CHAPTER 1: Introduction to Scientific Investigation Think Practice 1 Meticie £2\ Education Physic Guar ~Doctor Lecturer Botanist, ‘Science teacher ‘Sal Practice 1.1 1G) ate @) moe 2 (a) Improves he heath of humans, allowing them olive longer (©) Makes long distance communication easier and faser (©) Maes dil work easier and faster (@) Oveeames the shortage of fod supply ‘Skill Practice 1.2 ray mr ov 2 (@) Substances that cause poisoning nd death (@) Sabsances that bur the skin and corode ther materials (©) Sabsance tht produce pungent vapour, sing the eye, iiate the respiratory system and skin (@ Sabsances that release radiation which can cause cancer sar ov oe HOTS Spot 1 ' kg sr packe. Tis is because the price of one kilogram of sugar inthe 3 kg packet is RMISO whereas the price of one kilogram of ‘supa inthe 5 kg packet is RMI.30. Consumers save RMO.20 foreach [bloga of supa inthe 5 ke packet. ‘Ski Practice 13, 1) Kelvin © logan (© mee @ second 2 @ oo00001g (©) 0000 00 001 g © 000g 3) 361 000 000g = 361 0g = 0361 x 108g = 0361 Mig ©) 0052 mm = 0052 10? m 52x 10m = Sum 4 (@) Base quantities are physical quanics that canot be drved fom oter physical quantities. (©) Length, mas time, elecie caren and temperate $1, Avoids problems related to conversions of unite im the 3. Helps development in various fields such as science, edoction, commerce, industry and others atthe cterational level 4, Encourages global wade 5. Improves the standard of research i science and technolony ‘Skit Practice 14 1G) Pale © sea © Ewe © pie 2 G) random © sysemaie (© carey Skill Practice 15 1 mas, volume 2) Yom = te Se “TI kgm? soni ig “awa =22% 104m? (Dany = 2 ‘= 11 300 kgm? (©) Mass = 2.7 gfem? x 22 em? loa 3 parity, impure ‘Skill Practice 1.6 1 (a) Measure the refracted ange in he plas by wing a protace, (b) The speed ofa wolley is Sms (©) Anal is substance that changes the colour of «piece of dup red ius pape to blve. ‘Skill Practice 1.7 1 (a) Bing responsible forthe safer of yourself, thes andthe ceovroament (©) Being virwous and having respect for one anoter 4 Cami an ant cope na wo Formative Practice Objective Questions 1D 2D ‘Subjective Questions 1 (3) [0 Stak measures he mass ofthe cork by wang a] igial balance. “ (Gy Sarah ie the ork witha ang and posi in smearing cylinder fled with water. The cor floats onthe wate. [i Sarah tes the cork togeder with» toe and] ‘us them in a measuring cylinder filed with] ‘water. The cork and stone sink in the water Ge) Seah alates des of he otk by dividing the mass ofthe cork by the volume ofthe cok, ‘esison hypothesis Positive zero eor +006 ‘Actua length of wooden block ‘ length ofthe wooden block measured ~2er ero #316 - (4006) =310em ‘Wood and oi will float on wate. Wood and oi are less dense than water, } 3B 4c) 5A wo co) ai oo Woot on. Wa Mercury (Gi) 1. Hot ae ballon Hating 2. Drowning or ase submarines in he sea 199 Powered by CamScanner(©) ()Theuilding looks geen in the presence of grea plans, CHAPTER 2: Cell as the Basic Unit of Life (i)_ustied. Photosynthesis cared out by the geen plants Think Practice 2 ‘Cettmembeane ‘Skill Practice 2.1 The cell the hasc unit fal living things 2) P. Miochontnon & Cromowome R: Noclews (©) Animal ell. This esas or chlorplasts Uncelllarorpaniams are made up of only one cell whereas smaticelslareeganims are made up of many cell (Tass ©) Organs (@) Systems| ‘Acomplex organism has cells ints body that frm an orgaistion to cay out all its fe processes. The division of functions among fs cells. tsses, organs and systems allows the orgasim (o perform is fanctons. Cooperation between the