Lecture 2

Technology for Success: Computer Concepts
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Microsoft® Office 365® & Office 2019, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights
Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Module 4
Operating Systems and File Management
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the pros and cons of different types of operating systems
• Explain how an operating system works
• Personalize a computer operating system, as well as its software and
hardware, to increase productivity
• Manages files and folders
The Pros and Cons of Different Types of Operating
Systems
• Explain the differences between an operating system and system software
• Explain the differences between the major operating systems
• Identify the desktop components
Differences Between Operating Systems and
System Software
• System software: The software that runs a computer, including the
operating system and the utilities
• Operating system (OS): a program that manages the complete operation of
your computer or mobile device and lets you interact with it.
o Platform
o Most operating systems come installed on your computer or device
Differences Between the Major Operating Systems (1 of 5)
Standard Operating System Functions

• Starting and shutting down a computer or device
• Managing programs
• Managing memory
• Coordinating tasks
• Configuring devices
• Establishing an Internet connection
• Monitoring performance
• Providing file management
• Updating operating system software
• Monitoring security
• Controlling network access
Operating Systems Features

• Graphical user interface (GUI)
• Utilities
• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Open/closed source
Desktop Operating Systems

Table 4-2: Desktop operating systems
OS Available for Notable features
Windows Desktop computers, Supports the Cortana virtual assistant, touchscreen input, HoloLens
laptops, and some tablets headsets, and built-in apps such as the Microsoft Edge browser
macOS Macintosh desktop Includes the Siri virtual assistant, coordination with Apple mobile
computers and laptops devices, and cloud file storage
UNIX Most computers and Multitasking operating system with many versions, as the code is
devices licensed to different developers
LINUX Desktop computers, Distributed under the terms of a General Public License (GPL),
laptops, and some tablets which allows you to copy the OS for your own use, to give to others,
or to sell
Chrome Chromebook laptops Based on Linux, uses the Google Chrome browser as its user
OS interface, and primarily runs web apps (an app stored on an Internet
server that can be run entirely in a web browser)
Server Operating Systems

Table 4-3: Server operating systems
OS Notable features
Windows Server The server version of Windows. It includes advanced security tools and a set of
programs called Internet Information Services that manage web apps and
services.
macOS Server Supports all sizes of networks and servers. One unique feature is that it lets
authorized users access servers their iPhones or other Apple devices.
UNIX A multipurpose operating system that can run on a desktop PC or a server.
Many web servers, which are Internet computers that store webpages and
deliver them to your computer or device, use UNIX because it is a powerful,
flexible operating system.
Mobile Operating Systems

