CATERPILLAR

SERVICE TRAINING
 STMC 289
,1 3

INTRODUCTION
The 8-speed semiautomatic transmission was
first used with the 621 Tractor-Scraper in
1967. All current 600 Series machines (except
the 613) now use this transmission. There are
some small differences between the transmissions
~n the large and small machines that will be
shown in this presentation. Because there
are so many machines that use this transmission,
it is important for dealer servicemen to
understand the operation of and test procedures
for the 8-speed semiautomatic transmission.
NOTE TO THE INSTRUCTOR: This presentation
(STMG 289, Part 1) gives a general explanation
of the semiautomatic transmission. Basic block
diagrams are used to show the flow of oil in
the transmission hydraulic system. To learn
the operation of the valves, the valve com­
ponents are shown. Slides number 2, 3, and 4
can be used to review hydraulic valve
nomenclature and operation.

This drawing is a section view of a pressure

control valve group. Listed below are several
review questions that can be used for
discussion.

l. Can you find the modulation relief valve?

2. What is its use in the system?
3. Can you give an explanation of its
operation?
4. Can you find the modulation reduction valve?
-~ 5. How is it different from the modulation
relief valve?
6. In this drawing, orifices are shown in two
different ways. Can you find them?
7. What effect does an orifice have on oil
flow and pressure?
NOTE TO THE INSTRUCTOR: For an explanation of
the operation of this valve and of the circuit
in the slide that follows, see STMG 232
"Transmission Hydraulic Circuit for 621, 623,
and 627 Wheel Tractor Scrapers" (Form
JEG06056).

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 STMG 289
Revised 4

This slide shows part of a transmission

hydraulic circuit.

1. Can you follow the flow of oil in this

schematic?
2. What do the different colors stand for?

This is an illustration of the effect of oil

pressure on a piston. The piston is shown
in yellow. Separate oil flows are shown in
light red and dark red.

1. If the oil pressure is the same on both

ends of the spool, will the spool move
to the right or left?
2. What effect does the oil in the vertical
passage have on the right and left
movement of the spool?

This slide shows a semiautomatic transmission

installed on a tractor-scraper. Many of its
components are common to the complete line of
semiautomatic transmissions. The same basic
semiautomatic control valves and selector
valves are used in all 8-speed transmissions.
(Newer machines have hydraulic downshift
inhibiting while early machines did not, but
the basic valves are the same.) There are
several small differences between the pressure
control valve used on the 621, 623, and 627 .~.
machines and the valve used on the larger
tractor-scrapers. The planetary groups have
a common design but are of different sizes.
Because all machines do not have the same
number of hydraulic pumps, there are different
designs for the pump drive and its housing.
Also, on early models, not all of the
hydraulic pumps were installed on the
transmission.

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 STMG 289
5

The hand control lever and control console

permit both manual and semiautomatic shifts
of the transmission. The transmission has
one reverse and eight forward gears.
During operation, the operator must make
manual shifts from NEUTRAL to REVERSE,
REVERSE to NEUTRAL, NEUTRAL to FIRST, FIRST
to SECOND, SECOND to FIRST, and FIRST to
NEUTRAL. The operator must also move the
control lever from the SECOND gear position
to any of the higher gear positions. As the
ground speed of the machine increases, the
transmission can automatically upshift to the highest gear setting of the control
lever.

• A decrease in ground speed will cause the transmission to automatically downshift

in the EIGHTH through SECOND gear ranges. On early machines (without downshift
inhibiting), downshifts can be made manually by movement of the control lever. On
newer machines, the transmission will not downshift until ground speed decreases,
~'!.eILif the control lever is moved to a lower gear position. This helps to prevent
damage to the engine and power train. '
Automatic upshifts and downshifts are made by changes in oil flow and oil pressure.
The oil flow and pressure changes are controlled by the rpm of the transmission
output shaft.
CAUTION
The downshift inhibiting feature works only for the direct drive shift
ranges. I f the selector lever is moved from a higher gear to FIRST or
REVERSE, the transmission WILL downshift.