diferent parte of ‘he Nady help in eaying ut all the life process. (2) Mase cell (2) The orangutan has cells that form an organisation o conduct ail the life processes HOTS Spot 2 Potosyathesis produces glucose and oxygen which are used by expanses for ‘cellar respiration 10 produce energy. Without ‘Photorymtbesis, oxygen and glucose cannot be produced and cellular respeaton cant occur ‘Skil Practice 22 1 Glucose + oxygen + carton dioxide + water + enerey 2 Carton dinide + water —> glucose ¢ onygen 3 Sunlight ie a basic condition for photosynthesis. Therefore, ‘hotonythesis doesnot happen a nigh without slight 4 Onyges snd carbon donde will nt be absorbed fom the ws cell doesnot hae a cel wall oat tects Pr eee satan ont iS omen cae iy © cin (0) ~ Call membrane = Cytoplasm 2 (a) @) Chloroplast, (3) Green in the building reduces the amount of carbon donde but Increases the amount of oxygen in the ar that surrounds the building. As a result, the air quality around the ‘ulding is improved. ‘The exhaust gases released by motor vehicles inrease the amount of carbon dioxide in the air. AS more cenrbon donde inthe ari used for photosynthesis, the amounts ofthe products of photosynthesis, glucose and ‘oxygen, are also increased. CHAPTER 3: Coordination and Response HOTS Spot 3 ‘The dog will stick out i tongue and swest to reduce its body temperature ‘The buffalo will wallow in mud or water to coo its boy ‘Skil Practice 3.1 1 Homeostasis is «process that regulates and maintains the balance ‘ofthe intemal environment of the boy ‘The internal environment ofthe body refers to the tissue Nuids that are around the body cel Tre brain = In ho surroundings, the body will sweat The blood vessels in the skin dit casing more blood to flow tothe surface ofthe skin and more heat tobe fleased, The hairs ofthe ski eat and closer tothe skin tapping less heat and the rte of body 2 3 the skin constrict causing les Blood to flow to the surface ofthe skin and les eat o be released. The irs ofthe skin stand erect trapping more heat and the rate of body metabolism increases. 5 Transpiration Formative Practice Objective Questions 1B 2D Subjective Questions ac 2 ©) G1 Regulation of the water content 2. Reaon of he aly epee the body temperature (li) We needs to dink more water to prevent his body from {geting dehydrated. ©) (@ Catsick the bir on his body to lower body tempers. ‘eat release from his body through saliva evaporation. (ii) The animal movement is vibrant, is muscle movement is faster and bigh metabolic rate increases is body temperature, (Gi) 1. Homeosusis allows humans and Living tings © ‘adapt to a changing and lee bealhy environment. 2 Homeostasis regulates and malnains the ‘enviromental balance in the body 50 tht cells an {iy Carbon done + water SEY» gluon + oxygen survive and funtion normaly. 200 Powered by CamScannerCHAPTER 4: Reproduction Think Practice 3 Vegetative reproveton -—}+——__ “eruph be rots Through the stems Through the leaves HOTS Spt ‘Farce is ye of nema erodcton tht ries sing batt ene fact haces the ae ‘kil Practice 4.1 104 ov 2 (a) Iinera fertilisation and externa erlisation @) Binary fission, budding. spore formation, vegetative reproduction, regeneration, sue culture 3K te reproduction of living organs decreases, the number of al living rzaisns wills decease, All ving organisms wll venta be extinct 4 New ving cpus are produced though reproduction. Ts, reproduction isa way to prevental living organisms fromexaton, ‘Sill Practice 4.2 1 (a) Tess ©) On 2-Siiliy: A sperm and an ovum each as a mcteus. Difference: A sperm has ail bat an ovum doesnot havea