Table 4-4: Mobile operating systems
OS Notable features
Android Developed by Google based on LINUX, and designed to be run on many types of
smartphones and tablets
iOS Runs only on Apple devices, including the iPhone, iPad, and iPod; derived from
macOS
Identify Desktop Components
Desktop
• Window
• Menu
• Dialog boxes
• File
o Data file
o Executable file
o File format
o File extension
• Folder
o Library
Explain How an Operating System Works
• Describe the purpose of an operating system
• Describe how an operating system manages memory
• Outline the steps necessary for the boot process
• Explain how operating systems manage input and output
The Purpose of an Operating System
• Responsible for coordinating the resources and activities on a computer
• Manages interactions between hardware and software
Describe How an Operating System Manages Memory
Memory
• Volatile memory
• Nonvolatile memory
• RAM (random access memory)
• Cache
• Virtual memory
• ROM (read-only memory)
• Flash memory
Steps in the Boot Process
Boot Process
1. The computer receives power from the power supply or battery and sends it
to the circuitry
2. The processor runs the bootstrap program
3. The bootstrap program executes a series of tests to check the components
4. The computer loads the operating system files into RAM, including the
kernel
5. The computer loads the system configuration information and loads startup
programs
How Operating Systems Manage Input and Output
Input and Output
• Input: any data and instructions
entered into the memory of a
device
• Output: information processed
into a useful form
• Output is the goal of input
• Buffer/Spooling
Personalize an OS to Increase Productivity
• Customize system software
• Customize hardware using system software
• Manage desktop windows
• Use administrative tools
Customize System Software (1 of 2)
Customize Settings—change default
settings
• Change screen brightness
• Add desktop themes
• Adjust screen resolution
• Adding a sound scheme
• Pinning frequently used apps to the
taskbar
• Selecting items to appear in the
Notification area
Customize System Software (2 of 2)
• Link your smartphone to your computer
• Uninstall apps
• Add accounts
• Manage network connections
• Adjust privacy settings
• Customize desktop
o Move taskbar
o Add shortcuts
Customize Hardware Using System Software
Customize Hardware
• Pointing device
o Switch mouse buttons
o Adjust trackpad sensitivity
• Keyboard
o Change commands associated with
certain keys/keyboard shortcuts
o Change language/dialect
o Adjust settings for toggle keys
Manage Desktop Windows (1 of 2)
Common Elements of Windows
• Center area displays contents
• Title bar at the top displays the name of
the app, file, or folder shown in the
window
• Buttons
o Maximize
o Minimize
o Close
o Restore Down
• Vertical and horizontal scroll bars
Manage Desktop Windows (2 of 2)
• Multiple windows can be open at once and appear side-by-side or stacked
o The active window is the one currently being used
o Windows can be resized and dragged to new locations
• Program window
• Folder window
Use Administrative Tools (1 of 6)
Resources
• Components required to perform work
(processor, RAM, storage space, and
connected devices)
• Windows Task Manager
• Interact with a GUI
o Tile
o Icon
o Button
Adjust Power Settings
• Shutdown/sleep options
• Battery usage
Utilities
• Disk cleanup utility
• Recycle bin/trash
• File utilities
o File management
o Search tool
o File compression
Customize Windows Operating System
• Settings app
• Control panel
• Menus
o Shortcut menu
o Dialog box
• Option/radio buttons
• Check boxes
• List boxes
Run More than One Operating System
• Virtual machine
o Requires an app that is specifically designed to set up and manage virtual
machines
o Installation files for the operating system to run on the virtual machine are also
required
o Runs on a partition
Manage User Accounts
• User accounts identify the resources a user can access when working with
the computer
• Protect your computer against unauthorized access
• Administrator account provides full access
Manage Files and Folders
• Compress and uncompress files
• Save files to folders and filing systems
• Determine file properties
• Manage file names and file placement
• Manage folder names and folder placement
• Organize files using file management tools
Compress and Uncompress Files
• File size is usually measured in kilobytes (KB) (thousands of bytes of data),
megabytes (MB) (millions of bytes of data), or gigabytes (GB) (billions of
bytes of data)
• Files and folders may need to be compressed before they can be shared or
transferred
Save Files to Folders and Filing Systems
• Name the file
• Save to the computer, flash drive, or cloud
• If creating or editing a file, it should be saved
frequently
o Files you work on using a web app save changes
as you make them
• Use the Save As or Save a Copy dialog box to
save a file with a new name or in a new location
Determine File Properties
• Every file has properties, such as
name, type, location, and size
• Dates: when the file was created,
modified, last accessed
• The operating system assigns some
properties to files, such as type or
format, and updates other properties,
such as date, size, and location
Manage File Names and File Placement (1 of 2)
File Names
• When you save a file, you must give it a name that follows your operating
system’s rules for file-naming conventions
• Most file names contain an extension that tells about its contents, such as
the type of platform or app on which the file can be used
• File name extensions are added automatically when you save a file, but you
can change the extension in some cases
Manage File Names and File Placement (2 of 2)
File Placement
• Each folder can only include one file with the same name of the same type
• Be as specific as possible when naming files
• Copying or moving files: use the Clipboard or drag between file
management windows
• To open a saved file, navigate to the file’s location using the file manager or
the Open dialog box from within a program or app. Double-click it or select it
and click the Open button.
Manage Folder Names and Folder Placement
• You can create a new folder in a file
manager such as File Explorer or
Finder
• To create a folder, click the New folder
button in your file manager. The folder
name by default is “New folder.” To
rename the folder something
meaningful, select the folder and click it
again to make it editable, then type the
name and enter.
• Within file manager, you can move,
copy, and delete folders the same as a
file
Organize Files Using File Management Tools
File Management
• Windows 10: File Explorer
• macOS: the Finder
• File manager functions
o View frequently or recently opened
files and folders
o View the main folders on your
computer or device
o Search by file name, content, date,
and more
Module 2
The Web
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the role of the web in daily life
• Describe websites and webpages
• Use e-commerce
• Explain how information literacy applies to
web searches and research
• Conduct online research
The Role of the Web in Daily Life
• Define web browsing terms
• Explain the purpose of a top-level domain
• Describe Internet standards
Define Web Browsing Terms (1 of 3)
Web Browsing Terms
• Internet
• Webpage
• Website
• Browser
o Navigate
o Home/Start page
o Hyperlinks
Keep Track of Webpages
• Uniform resource locator
o Protocol (Hypertext Transfer
Protocol, HTTP)
o Server address
o Pathname
o File name
• Web server
o IP address
o Domain name
Navigate the Web
• Address bar
• Cache
• Breadcrumbs
• Navigation bar
Explain the Purpose of a Top-Level Domain
Top-Level Domain (TLD)
Table 2-2: Popular TLDs in the United States
TLD Generally used for
.biz Unrestricted use, but usually identifies business
.com Most commercial sites that sell products and services
.edu Academic and research sites such as schools and universities
.gov U.S.government organizations
.int International treaty organizations
.mil Military organizations
.mobi Sites optimized for mobile devices
.net Network providers, ISPs, and other Internet administrative organizations
.org Organizations such as political or not for profit (any website can have the .org TLD but, traditionally,
only professional and non-profit organization such as churches and humanitarian groups use it)
.pro Licensed professional
Describe Internet Standards
Internet Standards
• Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)
• World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)
Describe Websites and Webpages
• Identify the types of websites
• Explain the pros and cons of web apps
• Identify the major components of a webpage
• Identify secure and insecure websites
Identify Types of Websites
Categories
Banking and Entertainment Portals
finance
Blogs Government or Retail and auctions
organization
Bookmarking Health and fitness Science
Business Information and research Search sites
Careers and Mapping Travel and tourism
employment
Content aggregation Media sharing Website creation
and management
E-commerce News, weather, sports, Web apps and
and other mass media software as a
service (SaaS)
educational Online social networks Wikis and
collaboration
Explain the Pros and Cons of Web Apps
Pros Cons
Access web apps from any device with a You must be online to use web apps.
browser and Internet connection.
Collaborate with others no matter their Your files are more vulnerable to security
location. and privacy violations.
Store your work on the app’s website so If the web app provider has technical
you can access it anytime and anywhere. problems, you might not be able to access
your work.
Save storage space on your device If the web app provider goes out of
business, you can lose your files.
Access the latest version of the app without Web apps often offer fewer features and
installing updates. may run more slowly than installed apps.
The Major Components of a Webpage
Five Major Areas
• Header
• Navigation bar
• Body
• Sidebar
• Footer
Identify Secure and Insecure Websites
Secure Websites
• Use encryption to safeguard
transmitted information
• Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
(HTTPS)
• Use digital certificates to vouch for
authenticity of the website
• Lock icon
• Requires sign-in with
username/password before entering
sensitive information
Use E-Commerce
• Explain the role of e-commerce in daily life
• Use e-commerce in business transactions
• Use e-commerce in personal transactions
• Explain how to find e-commerce deals
Explain the Role of E-Commerce in Daily Life (1 of 2)
Types of e-commerce websites
Type of E- commerce Description Example

