You've all experienced the progress of artificial intelligence

你们都经历了⼈⼯智能的进步。

Many of you may have spoken with a computer, and a computer understood

you and spoke back to you.

你们中的许多⼈可能已经与计算机交谈过，计算机理解您并与您交谈。

With the rate of progress being that it is , it's not difficult to imagine that at

some point in the future, our intelligent computers will become as smart or

smarter than people

以⽬前的进展速度，不难想象，在未来的某个时刻，我们的智能计算机将变得

和⼈类⼀样聪明，甚⾄⽐⼈类更聪明。

And it's also not difficult to imagine that when that happens, the impact of

such artificial intelligence is going to be truly, truly vast .

⽽且不难想象，当这种情况发⽣时，这种⼈⼯智能的影响将是真正⾮常巨⼤

的。

And you may wonder: Is it going to be OK when technology is so impactful ?

您可能想知道：当技术具有如此⼤的影响⼒时，⼀切都会好起来吗？

And here my goal is to point out the existence of a force that many of you may

have not noticed, that gives me hope that indeed, we will be happy with the

result.

在这⾥，我的⽬标是指出你们中许多⼈可能没有注意到的⼀种⼒量的存在，这

给了我希望，我们确买会对结果感到满意。

So artificial intelligence
所以⼈⼯智能。

What is it, and how does it work?

它是什么，它是如何⼯作的？

Well, it turns out that it's very easy to explain how artificial intelligence works.

事买证明，解释⼈⼯智能的⼯作原理⾮常容易。

Just one sentence

就⼀句话。

Artificial intelligence is nothing but digital brains inside large computers

⼈⼯智能只不过是⼤型计算机内的数字⼤脑。

That's what artificial intelligence is

这就是⼈⼯智能。

Every single interesting Al that you've seen is based on this idea.

你所⻅过的每⼀个有趣的⼈⼯智能都是基于这个想法。

Over the decades, scientists and engineers have been figuring out how such
digital brains should work and how to build them, how to engineer them.
⼏⼗年来，科学家和⼯程师⼀直在研究这样的数字⼤脑应该如何⼯作，如何构

建它们，如何设计它们。

Now, I find it interesting that the seat of intelligence in human beings is our
biological brain.
现在，我发现有趣的是，⼈类智⼒的所在地是我们的⽣物⼤脑。

It is fitting that the seat of intelligence in artificial intelligence is an artificial

brain.
⼈⼯智能中智能的所在地是⼈⼯⼤脑，这是恰当的。

Here, I'd like to take a digression and tell you about how I got into AI
在这⾥，我想插个题外话，给⼤家讲讲我是如何进⼊AI领域的。

There were three forces that pulled me into it .

有三种⼒量将我拉⼊其中。
The first one was that when I was a little child, at around the age of five or six,
I was very struck by my own conscious experience , by the fact that I am me
and I am experiencing things
第⼀个是，当我还是个⼩孩⼦的时候，⼤约五六岁的时候，我对⾃⼰的意识体

验、我就是我以及我正在经历的事情这⼀事实感到⾮常震惊。

That when I look at things , I see them .

当我看事物时，我看到了它们。

Like, this feeling over time went away, though, by simply mentioning it to you
right now it comes back .
就像，随看时间的推移，这种感觉消失了，但现在只要向你提及它，它就会回

来。

But this this feeling of ... That I am me, that you are you, I found it very
strange and very disturbing almost.
但这种感觉……我就是我，你就是你，我发现这⾮常奇怪，⼏乎⾮常令⼈不安。

And so when I learned about artificial intelligence, I thought, wow, if we could

build a computer that is intelligent, maybe we will learn something about
ourselves, about our own consciousness.
所以当我了解⼈⼯智能时，我想，哇，如果我们能够建造⼀台智能计算机，也

许我们会了解⼀些关于我们⾃⼰、关于我们⾃⼰的意识的事情。

That was my first motivation that pulled me towards Al.

这是我⾛向⼈⼯智能的第⼀个动机。

The second motivation was more pedestrian in a way .

第⼆个动机在某种程度上更加平淡⽆奇。

I was simply curious about how intelligence works.