The early model 621, 623 and 627 Tractor­

Scrapers have an external drive shaft between
the flywheel and the transfer gears at the
rear of the transmission. The 641 and larger
machines also have this same basic arrange­
ment. The transfer gears connec~ the drive
shaft and the input gear of the torque
converter.
On all current scrapers smaller than the 641,
the drive shaft goes through the transmission
+ housing.
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,

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STMG 289
Revised > 6

The power train of each of the 600 Series ~.I"

machines is similar to this illustration. 'It
Some power trains do not have the transfer
gears shown in the housing (blue) at the
rear of the flywheel.
The several oil pumps -­ steering, implement,
transmission, scavenge, and cushion hitch -­
are driven by the power train. Because they
have different locations on different
machines, the pump locations are not shown
on this illustration.
The transmission is installed on the rear
of all machines. Also, all machines have ~
transfer gears between the rear end of the
drive shaft and the torque converter input
gear. The transfer gears and housing (green)
are installed at the rear of the transmission.
The transfer gears drive the converter input
gear and the input shaft for the direct drive
ranges.

During converter drive (REVERSE, FIRST, and

SECOND gears), the No. I clutch is engaged.
When the No. I clutch is engaged, power flow
from the transfer gears to the torque
converter goes through the components shown
in red -- the input gear, the converter
housing, and the converter impeller. Power
flow goes from the torque converter through
the components shown in blue -- the turbine,
the hollow shaft, and the sun gear of the
No. I clutch. .~>
During direct drive (THIRD through EIGHTH
gears), the No. I clutch is not engaged. The
arrow at the left shows the input shaft
(yellow) that is driven directly by the
converter input gear. This shaft is connected
to the planetary carrier of the No. 2 clutch.
The stator in the torque converter has a
one-way clutch that lets the stator freewheel
(turn freely) when the No. I clutch is not
engaged.

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 STMG 289
Revised 7

The transmission has seven hydraulically

activated clutches that permit the use of
one reverse and eight forward gears. Two
clutches must be engaged to cause movement
of the machine.

• This chart shows the clutches that are

engaged for each of the nine gears and
NEUTRAL.
Movement of the transmission control lever
to any of the ten positions • . .

. . . moves the spools in this selector valve

group. This selector valve is used in all
8-speed transmissions. The selector valve
group is installed above the planetary
housing. There is an oil manifold between the
selector valve and the housing. The oil flow
to this valve group comes from the pressure
control valve group. The primary use of the
selector valve is to send oil to engage the

• correct clutches. The selector valve is also

used to block oil to the safety valve (in the
pressure control valve group) when the engine
is started with the control lever in any
position but NEUTRAL.
In the 8-speed semiautomatic transmission,
+ the four spools in the selector valve are
connected directly to the hydraulic shift
I spool in the automatic selector valve. There
t is no mechanical linkage between the hydraulic
shift spool and the transmission control
lever. The hydraulic shift spool is moved by
hydraulic pressure only.
 STMG 289
Revised 8

The pressure control valve group is installed

above the selector valve group (slide No. 12).
There is a separator plate between the two
valves. While the same basic pressure control
valve is used in all 8-speed transmissions,
there are some design differences between the
valves for different machines.
The pressure control valve sends some of the
oil flow in the transmission control circuit
through the selector valve to fill the
clutches. It controls the flow rate and
pressure increase of this oil to cause the
clutches to engage gradually. The pressure
control valve also directs the oil flow so
that the two clutches engage in the correct
sequence. The oil from the transmission pump
that is not used to fill and engage the
clutches is sent to the torque converter or
to the lubrication circuit. The oil then
returns to the oil sump.

This is a pressure control valve group for

one of the larger (631 and up) machines after
removal of some of the valve spools.
The valve at the top is the converter inlet
relief valve (sometimes called the ratio
valve). The converter inlet relief valve is
i used to limit the oil pressure to the torque
I converter.
Directly below the converter inlet relief
valve is the flow control valve. It is used
cc_ to control and limit the rate of oil flow to
the clutches. When clutches are engaged during low pump flow (low engine rpm), the
flow control valve sends most of the pump flow to the clutches. When clutches are
engaged during full pump flow, it sends most of the oil flow to the torque converter.
The maximum oil flow sent to engage the clutches is limited to approximately 15 gpm
(57 litres/min).
Below the flow control valve is a modulation relief valve. This valve and its load
piston control the pressure increase of the oil used to fill and engage clutches 4, 5,
6, and 7 (P2 pressure). On the smaller machines (621, 623, and 627), this valve
controls the pressure increase for clutches 4, 5, 6, and 7 (PI pressure).
Next is the safety valve. In its spring-held position it stops the flow of oil from
,t . the modulation relief valve to the clutches. When the selector valve spools are in
NEUTRAL, oil flow from the selector valve moves the safety valve and opens a passage
for oil flow to the selected clutches.
The bottom valve is another nlodulation relief valve. It controls the pressure
increase of the oil used to fill and engage clutches 1, 2, and 3 (PI pressure). On
the smaller machines (621, 623, and 627), a modulation reduction valve is installed ,~
in this location. It controls the pressure for clutches 1, 2, and 3 (P2 pressure).