ti 13 (a) Reid growth in heighu?Appearance of pimples on the fice (©) The yoice becomes housl/Growthof beard and moustache 4 Uretea ‘Skill Practice 43, 11 Menszration ithe discharge f blood, cells from the breakdown ofthe wens lining and unferlised ovum through the vagina eat 2 Bays 3 P:Mensrusion phase Rep pase Re Ferle phase ':Prementaal phase 4 During te fertile phase ofthe menstual cle, & mature ovum relied ino the Fallopian tube. If sperms ae present in the Flin tbe, they will gutber around the ove to cary oUt ferietion, ‘Sal Practice 4.4 1 Felistion isthe proces of fasion ofthe nucleus of sperm with the clas of an ovum to form zygote. 2 Ihe Falopian tbe 3 Arpoe 4 lplantation is the process in which the embryo ataches self 10 te thickened wera wal, 5 Zypote + embryo ~+ foetus > baby Skil Practice 45 1 Tefocts depends oni moe fr uit. Tee, regnat nn have to tke enogh muita food 10 main ei ‘enol ea wel a he oral and ey development of Seon bie, ‘Seki inking ole dink and ting dangerous gs 3 VianieD Sk Practice 46 ‘Sey isthe iabity to proce oping 2 Vamone pil, sri rpair of the damaged cevs, in vito ‘existe OVE, 3 avi ferlisation is external ferilisation in aman eprodetion fain ofthe nce of» sperm with th ales of an 44 Mecca ouside woman's body The mei of onraception by wig Sey is # permanent ‘tio at does oo allow maid coupes bearer after the rgery whereas te boone wetmet eto temperry etd that allows maid couples 1 hve chien once the eaeat ops. ‘Skill Practice 4.7 1 P: Produces pollen grains that contin male gametes that ae involved in reprodeton ofthe plant Q Continsovaes tat are involved in reproduction ofthe plant RR: Prtets the lower athe bad etage S: Holds the anther (@) Filament and anther (©) Stigma, yl and ovary Polnation is the transfer of mature pin grain from the ater to the wigma (®) Owle () Ovary ‘Germination isthe process hat cccurs when he embryo ina seed sas gro. (6 Water, sir anda suitable temperature 5 Formative Practice Objective Questions rD 2c Subjective Quetons 3A 4c se at © Boehjtan Sen (0 ape a) (© [fac ei, Ge foe 0 mal fie nthe pincers int ody] 7 Otte ele epi Ses dan iar ay oe RE Dany Sn pe cl iin | 7 mpeg 2 © © 1, Home wae 2 Seren 3 ivi fion (i) The bated vied psig es tot sp ig tl oe © @ Vem (8) Wis anal grin which he sperm dacs ae et snd ed casing espe fo exes be able toreach be pas. (i) Permanent contacto meth (9) Ligation © (A dsptagm dome {Te preven pes fom enerng he evn CHAPTER S: Matter ‘Shall Practice 5. 1 Mater is anything that has mass and cecopies sce. 2 (a) Human, animal, plans, ie water (©) Vacuum, energy, enodon, charter, tlie (@) Bing point, meng point, slab, conductivity of heat (©) Rosin, abiiy to bart (@) Separation of substances bse density (©) The test dense pam ol fats on the denser seawater. When ‘mitre of pl il and seawater is poured into a separation anne, tees dense palm il wl ft o he surface of the ate back G1. Microscope 2. Kaleidoscope CHAPTER 9: Earth HOTS Spot 6 ‘The higher the alte isthe lower the ar pressure and te thinner the sir will be. AS less and less living things can adapt to the decreasing alc pressure and volume of ar 0 the higher the altitude i, the smaller be the number of living things that exist. [Think Practice 6 Hydrosphere Lithosphere (water) (rocks) Skull Practice 9.1 1 Hydrosphere, atmosphere, biosphere, geosphere 2 The function of the ozone layer is to prevent the penetration of harmful ultraviolet rays from the Sun to the Earth's surfce ‘trough the air. The thinning of the ozone layer harms Living things especially humans by exposing them to the barf sraviolet rays. 3 