我只是好奇智⼒是如何运作的。

And when I was a teenager, an early teenager in the late '90 s, the sense that
I got is that science simply did not know how intelligence worked.
当我⼗⼏岁的时候，九⼗年代末的⼀个⼗⼏岁的⻘少年时，我的感觉是科学根

本不知道智⼒是如何运作的。

There was also a third reason, which is that it was clear to me back then that
artificial intelligence, if it worked, it would be incredibly impactful.
还有第三个原因，那就是当时我很清楚，⼈⼯智能如果有效，将会产⽣难以置

信的影响。

Now, it wasn't at all obvious that it will be possible to make progress in

artificial intelligence, but if it were possible to make progress in artificial
intelligence, that would be incredibly impactful
现在，⼈⼯智能是否能够取得进展并不明显，但如果⼈⼯智能能够取得进展，

那将产⽣难以置信的影响。

So these were the three reasons that pulled me towards Al.

这就是吸引我⾛向⼈⼯智能的三个原因。

That's why I thought that's a great area to spend all my efforts on.
这就是为什么我认为这是⼀个值得我投⼊全部精⼒的伟⼤领域。

So now let's come back to our artificial intelligence, the digital brains
现在让我们回到⼈⼯智能，即数字⼤脑。

Today, these digital brains are far less smart than our biological brains
如今，这些数字⼤脑远不如我们的⽣物⼤脑聪明。

When you speak to an Al chat bot, you very quickly see that it's not all there,
that it's, you know, it understands mostly,
sort of.
当你与⼈⼯智能聊天机器⼈交谈时，你很快就会发现它并不全部都在那⾥，它

是，你知道，它能理解⼤部分内容。

But you can clearly see that there are so many things it cannot do and that
there are some strange gaps.
但你可以清楚地看到，有很多事情它做不到，并且存在⼀些奇怪的差距。

But this situation, I claim, is temporary .

但我认为这种情况是暂时的。

As researchers and engineers continue to work on Al, the day will come when
the digital brains that live inside our computers will become as good and even
better than our own biological brains
随着研究⼈员和⼯程师继续致⼒于⼈⼯智能的研究，有⼀天，我们计算机中的

数字⼤脑将变得与我们⾃⼰的⽣物⼤脑⼀样好，甚⾄更好。
Computers will become smarter than us .
计算机将变得⽐我们更聪明。

We call such an Al an " AGI," artificial general intelligence .

我们将这种⼈⼯智能称为“AGI”，即通⽤⼈⼯智能。

When we can say that the level at which we can teach the Al to do anything
that, for example, I can do, or someone else.
当我们可以说我们可以教⼈⼯智能做任何事情的⽔平时，例如我或其他⼈可以

做的事情。

So although AGI does not exist today, we can still gain a little bit of an insight
into the impact of AGI once it's built.
因此，尽管今天 AGI还不存在，但我们仍然可以稍微了解⼀下 AGI 建成后的

影响。

It is completely obvious that such an AGI will have a dramatic impact on every
area of life, of human activity and society .
显然，这样的通⽤⼈⼯智能将对⽣活、⼈类活动和社会的各个领域产⽣巨⼤影

响。

And I want to go over a quick case study .

我想快速浏览⼀下案例研究

This is a narrow example of a very, very broad technology

这是⾮常⾮常⼴泛的技术的⼀个狭隘的例⼦。

The example I want to present is health care .

我想举的例⼦是医疗保健。

Many of you may have had the experience of trying to go to a doctor.

你们中的许多⼈可能都有过尝试去看医⽣的经历。

You need to wait for many months sometimes, and then when you do get to
see a doctor, you get a small, very limited amount of time with the doctor and
furthermore, the doctor, being only human, can have only limited knowledge
of all this, all the medical knowledge that exists
有时你需要等待好⼏个⽉，然后当你去看医⽣时，你与医⽣相处的时间⾮常有

限，⽽且，医⽣只是⼈类，对所有事情的了解也很有限。这就是现有的所有医
学知识。

And then by the end of it, you get a very large bill.
最后，你会收到⼀张⾮常⼤的账单。

Well, if you have an intelligent computer, an AGI, that is built to be a doctor, it

will have complete and exhaustive knowledge of all medical literature.
好吧，如果你有⼀台智能计算机，即 AGI，它是为医⽣⽽设计的，它将拥有所

有医学⽂献的完整⽽详尽的知识。

It will have billions of hours of clinical experience, and it will be always

available and extremely cheap.
它将拥有数⼗亿⼩时的临床经验，并且始终可⽤且极其便宜。

When this happens, we will look back at today's health care similarly to how
we look at 16 th century dentistry.
当这种情况发⽣时，我们将像回顾16 世纪的⽛科⼀样回顾今天的医疗保健。

You know, when they tied people with belts and then have this drill, that's how
today's health care will look like .
你知道，当他们⽤⽪带把⼈绑起来，然后进⾏这种演习时，这就是今天的医疗

保健的样⼦。

And again, to emphasize, this is just one example .