7 •
 STMG 289
Revised 9

This slide shows the components removed from

the opposite side of the pressure control
valve body. The top valve assembly has a
check valve and a load piston reset valve.
These valves control the fill and drain of
the chamber of the upper load piston.
Next is the load piston for the modulation
relief valve (P2). Note that there is a wear
sleeve on the load piston. Early model
machines and the current 621, 623, and 627
do not have this wear sleeve. Another check
valve is shown in the main valve body. It is
used to drain the chamber of the lower load piston when a shift is made.
The load piston for the modulation relief valve (PI) is at the bottom.
Several early model tractor-scrapers were equipped with manual 8-speed transmissions.
The semiautomatic transmission control has all the components used in the controls
of the manually operated 8-speed transmission plus those components that are
necessary for automatic shifts. To make the explanation easier to understand, the
next two slides show a hydraulic control circuit for a manual 8-speed transmission.

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The block diagrams in this presentation show
only those components and oil passages that
are necessary for a basic explanation of the
system. If more information is needed, check
the Systems Operation section of the Service
Manual. The schematics in the Service Manual
show all components in detail.
This block diagram shows the flow of oil
from the transmission pump to the pressure
control and selector valves. The wide lines
(shown in red and orange) show the flow of
most of the pump output. The narrow lines
show the amount of pump flow used to fill and engage the clutches .

• In this diagram, the engine has been started with the selector valve spools in a
gear position other than NEUTRAL. Note that the pump flow (shown 'in red) is stopped
at the selector valve. In this condition, oil cannot return to the pressure control
valve through the horizontal passage (shown in blue) to open the safety valve. The
two passages that send oil at PI and P2 pressures to the selector valve are shown
as a single passage (also shown in blue) at the bottom of the pressure control
valve. In this control system (except 641), when two clutches are fully engaged,
PI pressure is the same as P2 pressure. As the clutches are filled, PI pressure
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increases to maximum before P2 pressure to permit the PI clutch to engage before
the P2 clutch.
When the safety valve is closed, there is no oil flow (PI or P2) from the pressure

•
control valve to the selector valve. All of the pump flow goes from the pressure
control valve through the upper passage (shown in orange) to the torque converter.
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 STMG 289
Revised 10

When the selector spools are in NEUTRAL at

engine start or moved to NEUTRAL after the
engine has been started, oil can flow from
the selector valve to the pressure control
valve and move the safety valve. This will
permit the oil (shown as red dots or pink)
to flow at a lower pressure from the pressure
control valve to the selector valve and be
available to engage the clutches.

This schematic shows the control circuit for

the semiautomatic transmission. Note that all
the components used in the control system for
the manually operated transmission (shown
in gray) are also used for the semiautomatic
controls; but, four components have been
til
added. The four new components are:
i
1. a priority valve (shown at the left center
1 of the schematic),
2. an automatic pressure control valve (shown
in brown),
3. a governor (shown in dark red), and
4. an automatic selector valve (shown in
yellow) .

The linkage that connects the upper spool in

the automatic selector valve (yellow) and ,~
the four spools in the selector valve (gray)
is not shown. As the ground speed of the
machine changes, the four added components
work together to automatically move the four
selector spools and cause a gear change.
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 STMG 289
Revised 11

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In the semiautomatic system, most of the pump
output flows through the filter, the priority
valve, the pressure control valve, the torque
converter, and is then returned to the sump.
As in the manually operated system (slides
No. 16 and 17), the pressure control valve
sends enough oil to the selector valve to
fill and engage the clutches. There is also
enough flow to the added (automatic) components
to operate the reduction valves, move spools,
and make up for oil leakage.

