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UNIT 1 ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

Unit 1 Annotated Bibliography

Samantha S. Thompson

Sampson Community College

Ms. Carwise Mrs. Ammons

October 31, 2023

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Falkenburg, J. L., van Dijk, M., Tibboel, D., & Ganzevoort, R. R. (2020). The fragile spirituality

of parents whose children died in the pediatric intensive care unit. Journal of Health

Care Chaplaincy, 26(3), 117-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2019.1670538

This article includes interviews with different parents whose children are in the PICU and how

they feel about spirituality. They contacted families 5 years after they had a child in the PICU

who passed away and asked what they remembered the most during that time and what helped

them get through that time of their lives. The research explores how parents interpret their child's

condition in the PICU, including maintaining hope even when knowing the medical prognosis.

Many parents stated that they had “faith” and “hope” and believed a miracle could still happen

until the doctors said, “We will be stopping treatment now.” Most parents claimed they still felt

they had a spiritual connection to their child even after death. It delves into the spiritual aspects

of connectedness and how ordinary events are given transcendent meaning by parents in their

grief. They stated some things may have occurred that they kept to themselves for fear of being

judged and not believed such as lights flicking on and off on their own. One parent who was not

spiritual believed after the death of his child that maybe there is an afterlife that we do not know

about, in hopes of one day reuniting with their child.

Overall, I believe that this is a very emotional and tough time for parents or anyone who

unfortunately goes through this, and to be able to find any type of comfort is better than none.

Understanding spirituality as an important life experience means being open to diverse

experiences and multi-voiced connections, especially in the healthcare field. As nurses, we must

be able to put our personal beliefs to the side to be able to properly care for not just our patients

but their family members as well, in their time of need. This study suggests that spirituality plays

a significant role in the experiences of parents facing the loss of a child and that acknowledging
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these spiritual dimensions is important for providing compassionate end-of-life care. Physicians

and nurses who are conscious of and understand the fact that families interpret the situation on a

different level are better able to support parents at this fragile time.

Francis Duffy, A critical perspective on advance care planning for older people, The British

Journal of Social Work, Volume 50, Issue 4, June 2020, Pages 1013–

1030, https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcz092

Advanced care planning due to an increase in age can reveal many issues making it challenging

to complete. The objectives of Advance Directives (ADs) aim to enhance self-determination by

providing a platform for individuals to express their wishes, preferences, values, and beliefs,

particularly for a future period when their capacity to make informed decisions might be

compromised, in a healthcare setting. This also includes being able to appoint someone as your

proxy or power of attorney to be able to make certain decisions in case a person is unable to or

does not have an advance directive. In this article, the authors conducted a study involving older

individuals with and without advanced directives, seeking the perspective of the designated

decision-makers. One notable observation made by a family member was the significance of

appointing someone with adequate knowledge, particularly in matters related to life-sustaining

measures. Additionally, it was observed that an advance directive might have limitations in fully

conveying an individual's comprehensive wishes. The article provides an example wherein a

person with an advance directive undergoing a medical procedure expresses a desire contrary to

what was outlined in the directive, as his current health condition does not warrant it. Although it

is beneficial to have future plans, this article shows that there may also be cons when doing so.

Some may think that having an advanced directive in place takes away the unknown and can

alleviate any burden on their family members when it comes to making tough decisions. In
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showing the pros and cons from patients' and families' perspectives, the intention is not to

undermine the significance of advance care planning but to offer a critical viewpoint on the

intricacies and difficulties linked to it, including the designation of substitute decision-makers.

As a nurse, one of the questions that is asked of patients upon admission in the hospital setting is

if they have an advanced directive and if not if they would like someone to talk with them about

it while they are being seen. Many older adults do not have one and do not wish to talk to

someone about it for whatever reason. It is important to educate patients who are both young and

old to promote autonomy and ensure healthcare decisions are honored in critical situations.

Li, E., Yang, Y., & Zhu, W. (2020). View on donated life: Construction of philosophical ethics

on human organ donation. Bioethics, 34(3), 318-321. https://doi.org/10.1111/bioe.12732

This article explores the profound impact of organ donation and transplantation on human life

and ethics. It emphasizes how these medical advancements not only save lives but also challenge

traditional views on life and the relationship between the whole and its parts. The concept of

"donated life" is introduced, signifying a new way of life created through organ donation and

transplantation. This "reborn life" is a fundamental shift in the understanding of human existence

and necessitates in-depth philosophical and social science research to support and regulate it. The

article also discusses the ethical implications of organ donation and the transformation of the

ethical relations surrounding it. It highlights that organ transplantation involves life with subject

consciousness and personality, leading to complex moral and emotional considerations.