再次强调，这只是⼀个例⼦。

AGI will have dramatic and incredible impact on every single area of human
activity .
AGI 将对⼈类活动的各个领域产⽣巨⼤且令⼈难以置信的影响。

But when you see impact this large, you may wonder, " Gosh, isn't this
technology too impactful?" And indeed , for every positive application of AGI,
there will be a negative application as well.
但当你看到如此⼤的影响时，你可能会想，“天哪，这项技术的影响是不是太⼤

了？“事实上，对于通⽤⼈⼯智能的每⼀个积极应⽤，也会有消极的应⽤。

This technology is also going to be different from technologies that we are

used to , because it will have the ability to
improve itself.
这项技术也将不同于我们习惯的技术，因为它有能⼒⾃我改进。
It is possible to build an AGl that will work on the next generation of AGl.
构建⼀个适⽤于下⼀代AGI 的 AGI 是可能的。

The closest analogue we have to this kind of rapid technological improvement

is when the Industrial Revolution has taken place, where humans, the material
condition of human society, was very, very constant .
我们对这种快速技术进步最接近的类⽐是⼯业⾰命发⽣时，⼈类，即⼈类社会

的物质条件，是⾮常⾮常稳定的。

And then it was a rapid increase, rapid growth

然后是快速增⻓、快速增⻓。

With AGI, something like this could happen again, but on a shorter timescale .
有了通⽤⼈⼯智能，类似的事情可能会再次发⽣，但时间尺度会更短。

And then furthermore, there are concerns around if an AGI ever becomes
very, very powerful, which is possible, maybe it will want to go rogue being
that it is an agent.
此外，⼈们还担⼼通⽤⼈⼯智能是否会变得⾮常⾮常强⼤（这是有可能的），

因为它是⼀个特⼯，所以它可能会想要变得流氓。

So this is a concern that exists with this unprecedented, not yet existing
technology .
因此，这是这种前所未有的、尚不存在的技术所存在的担忧

And indeed, you look at all the positive potential of AGI and all the concerning
possibilities of AGI as well, and you may say,
"Gosh, where is this all headed?" One of my motivations in creating OpenAl
was, in addition to developing this technology , was also to address the
questions that are posed by AGI, the difficult questions, the concerns that we
raised
事实上，当你看到 AGI 的所有积极潜⼒以及 AGI 的所有相关可能性时，你可

能会说，“天哪，这⼀切将⾛向何⽅？“我创建 OpenAI 的动机之⼀是，除了开

发这项技术之外，也是为了解决 AGI 提出的问题、困难的问题以及我们提出

的担忧。

In addition to working with governments and helping them understand what is

coming and prepare for it, we are also doing a lot of research on addressing
the technological side of things, so that the Al will never want to go rogue.
除了与政府合作并帮助他们了解即将发⽣的事情并为此做好准备之外，我们还

进⾏了⼤量研究来解决技术⽅⾯的问题，以便⼈⼯智能永远不会想要失控。

And this is something which I'm working on as well.

这也是我正在努⼒的事情。

But I think, the thing to note, because Al and AGI is really the only area of the
economy where there is a lot of excitement, a lot of investment, everyone is
working on it, there's a huge number of labs in the world trying to build the
same thing
但我认为，值得注意的是，因为⼈⼯智能和通⽤⼈⼯智能确实是经济中难⼀令

⼈兴奋、⼤量投资的领域，每个⼈都在努⼒，世界上有⼤量的实验室在尝试建

造同样的东⻄。

Even if OpenAl takes these desirable steps that I mentioned, what about the
rest of the companies and the rest of the world
？