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The priority valve is not a separate component,
but is part of the automatic pressure control valve (arrows). The priority valve
makes sure that oil is sent to the automatic components before it is sent to the
pressure control and selector valves. When the pressure of the oil to the automatic
components increases to approximately 125 psi (860 kPa), the priority valve permits
oil to flow to the rest of the system.
There are four reduction valves in the automatic pressure control valve group (brown).
The passages that connect the automatic pressure control valve to the other components
are not shown on this schematic. There are three passages that connect to the
automatic selector valve group (yellow). Each of the passages has a different oil
pressure. The fourth reduction valve controls the pressure of the oil (shown with
red dots or pink) in the passage to the governor (dark red) and the automatic
selector valve group (yellow).

• The top spool (arrow) in the automatic

selector valve is the hydraulic shift spool.
The hydraulic shift spool is mechanically
connected to the four spools in the selector
valve (lower left corner). Directly below
the hydraulic shift spool is the manual shift
spool which is mechanically connected to the
transmission hand control lever. The manual
shift spool controls gear shifts to REVERSE,
NEUTRAL, FIRST, and SECOND. It also sets the

•
upper limit of upshifts after SECOND gear.
The body of the automatic selector valve has
many passages and valves which direct oil flow to cause movement of the hydraulic
shift spool. Oil is sent to the automatic selector valve at four different but
constant pressures and at three different pressures that constantly change (see
chart below). These pressures move valves that direct oil flow to cause movement
• of the hydraulic shift spool.
Constant Pressures Variable Pressures
Governor Supply Governor "All
2-3 Reference Governor IIB II
3-4, 5-6, 7-8 Reference Governor "e"
4-5, 6-7 Reference Pump*
*Pump pressure changes almost 100 psi (689 kPa) between low idle and high idle. Also,
pump pressure in converter drive is higher than pump pressure in direct drive.

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 STMG 289
Revised 12

The semiautomatic control circuit also has a

hydraulic governor (arrow). The governor is ~
driven directly from the transmission output
shaft. As the ground speed of the machine
increases, the speed of rotation of the
governor increases. When the ground speed of
the machine decreases, the speed of rotation
of the governor decreases.

There is a reduction valve in each leg of

the governor. The outlet pressure from each
of the reduction valves changes as the speed
of rotation of the governor changes. For
example, as the ground speed of the machine
increases, the speed of rotation of the
governor increases and the pressure of the
oil from each reduction valve increases.
Because each reduction valve has a different
setting, the pressure change of the output
oil from each leg is at a different rate. Oil
passages connect the outlet of each reduction
valve to the automatic selector valve.

The governor is installed behind the long

cover (left center of slide) at the rear of
the transmission. The four pressure taps in
the cover are used to check the pressure of
the supply oil to the governor and the
pressure of the outlet oil from each of the
three reduction valves.

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, The governor is removed with the cover. Be
sure to remove the O-ring (arrow) from the
end of the shaft before removal of the
governor from the shaft.
 STMG 289
Revised 13

This slide shows the components of the three

reduction valves after removal from the legs
of the governor. On each leg of the governor
is an identification letter (A, B or C). The
respective valves and retainers have the same
identification letter.
During assembly of the governor, use this
I identification to be sure that each component
is installed in its correct location. If the
components are mixed, the governor will not
operate correctly.

Note the differences between the components

of the three reduction valves. When the
governor is disassembled, be sure to keep
the components from each leg separate from
the others. Each reduction valve must be
assembled with its original parts. If the
number of washers between two valves are
exchanged, the governor will not operate
I,
correctly.
(The washers are installed at the factory
to set the governor at the correct
I specifications.)
i

The governor shaft has four oil grooves. The

top groove (the inner groove when installed)
permits the flow of supply oil to the three

~
reduction valves in the governor. Oil from
each of three other grooves flows from one
! of the reduction valves to the automatic
selector valve group in the transmission
control valve group.
STMG 289
Revised 14

This is a transmission control valve group for

an B-speed semiautomatic transmission. From
bottom to top, the components are:
1. an oil manifold (installed directly on top
of the transmission planetary group),
2. a separator plate,
3. the selector valve group,
4. a separator plate,
5. the pressure control group,
6. a separator plate,
7. the automatic pressure control valve (three
adjustment screws on the left of the
control group show the valve location),
8. a separator plate,
9. the automatic selector valve; and
10. the top cover (which has inlet passages
for oil flow from the three reduction
valves of the governor, an inlet passage
for P2 oil, and a governor cutoff valve).

