - PNP members shall follow logical procedures in accomplishing tasks assigned to
them to minimize waste in the use of time, money and effort.

22. PERSEVERANCE - Once a decision is made, PNP members shall take legitimate means to achieve
the goal even in the face of internal or external difficulties, and despite anything which might weaken
their resolve in the course of time.

23. LEGALITY – Does the practice used in a particular situation have its basis in law.
24. NECESSITY – Is the practice strictly necessary, given the circumstances of the respective situation.
25. PROPORTIONALITY – Is the practice in proportion to the seriousness of the offense and the
legitimate objective to be achieved?
26. STREET GANG – is a group of people who form an allegiance based on various social needs and
engage in acts injurious to public health and public morals.
CODE OF CONDUCT AND ETHICAL STANDARDS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES SALIENT FEATURES OF THE LAW
1. NORMS OF CONDUCT OF PUBLIC OFFICIALS AND EMPLOYEES (SECTION 4)
A. COMMITMENT TO PUBLIC INTEREST - Public officials and employees shall always uphold
the public interest over and above personal interest. All government resources and powers of their
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 36 OF 37
respective offices must be employed and used efficiently, effectively, honestly and economically,
particularly to avoid wastage in public funds and revenues.

B. PROFESSIONALISM - Public officials and employees shall perform and discharge their duties
with the highest degree of excellence, professionalism, intelligence and skill. They shall enter public
service with utmost devotion and dedication to duty. They shall endeavor to discourage wrong
perceptions of their roles as dispensers or peddlers of undue patronage.
C. JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY - Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at
all times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone, especially
the poor and the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others, and shall refrain
from doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public safety
and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on account of their office to their
relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to appointments of such relatives to
positions considered strictly confidential or as members of their personal staff whose terms are
coterminous with theirs.
D. POLITICAL NEUTRALITY - Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone
without unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.
E. RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC - Public officials and employees shall extend prompt,
courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless otherwise provided by law or when required by the
public interest, public officials and employees shall provide information of their policies and procedures
in clear and understandable language, ensure openness of information, public consultations and hearings
whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and systematize policy, rules and procedures,
avoid red tape and develop an understanding and appreciation of the socio-economic conditions
prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed rural and urban areas.
F. JUSTNESS AND SINCERITY - Public officials and employees shall remain true to the people at
all times. They must act with justness and sincerity and shall not discriminate against anyone, especially
the poor and the underprivileged. They shall at all times respect the rights of others, and shall refrain
from doing acts contrary to law, good morals, good customs, public policy, public order, public safety
and public interest. They shall not dispense or extend undue favors on account of their office to their
relatives whether by consanguinity or affinity except with respect to appointments of such relatives to
positions considered strictly confidential or as members of their personal staff whose terms are
coterminous with theirs.
G. POLITICAL NEUTRALITY - Public officials and employees shall provide service to everyone
without unfair discrimination and regardless of party affiliation or preference.
H. RESPONSIVENESS TO THE PUBLIC - Public officials and employees shall extend prompt,
courteous, and adequate service to the public. Unless otherwise provided by law or when required by the
public interest, public officials and employees shall provide information of their policies and procedures
in clear and understandable language, ensure openness of information, public consultations and hearings
whenever appropriate, encourage suggestions, simplify and systematize policy, rules and procedures,
avoid red tape and develop an understanding and appreciation of the socio-economic conditions
prevailing in the country, especially in the depressed rural and urban areas.
I. NATIONALISM AND PATRIOTISM - Public officials and employees shall at all times be loyal to
the Republic and to the Filipino people, promote the use of locally produced goods, resources and
technology and encourage appreciation and pride of country and people. They shall endeavor to
maintain and defend Philippine sovereignty against foreign intrusion.
J. COMMITMENT TO DEMOCRACY - Public officials and employees shall commit themselves to
the democratic way of life and values, maintain the principle of public accountability, and manifest by
deeds the supremacy of civilian authority over the military. They shall at all times uphold the
Constitution and put loyalty to country above loyalty to persons or party.
K. SIMPLE LIVING - Public officials and employees and their families shall lead modest lives
appropriate to their positions and income. They shall not indulge in extravagant or ostentatious display
of wealth in any form.
REMINDERS IN THE POLICE SERVICE
1. Act promptly on letters and requests.
2. Submit annual performance reports.
3. Process documents and papers expeditiously.
4. Act immediately on the public's personal transactions.
5. Make documents accessible to the public.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 37 OF 37
1. Financial and material interest.
2. Outside employment and other activities related thereto.
3. Disclosure and/or misuse of confidential information.
4. Solicitation or acceptance of gifts.
STATEMENTS OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE - All public
officials and employees, except those who serve in an honorary capacity, laborers and casual or
temporary workers, shall file under oath their Statement of Assets, Liabilities and Net Worth and a
Disclosure of Business Interests and Financial Connections and those of their spouses and unmarried
children under eighteen (18) years of age living in their households.
A. IDENTIFICATION AND DISCLOSURE OF RELATIVES - It shall be the duty of every public
official or employee to identify and disclose, to the best of his knowledge and information, his relatives
in the Government in the form, manner and frequency prescribed by the Civil Service Commission.
B. ACCESSIBILITY OF DOCUMENTS.
1. Any and all statements filed under this Act, shall be made available for inspection at reasonable hours.
2. Such statements shall be made available for copying or reproduction after ten (10) working days from
the time they are filed as required by law.