即使 OpenAI 采取了我提到的这些理想的步骤，那么其他公司和世界其他地⽅

呢？

And this is where I want to make my observation about the force that exists
这就是我想要对存在的⼒量进⾏观察的地⽅。

The observation is this: consider the world one year ago, as recently as one
year ago.
观察结果是这样的：考虑⼀年前的世界，最近⼀年前的世界。

People weren't really talking about Al, not in the same way at all.
⼈们并没有真正以同样的⽅式谈论⼈⼯智能。

What happened ?
发⽣了什么？

We all experienced what it's like to talk to a computer and to be understood

我们都经历过与计算机交谈并被理解的感觉。

The idea that computers will become really intelligent and eventually more
intelligent than us is becoming widespread.
计算机将变得真正智能并最终⽐我们更智能的想法正在变得普遍。
It used to be a niche idea that only a few enthusiasts and hobbyists and
people who were very into Al were thinking about.
它曾经是⼀个⼩众想法，只有少数爱好者和爱好者以及⾮常喜欢⼈⼯智能的⼈

在思考。

But now everyone is thinking about it.

但现在⼤家都在思考这个问题。

And as the Al continues to make progress, as technology continues to

advance, as more and more people see what Al can do and where it is
headed towards, then it will become clear just how dramatic, incredible and ...
almost fantastical AGI is
going to be and how much trepidation is appropriate.
随看⼈⼯智能不断进步，随着技术不断进步，随着越来越多的⼈看到⼈⼯智能

可以做什么以及它的发展⽅向，那么就会清楚AGI是多么戏剧性、令⼈难以置

信和……⼏乎是梦幻般的将会是什么以及多少恐惧是适当的。

And what I claim will happen is that people will start to act in unprecedentedly
collaborative way out of their own self-interest
我认为将会发⽣的是，⼈们将开始出于⾃⾝利益⽽以前所未有的协作⽅式采取

⾏动。

It's already happening right now.

现在已经发⽣了。

You see the leading AGI companies starting to collaborate for a specific
example, through the Frontier Model Forum.
您会看到领先的 AGI 公司开始通过前沿模型论坛针对特定示例进⾏合作。

And we will expect that companies that are competitors will share technical
information to make their Als safe.
我们预计竞争对⼿的公司将共享技术信息，以确保他们的⼈⼯智能安全。

We may even see governments do this

我们甚⾄可能会看到政府这样做。

For another example, at OpenAl, we really believed in how dramatic AGI is

going to be .
另⼀个例⼦，在 OpenAI，我们真的相信 AGI 将会有多么引⼈注⽬。
So one of the ideas that we were operating by, and it's been written on our
website for five years now, that when technology gets such that we are very,
very close to AGI, to computers smarter than humans, and if some other
company is far ahead of us, then rather than compete with them, we will help
them out, join them, in a sense.
因此，我们所遵循的想法之⼀，它已经在我们的⽹站上写了五年了，那就是，

当技术变得⾮常⾮常接近 AGI、⽐⼈类更聪明的计算机时，如果其他公司远远

领先于我们，那么我们不会与他们觉争，⽽是会在某种意义上帮助他们，加⼊

他们。

And why do that ?

为什么要这样做？

Because we feel, we appreciate how incredibly dramatic AGI is going to be .

因为我们感觉，我们很欣赏通⽤⼈⼯智能将会有多么令⼈难以置信的戏剧性。

And my claim is that with each generation of capability advancements, as Al

gets better and as all of you experience what Al can do, as people who run Al
efforts and AGI efforts and people who work on them will experience it as
well, this will change the way we see Al and AGI, and that will change
collective behavior
我的主张是，随看每⼀代能⼒的进步，随看⼈⼯智能变得更好，随看所有⼈都

体验到⼈⼯智能的能⼒，随看运⾏⼈⼯智能⼯作和通⽤⼈⼯智能⼯作的⼈们以

及从事这些⼯作的⼈们也会体验到已，这将改变我们看待⼈⼯智能和通⽤⼈⼯

智能的⽅式，这将改变集体⾏为。

And this is an important reason why I'm hopeful that despite the great
challenges that's posed by this technology , we will overcome them
这就是为什么我希望尽管这项技术带来了巨⼤的挑战，但我们能够克服它们的

⼀个重要原因。

Thank you.
谢谢