Business-to-consumer Involves the sale of goods Shopping websites
(B2C) and services to the general
public
Consumer-to-consumer Occurs when one consumer Online auctions
(C2C) sells directly to another
Business-to-business Consists of business Market research websites
(B2B) providing goods and
services to other business
Explain the Role of E-Commerce in Daily Life (2 of 2)
Pros and cons of e-commerce for consumers
• Pros
o Variety
o Convenience
o Budget
• Cons
o Security
o Fraud
o Indirect experience
Use E-Commerce in Business Transactions
B2B E-Commerce
• Transferring goods, services, or information between businesses
• Pricing can vary based upon the level of service provided, negotiated terms,
and other factors
• A team of people often review and make a purchasing decision
Use E-Commerce in Personal Transactions
B2C/E-Retail
• Electronic storefront
• Tracks your selected items using cookies
• Make secure e-commerce payments
o 3D Secure
o Transport Layer Security (TLS)
o Online payment services
Explain How to Find E-Commerce Deals
Find Online Deals
• Comparison shopping sites
• Using digital deals
o Gift certificates
o Gift cards
o Coupons
Apply Information Literacy to Web Searches
• Define information literacy
• Explain how search engines work
• Use search tools and strategies
• Refine web searches
Define Information Literacy
Information Literacy
• How one finds, evaluates, uses, and communicates online information
• Allows one to:
o Navigate many sources of information, including the Internet, online libraries, and
popular media sites.
o Select the right tool for finding the information you need.
o Recognize that not all information is created equal.
o Evaluate whether information is misleading, biased, or out of date.
o Manage information to become a knowledgeable decision maker.
Explain How Search Engines Work
General Search Engine
• Compiles a database of information about webpages
• Uses software programs called spiders or crawlers to build an index of
terms and their locations
• When one enters a query, the search engine refers to its index and lists
pages based on how closely they answer the query
• Ranking depends on how often and where a search term appears on the
webpage, how long the webpage has been published, and the number of
other webpages that link to it
Use Search Tools and Strategies (1 of 2)
Search Tools
• Find online information based on criteria you specify or selections you make
• Search engines
• Search boxes on webpages
• Web directory or subject directory
• Specialized search tools concentrate on specific resources
Use Search Tools and Strategies (2 of 2)
Use a Search Strategy
• State what kind of information you are
seeking, as specifically as possible
• Phrase the search term as a question
• Identify the keywords or phrases that
could answer the question
• Select an appropriate search tool
• Perform the search, and refine the web
search to narrow or broaden the results
o Use a word stem to help broaden results
Refine Web Searches (1 of 3)
Learning from the Search Engine
Results Page (SERP)
• Subject filters
• Time filters
• Questions other users often ask
about the same subject
• Search terms related to the original
term
• Knowledge graph pulled from online
sources
Search Engine Practices
• Lists the most relevant results, or hits, on the first page.
• Results labeled as an “Ad” or “Sponsored link” are from advertisers
• Each type of filter offers related features
• Google displays a “People also search for” list below a link you visited
Boolean Operators
Table 2-6: Common search operators
Operator Means Example