3. Any person requesting a copy of a statement shall be required to pay a reasonable fee to cover the cost
of reproduction and mailing of such statement, as well as the cost of certification.
4. Any statement filed under this Act shall be available to the public for a period of ten (10) years after
receipt of the statement. After such period, the statement may be destroyed unless needed in an ongoing
investigation.
DIVESTMENT - A public official or employee shall avoid conflicts of interest at all times. When a
conflict of interest arises, he shall resign from his position in any private business enterprise within
thirty (30) days from his assumption of office and/or divest himself of his shareholdings or interest
within sixty (60) days from such assumption. The same rule shall apply where the public official or
employee is a partner in a partnership. The requirement of divestment shall not apply to those who serve
the Government in an honorary capacity nor to laborers and casual or temporary workers.
CORE DUTIES AND FUNCTION OF POLICE OFFICER
1. To prevent and control crime, disorder and oppression by influential/ political groups, abusive
soldiers and decadent society.
2. To recognize that the fulfillment of its functions is dependent upon community approval of its
existence, and on its ability to obtain and maintain responsive support and participative cooperation.
3. To recognize that in order to secure and maintain the approval, support and cooperation of the public,
it has a collateral responsibility of securing the willing assistance of the public in the task of securing
observance of law.
4. To recognize that when the community cooperates and assists the police, it diminishes proportionately
the need for the use of physical force and compulsion in achieving law enforcement objectives.
5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by soliciting public opinion, but by constant demonstration of
impartiality by ready offering of individual service and congeniality to all members of the community
without regard to their wealth, friendship, social standing and race; and by ready offering of individual
sacrifice and to some extent the sacrifice of relatives.
6. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be
insufficient in the pursuit of law observance or to restore order, and shall resort only to the minimum
degree of physical force necessary on any particular occasion in achieving law enforcement objectives.
7. To constantly maintain wholesome relationship with the community that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police is the people and the people is the police; police officers are members of the
community who are paid to render public safety services due upon every citizen, endearing the principle
that a public office is a public trust.
8. To recognize the need for strict adherence to the law, refrain from usurping the powers and authority
of the judiciary in avenging individuals, judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
9. To recognize that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible
evidence of law enforcement action in dealing crime and disorder; enshrine the principle that crime
prevention is better than crime solution; measure is better than countermeasure.
10. To recognize that the test of law enforcement integrity is the presence of personal moral
responsibility exemplified by virtuous behavior and non- compromising law enforcement officer.
11. To recognize that the achievement of a professional service depends principally upon the constant
development of police education and training, research and planning and exercise.
12. To recognize that the stability of the Republic, the continuity of sovereignty and strength of
democracy depend upon a police organization that is constantly aware of the sensitive balance between
individual freedom and collective security; ever-alert to the dangers of extra-legal or immoral
procedures; and never compromise principle in favor of evil means to attain the good ends.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 38 OF 37
13. To recognize the ever magnificent principle: Love God, honor the government and respect the
people.
14. To recognize that “the people is the peace maker, the police is the peace keeper and the local
government is the peace preserver.” If he goes beyond and above of his role, he must observe the three
(3) C’s in internal and external relations-consult, coordinate and cooperate.
THIS CODE OF CONDUCT FOR LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS WAS ADOPTED BY UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY
RESOLUTION 34/169 OF DECEMBER 17, 1979.
1. Law enforcement official shall at all times fulfill the duty imposed upon them by law, by serving the
community and by protecting all persons against illegal acts, consistent with the high degree of
responsibility required by their profession.
2. In the performance of their duty, law enforcement officials shall respect and protect human dignity
and maintain and uphold the human rights of all persons.
3. Law enforcement officials may use force only when strictly necessary and to the extent required for
the performance of their duty.
4. Matters of confidential nature in the possession of law enforcement officials shall be kept
confidential, unless the performance of duty or the needs of justice strictly require otherwise.
5. No law enforcement official may inflict, instigate or tolerate any act of torture or other cruel, inhuman
or degrading treatment or punishment, nor may any law enforcement official invoke superior order or
exceptional circumstances such as a state of war, a threat to national security, internal political
instability or any other public emergency as a justification of torture or other cruel, inhuman or
degrading treatment or punishment.
6. Law enforcement officials shall ensure the full protection of the health of persons in their custody
and, in particular, shall take immediate action to secure medical attention whenever required.
7. Law enforcement officials shall not commit any act of corruption. They shall also rigorously oppose
and combat all such acts.
8. Law enforcement officials shall respect the law and the present Code. They shall also, to the best of
their capability, prevent and rigorously oppose any violation of them. Law enforcement officials who
have reason to believe that a violation of the present Code has occurred or is about to occur shall report
the matter to their superior authorities and, where necessary, to other appropriate authorities or organs
vested with reviewing or remedial power.
LAW ENFORCEMENT AND THE MAINTENANCE OF PUBLIC ORDER MUST BE COMPATIBLE WITH:
1. Respect for, and obedience to, the law
2. Respect for the dignity of the human person
3. Respect for, and protection of, human rights.
Overview to satisfy human needs and wants, individual and social groupings establish and
maintain relationships with others. These relationship require varying degrees of interaction and
interdependence and, therefore, different levels of social, political and economic exchanges. Even
though these have been always the case, modern society consists of increasingly interdependent,
complex and often conflict-laden relationships. The Police as an organization require participation
among its members, their stakeholders and the community as a whole to maintain peace and order,
tranquility and eventually crime prevention.