The dark zone 4 In a river, water flows in the ligud state whereas in a glacier, ater flows inthe solid state inthe form of ice. '5 We must look after the Earth with eare because the Banh isthe ‘only home forall living things including humans. ‘Skill Practice 9.2 1 Igneous rock, sedimentary rock, metamorphic rock 2 Rocks that ae heated will melt and form mags. 3 (@) Cooling and soliiicaon of molten magma ) Erosion and sedimentation (©) Exposed to high temperature and high pressure ‘4 Marble. Marbles used for making various types of furniture such 48 table and chairs, Skil Proce 9.3 feathering, erosion, mass depletion, teas ‘depletion, land depletion, transpor. 2 (@) Erosion ©) Transport (© Sedimentation ‘3 Mantle convection, magma activity, movement inthe Earth's crust ig (Bie eto} Exopenie processes form a series of processes that occur om he Earth's surface and are driven by the energy from the Sun whereas xogenic processes are the main processes of the Earth which ‘gine from within the Earth that are able to form and change the Earth's surface. Powered by CamScanner{5 Treasthenospbere In the mantle, the asthenosphere isthe only part where the mantle exists a8 a semi-liquid that allows convection to ‘cr, Convecton cannot happen in the lhosphere or mesosphere that ain the solid state. {6 The main process of the Eanh that creates the Hawaiian Islands ismagma activity. Think Practice 7 ‘Skill Practice 9.4 1 Trani 2 Acid nin 3. Increases the Earth's surface temperature 2. Raises the sea level 4 Limestone can easily dissolve in acid to form adie soluaion. When the limestone under the Eanh’s surface dissolves in acid, a cavity ‘ile witha dilute solution is formed. Hence, wbea the round on ‘te Earth's surice falls ito the cavity, a sinkhole i formed. 5 Victims of natal disasters are usually innocent or not responsible for the occurence of natural disasters. The seriousnes of the impacts of| ‘natu disses such as oss of ives and assets, diseases and fine ‘experienced by the victims often make them unable to take care of| ‘bemseves, Hence, the victims require the sympathy and asistance fees to help them overcome the impacts of natural disasters. ‘Skill Practice 9.5, 1 The geological time scale is a table which shows the chronological sequence of geological periods in the Earth's history 2 Radiometic dating ofthe meteorites, 3 45 billion years 4 Foss areresidues or traces of organisms suchas humans, animal plants and other types of organisms that had been preserved since ‘ancient times, 5 In carrying out fossil studies, the types of organisms that were ‘ace alive inthe past are known through ther characteristics such 1 shape, size and structure. Fossils ae also related tothe Eat geological time scale ‘Skill Practice 9.6 1 Underground water is extracted from aquifer. 2 Sinkhole, quicksand 3 (Copper — electrical wire (®) Marble ~ furniture (6) Scandium - body of irra 4 (@) Remains of plants () Remains of marine animals Hydrothermal energy can be used for generating electricity. 6 1, Environmental destuction 2 Extinction of animal and plant species Formative Practice ee coe a = “Ea Le] mas o Pat of the Banh a Gi) Biosphere ee neem fe 2 (@) @ 8: Surface zone — = (@)_ Zone T: Large animals (wit large eyes) ‘Zone U: Small animals (having bodies that shine or ‘low inthe dark) (Gi) Animals Living in 2006 U have bodies that shine o glow in the dark to enable them to see and to hunt thee prey. © @ Toman (Gl) 1, Flooded coastal and inland ares. 2, Threaten the safety of aquatic life and ships 3. Change the pater ofthe seafront and the beach. Powered by CamScanner