“” (quotation Find webpages with the exact “augmented reality” in business
marks) words in the same order
| (vertical bar) OR augmented | virtual
- (hyphen) NOT augmented reality – virtual
* Wildcard (placeholder for any augmented* reality
number of characters)
#..# Find webpages within a range augmented reality 2017..2022
of numbers
Conduct Online Research
• Use specialty search engines
• Evaluate online information
• Gather content from online sources
• Apply information literacy standards
Use Specialty Search Engines
Specialty Search Engines
• Let one search information sources that general search engines do not
always access
Search tool What it does
Wolfram Alpha Answers factual questions directly, without listing webpages that might
contain the answer
RhythmOne Finds videos or other multimedia; uses speech recognition to match the
audio part of a video with your search term
Ask a Librarian Connects you to librarians at the Library of Congress and other libraries;
allows you to engage in an online chat or submit your question in an
online form
TinEye Does a reverse search for submitted images, rather than keywords, to
locate the original image and match it with other indexed images
Evaluate Online Information
The CARS Checklist
• Credibility: identify the author and check credentials
• Accuracy: verify facts and claims, check for bias
• Reasonableness: examine whether the claims are fair and sensible
• Support: look for reputable sources and authorities
Gather Content from Online Sources
Follow Ethical Guidelines
• Copying photos might violate intellectual property rights
• A copyright gives authors and artists the legal right to
sell, publish, or distribute an original work
• Some online resources are protected by digital rights
management (DRM), which limit access to propriety
rights
• Some material is in the public domain and can be used
without permission
• The fair use doctrine allows one to use a sentence or
paragraph of text without permission with citation to the
original source
• Creative Commons (CC): a nonprofit organization that
helps content creators keep copyright to their materials
while allowing others to use, copy, or distribute their work
Apply Information Literacy Standards
Citing Sources
• A citation is a formal reference to a source
• Each type of information source uses a different citation style
• Failure to cite sources, even if some of the words are changed or
paraphrased, is plagiarism
Module 12
Digital Transformation: Cloud, E-commerce, and AI
Campbell/Ciampa/Clemens/Freund/Frydenberg/Hooper/Ruffolo/West, Technology for Success: Computer Concepts, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All
Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Lesson Objectives
• Explain the basic concepts of cloud computing
• Describe ways companies do business on the Internet
• Explain the basic concepts of artificial intelligence (AI)
• Use AI technologies
• Analyze ways to communicate more proficiently with AI systems
Campbell/Ciampa/Clemens/Freund/Frydenberg/Hooper/Ruffolo/West,
Carey/Pinard/Shaffer/Shellman/Vodnik, New Perspectives Collection, Technology for ®Success:
Microsoft Office Computer Concepts,
365® & Office 2019,1st
1stEdition.
Edition.©©2020
2020Cengage.
Cengage.All Rights Reserved.
All Rights
May not be scanned,
Reserved. May notcopied or duplicated,
be scanned, copiedororposted to a publicly
duplicated, accessible
or posted website,accessible
to a publicly in whole orwebsite,
in part. in whole or in part.
Explain the Basic Concepts of Cloud Computing (1 of 2)
• Identify defining characteristics of cloud computing
• Compare the most common cloud computing models
• List major cloud providers and services
• Explain how cloud services are used in the workplace
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Explain the Basic Concepts of Cloud Computing (2
of 2)
• Cloud computing: providing and