This slide shows the bottom surface of the

top cover and the top surface of the automatic
selector valve. The many grooves in the
cover are used to direct oil from the top
cover to chambers in the automatic selector
valve and connect the oil chambers in the
automatic selector valve .

. _----~-----~----------------------
 STMG 289
Revised 15

This is a view of the bottom of the automatic

selector valve. The lower of the two spools
is the hydraulic shift spool. Movement of
this spool is controlled by pressure changes
of the oil from the reduction valves in the
governor. These pressure changes cause valve
movements that open and close oil passages to
control movement of the hydraulic shift spool.
There is direct mechanical connection between
the hydraulic shift spool and the four spools
in the selector valve.
The other spool (the manual shift spool) is
connected to the transmission hand control
lever at the right of the operator's seat.
When the hand control lever is moved to
REVERSE, NEUTRAL, FIRST, or SECOND gear
positions, movement of the hydraulic shift
spool always follows and shifts the spools
in the selector valve to the respective gear.
When the hand control lever is moved to the
THIRD gear position or higher, the hydraulic shift spool does not move from the
SECOND gear position until the rpm of the output shaft has increased to the necessary
shift point. As the rpm of the transmission output shaft increases, the transmission
will automatically upshift until the limit set by the hand control lever is reached.

This is the bottom surface of the automatic

selector valve. Inside this part of the valve
body are the automatic.. selection spools and
the holding slugs. The three larger openings
(around No.1) on either side and below the
center of the valve body are inlets to chambers
for the oil from the three reduction valves
in the governor.
The three slots (above No.2) along the outer
left side and the three similar slots along
the outer right side of the valve body are
openings for pump oil pressure to the holding
slug chambers. The six slots (below No.3) toward the center from each holding slug
chamber opening are inlets to chambers for oil from the three reduction valves in
the automatic pressure control valve. Three automatic selection spools can be seen
on each side of the valve body. Movement of the automatic selection spools is
controlled by oil flow to and from the chambers in the valve body.
NOTE: The valve body shown in this slide and in the next slide is from an early model
a-speed semiautomatic transmission. There are several differences between this valve
body and the newer design. The most important difference is that newer transmissions
have downshift inhibiting which prevents a manual downshift until the ground speed of
the machine has decreased to the correct shift point. To make this possible, pump
pressure to the holding slug chambers (No.2) and reference pressure to the six inner
slots (No.3) have been exchanged. A new automatic selector valve group and separator
plate can be installed in an early transmission to permit the machine to have down­
shift inhibiting .

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 STMG 289
Revised 16

Three of the six automatic selection spools

and three of the six holding slugs are shown
after removal from the valve body. During
operation, oil from one of the reduction
valves of the governor is against the left
end of each spool and its slug. Note that the
slugs for the automatic selection spools are
different sizes.

~"~~fE.".,
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,.. ,>~~>;.:::- -:-':~--'<
Each spool also has a drilled passage like
the passage that can be seen in the center
spool (arrow). These passages permit pressure
oil from the downshift reduction valve to flow
into the slug chamber of each spool (unless the chamber is opened to drain).
One of the reference pressures from the automatic pressure control valve is against
the right end of each spool and the left end of its holding slug. Unless the
chamber is opened to drain, pump pressure is against the right end of each holding
slug.
NOTE TO THE INSTRUCTOR: Remember, on newer machines wi th downshift inhibi ting, the
locations of the reference pressures and the pump pressure are exchanged. Also,
smaller holding slugs which fit inside of the automatic selector spools are used
instead of the large holding slugs.

The passages in the separator plate connect

chambers in the automatic selector valve
group. When the transmission control group
is assembled, the automatic selector valve
group is above this separator plate.
NOTE: This is the separator plate that must
be changed for conversion of the transmission
to downshift inhibiting.