Furthermore, the article underscores the win-win nature of organ donation, as it benefits both

donors and recipients, reshaping values and relationships. It argues that "donated life" is not only

a means of health restoration but also a form of life existence and regeneration. This is shown in

the article by letters received from a young girl who received a lung transplant from a teenage
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boy who died in his early teens accidentally and goes on to spread knowledge about organ

donation. These letters serve as a testament to the greatness and nobility of organ donation,

emphasizing its contribution to the continuity and quality of human life.

Despite there being many pros to organ donation, organ shortage remains a pressing issue. The

article points out the need for further improvements in donation-oriented principles, policies,

regulations, and mechanisms to motivate potential donors and establish an efficient donation

system. This issue is not unique to China, where this article is based, but is a global challenge

requiring innovative solutions. Being an organ donor is solely an individual decision, although in

certain circumstances such as the accidental death of the shepherd boy in the article, a family

member is allowed to make that decision. Further research and education are still needed on this

topic and principles, policies and even regulations will continue to change as the world is always

changing.

Ranabhat, P., Nikitara, M., Latzourakis, E., & Constantinou, C. S. (2022). Effectiveness of

nurses’ training in identifying, reporting and handling elderly abuse: A Systematic

literature review. Geriatrics (Basel), 7(5), 108. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics7050108

The text discusses the growing global elderly population and the associated health and social

challenges, such as various diseases and the risk of abuse. It highlights definitions of elder abuse

and the different forms, with an emphasis on psychological abuse. The text points out that elder

abuse is a pervasive problem worldwide, but it is often underreported. It stresses the role of

healthcare professionals, especially nurses, in detecting and managing elder abuse. The article

acknowledges the importance of training and education for healthcare professionals in

addressing elder abuse and suggests a positive relationship between such training and the

reduction in cases. It emphasizes the importance of specialized training programs to enhance the
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quality of care for the elderly. A review of the training was completed, and specific guidelines

were followed to judge the effectiveness of this training. The result of this report showed an

increase in knowledge of elder abuse among healthcare professionals including nurses.

This training is proven to be effective for various reasons. The lack of awareness about reporting

procedures and mandatory laws can deter reporting, potentially causing more harm to the elderly.

Those who have had training demonstrate increased confidence and competency in recognizing

the many forms of abuse. Training comes in many different forms and is more beneficial when it

is lifelong and not just a one-off program. It is vital to report any suspicions of abuse and as a

healthcare professional, it is our duty to do so.

Xu, H., Xue, M., Takashi, E., Kitayama, A., Zhu, P., & Liu, Y. (2023). Exploring the

relationship between lateral violence and nursing professionalism through the mediating

effect of professional identity: A cross‐sectional questionnaire study. Nursing Open,

10(5), 3113-3121. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.1561

This article starts off by stating there is a nursing shortage and relating part of that to workplace

violence. Lateral violence is a form of workplace violence that includes bullying and aggression

involving inter-group conflicts. There are different degrees of this type of violence, and it varies

in different parts of the world. This article also expresses how nursing students are subjected to

lateral violence in the healthcare setting due to various reasons some being unfamiliarity with the

work, operation process, and/or lack of clinical skills. A study was done that proved higher levels

of lateral violence are associated with lower levels of nursing professionalism. Over the course

of this study, it was reported that approximately half of the nursing students did not experience

any type of lateral violence, but the other half had at least one experience with it. Some forms of

lateral violence in the workplace experienced by nursing students included having information
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withheld from them, working below the level of competence, being humiliated or ridiculed, or

being pressured to not use earned job benefits with the top form being responsibilities being

removed. This study showed that the workplace violence experienced during clinical internships

affected students’ future career and employment choices.

This article explored the difference between professional identity and professionalism with

nursing students in their clinical internship who have or have not experienced lateral violence.

With the nursing shortage we are facing because of the demand put on nurses, one thing that

adds fuel to the fire is having to work in an environment where you are not comfortable and are

bullied. Unfortunately, lateral violence is not always resolved when reported if it is reported at

all. Student nurses are the future, and it is imperative that we continue to gain nurses in a field

where they will always be of importance.