POLICE-COMMUNITY RELATIONS (PCR) – it is the selling of good image of police to the public
and maintains harmonious relationship with them.
DIFFERENT VIEWS OF PCR
1. Public Relations
2. Image Approaches in PCR
1. ATTITUDINAL – PCR has to do with attitude of the police towards themselves and segment of the
community towards themselves and the police.
2. POLITICAL – focuses on the ways in which police use and misuse the power delegated to them.
3. SOCIOLOGICAL – it involves dealing with problems created by the changing relationship between
social change and social control.
1. Community Service
2. Community Participation
3. PUBLIC RELATION – it is a professional method of organizing and understanding and
communications so as to promote the best interest of the organization or an individual.
NATURE OF PUBLIC RELATIONS
1. ADVERTISING – concerned with communication, selling messages through chosen media to
selected audience
2. PROPAGANDA – it is any scheme of spreading information for the purpose of promoting some
cause.
3. PUBLIC OPINION – It is an aggregation of individual views on some issues.
BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 39 OF 37
4. MEDIA RELATIONS – it is any means through which a message reaches an audience. (Speech,
written words, radio, television, cinema, poster, billboards) Press Events
1. Press Conference –
2. Receptions –
3. Facility Visit –

PRINTING – it involves the transference of an inked image onto paper or a similar surface.
COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENT – it refers to any place where we live.
EXTERNAL COMMUNITY
1. Ethnic Minorities 6. Poor
2. Women 7. Religious Organization
3. Gays 8. Civic Organization
4. Youth 9. Political Organization
5. Elderly 10. Media
8. POLICE RADIO HOUR PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. Community support must be maintained.
2. Community resentment must be avoided
3. Community good will must be developed.
4. Community must be keep informed.
FOUNDATION OF COMMUNITY RELATIONS
1. Sincerity in serving the public.
2. Full knowledge of the job.
3. Deep conviction in the mobility of his work as a necessary service to promote individual or national
welfare.
4. Sound police ethics.
5. High standard of management and operation.
FOUR GENERAL APPROACHES IN THE PCR PROGRAMS
1. Externally Oriented
2. Youth Oriented
3. Service Oriented
4. Internally Oriented

REFERENCES:
1. Unpublished Handouts on Police Ethics, 2020 University of Baguio (UB).
2. Unpublished Handouts on Police Ethics, 2020 University of the Cordillera (UC).
3. Unpublished Handouts on Police Ethics, 2020 Cordillera College (CCDC).
4. Rediscovering the Kingdom of the King by Dr. Myles Munroe
5. Kingdom Principles by Dr. Myles Munroe.
6. The Moral Force of Leadership – Character – Ethics by Dr. Myles Munroe
7. Electronic Source

The greatest discovery in life is self-discovery. Until you find yourself you will always be someone else. Become yourself.
Dr. MM

PREPARED BY: MARK P. CIANO, MSCRIM

BY: MARK P. CIANO MSCRIM PAGE 40 OF 37