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 STMG 289
Revised 17

•
In this slide, the automatic pressure control
valve is lifted above the plate that separates
it from the pressure control valve. Through
the opening (arrow) near the center of the
valve body, the priority valve can be seen.
Oil flow from the transmission pump goes to
this valve. It makes sure that pump oil flow
is first sent to the automatic section of the
circuit. After the pressure in the passages
and chambers to the downshift reduction valve
increases to approximately 125 psi (860 kPa),
the priority valve will permit oil to flow to

•
the remainder of the circuit.
In addition to the priority valve, this valve
body has four reduction valves. The reduction
valves send oil at lower pressures to the
automatic selector valve. These lower pressures
are used as reference (or control) pressures
for the automatic selection spools. Adjustments
of these lower pressures are made with the four screws on the left of the valve.
Removal of four plugs from the rear of the transmission case permits access to the
adjustment screws.
The valve at the right of the priority valve is an air-operated transmission hold
valve. When the hold valve is activated, oil flow to the hydraulic shift spool is
stopped, and the shift spool cannot move.

•
To the left of the valve body are the four
adjustment screws for the reduction valves
in the automatic pressure control valve. The
priority valve is between the adjustment
screws and the valve body. On the right side
of the valve body, the components (from top

•
to bottom) are: the downshift reduction valve,
the transmission hold valve, and the three
upshift reduction valves.

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 STMG 289
!I Revised 18

The separator plate that is lifted is installed ~

between the automatic pressure control valve ~~
and the pressure control valve group. The top
surface of the pressure control valve can be
seen below the separator plate.
NOTE: An explanation of the internal components
and the operation of the pressure control valve
was given in slides No. 13 and 14. This slide
shows the location of the valve in the
transmission control group_

After removal of the pressure control valve

and after the separator plate has been
lifted, the top of the selector valve can
be seen. The passages in the separator plate
permit the flow of supply oil to the pressure
control valve and the flow of oil from the
pressure control valve. Movement of the
spools sends this oil to the correct clutches
through the passages in the oil manifold that
is installed below the selector valve.

This is the top of the oil manifold after

removal of the selector valve and the
separator plate. In this view, the oil
passages through the manifold can be seen.
 STMG 2Sg
Revised 19

•
The bottom side of the oil manifold is in­
stalled toward the planetaries. Pump flow
comes in the opening (No.1) at the lower
left corner of the manifold. Lubrication oil
to the transfer gears goes through the
opening just above and to the left of the
opening for pump flow.
The four large openings in the finished
surface on the left side of the manifold are
for oil flow to and from the torque converter
and for oil flow to the No.1 and 2 clutches.
The small hole (No.2) to the right of the

• four large openings is for supply oil to the

No. 1 planetary gears and bearings. Inlet oil
from the torque converter is sent to this
hole. The six large openings on the right side
of the manifold permit oil flow to clutches
No. 3 through 7 and to the transmission
lubrication circuit. The two passages in the
lower right corner are for oil flow to and
from the oil cooler .

• Removal of a plate from the top cover of the

transmission permits the installation of
gauges in the pressure taps for the torque
converter inlet pressure, PI pressure, and
P2 pressure.
NOTE: The complete procedure to test and
adjust the transmission is not given in this
presentation. Always check the Transmission

•
Testing and Adjusting Section of the Service
Manual for the complete test procedure .

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~ STMG 289
Revised 20

I The gauge that is installed in the torque

converter pressure tap will give the pressure
of the oil passage (shown in orange) that
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connects the pressure control valve and the

torque converter. This oil pressure is the
result of the operation of the ratio (torque
converter inlet relief) valve in the pressure
control valve group. There is no adjustment
for the ratio valve. Flow from the valve
is controlled by the pressure ratio between
P2 oil pressure and the torque converter inlet
pressure. If this pressure (orange) is less
than the Service Manual specification, check for leakage in the torque converter. ~
If the pressure is higher than the specification, check for restriction in the ~'
torque converter or in the oil lines. (Be sure that the oil is at the normal
temperature for operation when a pressure test is made. Cold oil will cause a higher
pressure.)
In the first part of this presentation, it was shown that the outlet passage (red
dots or pink) from the bottom of the pressure control valve is an illustration of
the two passages to the selector valve. When gauges are installed in the pressure
taps for these passages (as in slide No. 40), the PI and P2 pressures can be read.
The gauge in the P2 pressure tap is used to check the pressure of the oil to clutches
No.1, 2, or 3 for the 621, 623, and 627 machines and for clutches No.4, 5, 6, and
7 for the other tractor-scrapers. The gauge in the PI pressure tap gives the
opposite pressures of the P2 for large and small machines.
On the smaller machines, only the pressures that engage the clutches can be read
with the gauges in the PI and P2 pressure taps (as shown in slide No. 40). To check
the initial (primary) pressure, it is necessary to remove the top cover of the
transmission and remove a bolt from the control valve group .

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 STMG 289
Revised 21

•
The three hoses shown are connected to pressure
taps for system pressure, torque converter
outlet pressure, and lubrication circuit
pressure. The pressure tap for system pressure
(also called pump pressure) is in the top
cover of the oil filter. Directly next to
the tap for system pressure is the tap for
torque converter outlet pressure. The third
tap (at the rear of the transmission) is
used to check the pressure of the lubrication
circuit.

•
The pressures which are read at the torque
converter outlet and at the lubrication circuit pressure taps are caused by restric­
tions in the passages of the system. There arc no relief valves for these circuit
pressures. Pressures that are higher than the correct specifications are an indication
that there is some other restriction or defect in the circuit, oil cooler, or
retarder (if used). Pressures that are lower than the specifications are an
indication of leakage in the torque converter or the oil lines.
During operation, the system pressure (at the filter cover) is higher than Pl or P2
pressure. The pressure taps for PI and P2 pressure are downstream (farther away from
the pump) of an orifice. Because of the pressure drop across the orifice, the
upstream pressure (toward the pump) is always higher. The pressure at which the
priority valve opens can be checked at the tap for system pressure. This check is
made under initial pressure conditions. At higher flow rates or higher Pl and P2
pressures, the priority valve stays open, and a test of its opening pressure cannot

• be made. If the opening pressure of the priority valve is not correct, add or remove
spacers under the priority valve spring.

This schematic shows why the opening pressure

of the priority valve must be checked under
initial conditions. The PI or P2 initial
pressure is approximately one-half the opening
pressure of the priority valve. Under initial

•
conditions, the priority valve opens and its
opening pressure can be read at the filter.
The pressure of the remainder of the circuit
is less than the opening pressure of the
priority valve.
As the clutches are engaged, Pl and P2 pressures
increase to approximately two or three times
the opening pressure of the priority valve. In
this condition, the priority valve is held
open. Because of an orifice at the inlet of
the pressure control valve, the pressure at the
filter is higher than the pressure that engages
the clutches.
 STMG 289
Revised 22

Earlier in this presentation the four ~

pressure reduction valves in the automatic ,,~t
pressure control valve were shown (see slides
No. 33, 34, and 35). Oil from the three valves
(1) flows at reduced (lower) pressures to
the chambers near the center of the automatic
selection spools in the automatic selector
valve. Oil from each of the three legs of
the governor (2) changes pressure as the rpm
of the transmission output shaft changes.
This oil goes to chambers at the inner ends
of the automatic selection spools (see slides
No. 31 and 32). The difference between these
two oil pressures causes movement of the ~.
automatic selection spools. The result is a
gear change in the transmission.
The purpose of the automatic controls is to
cause the transmission to shift to another
gear at a specific engine rpm. The adjustment
of each outlet pressure from the reduction
valves to cause transmission shifts is made
at specific engine speeds. This is the reason
why the Service Manual gives an engine rpm
specification to set shift points instead of
the outlet pressure of the reduction valves.

Removal of the left plug from the row of four

plugs permits access to the adjustment screw
for the downshift reduction valve (as shown).
The other three plugs permit access to the
adjustment screws for the three upshift
reduction valves. From left to right, the
three adjustment screws control:

1. The reference pressure for upshift from

SECOND to THIRD;
2. The reference pressure for upshifts from ~
THIRD to FOURTH, FIFTH to SIXTH, and
SEVENTH to EIGHTH; and
3. The reference pressure for upshifts from
FOURTH to FIFTH and from SIXTH to SEVENTH.

,
 STMG 289
Revised 23

The row of three pressure taps in the top of

the governor cover are marked A, B, and C.
Gauges installed in these taps show the
pressure of the oil from the A, B, and C legs
of the governor. The pressure tap (arrow)
directly below the A, B, and C t~ps is for
governor supply pressure. A chart in the
Service Manual shows the approximate pressure
for each upshift and downshift.
NOTE TO THE INSTRUCTOR: This is now a good
time to take the servicemen out to the machine
and disassenwle the transmission control group.
Make an identification of all valves and
passages. Assemble the components and run a
performance check for the transmission. Then,
use the Service Manual to check the pressures
and the shift point settings •