using computer tools, such as
software, via the Internet
o Private cloud: does not use the
Internet
o Public cloud: multiple customers use
the same, Internet-connected cloud
• Person or business pays a fee to
use someone else’s hardware
Figure 12-1: When hosting a website in the

cloud, the website owner does not have to
purchase or maintain their own hardware
Campbell/Ciampa/Clemens/Freund/Frydenberg/Hooper/Ruffolo/West, Technology for Success: Computer Concepts, 1st Edition. © 2020 Cengage. All Rights Reserved.
May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
Identify Defining Characteristics of Cloud
Computing
• The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has defined five
essential characteristics of cloud technology
Figure 12-2: Five essential

characteristics of cloud technology
Compare the Most Common Cloud Computing
Models
• Cloud services can be generally categorized according to the service’s role
Figure 12-4: SaaS services are more

immediately accessible to a wide
market of users than other categories
of cloud services
List Major Cloud Providers and Services
• A handful of companies lead the cloud provider market
o Amazon Web Services
o Microsoft Azure
o Google Cloud Platform
o IBM Cloud
o China’s Alibaba Cloud
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Explain How Cloud Services Are Used in the
Workplace
• Cloud-hosted resources are used to do many tasks
o Track work schedule and hours worked
o Make changes to tax withholdings or benefits disbursements
o Share files with colleagues
o Collaborate with teammates on projects, deadlines, and events
o Complete on-the-job training
o Access customized workstation from any computer
o Use robust applications without having to install expensive software
o Work with expansive company data from across multiple departments
o Keep a more flexible work schedule
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Describe Ways Companies Do Business on the
Internet (1 of 2)
• Describe the roles of physical and virtual stores in omnichannel marketing
• Compare types of e-commerce platforms
• Describe high-growth jobs in the e-commerce industry
• Build trust through a good e-commerce website
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Describe Ways Companies Do Business on the
Internet (2 of 2)
• E-business: any kind of business activity conducted online
o Some e-businesses use cloud-hosted resources, such as a video conferencing
web app, while others rely on websites
• E-commerce: process of conducting buy and sell transactions on an
electronic network
o Most companies these days have reached the conclusion that e-commerce is a
necessary component to their overall business strategy
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Describe the Roles of Physical and Virtual Stores
in Omnichannel Marketing
• Retailers increasingly use multiple types of contact, such as an online store
and a physical store, to reach a customer
o This omnichannel strategy might also include targeted ads on social media, paid
results on search engines, or contacts by email or phone
• Companies attempt to match the customer’s specific interests
o Unique selling proposition (USP): statement about how the company and its
products are different and better than the competition
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Compare Types of E-commerce Platforms
• Transaction types
o Business-to-consumer (B2C): sale of goods and services to the general public
o Consumer-to-consumer (C2C): one consumer sells directly to another
o Business-to-business (B2B): businesses providing goods and services to other
businesses
• Platform types
o Online storefront: website or smartphone app for buying and selling products or
services
o Online marketplace: virtual meeting place for buyers and sellers
o Social media: opportunity for sellers to showcase their products or advertise their
websites
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Describe High-Growth Jobs in the E-commerce
Industry
• Retailer growth results in expanded job opportunities
o Customer service representatives
o Shipping, receiving, and traffic clerks
o Hand pickers and packagers
o Freight, stock, and material movers
o Delivery and truck drivers
o General and operations managers
o Market research analysts and marketing specialists
o Application and web developers
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Build Trust through a Good E-commerce Website
• Retailers use a variety of strategies to meet shifting customer expectations
o Post clear and well-lit product photos
o List shipping and other add-on expenses on each product page
o Add security seals and license badges
o Extend customer service hours
o Offer flexible return policies
o Publish personalized information on the company’s “About” page
• The 3 Cs of e-commerce
o Content, community, context
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Explain the Basic Concepts of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) (1 of 2)
• Identify ways people use AI in daily life
• Compare common AI learning models
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Explain the Basic Concepts of Artificial
Intelligence (AI) (2 of 2)
• AI technologies can already perform some impressive tasks and processes
o Not limited to voice-based interactions between a human and computer
o Processes often run in the background to provide useful insights from data or to
operate machinery without direct human oversight or intervention
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Identify Ways People Use AI in Daily Life
• Artificial intelligence (AI) is the technological use of logic and prior
experience to simulate human intelligence
o Contacting a website’s customer service using a chatbot feature on a website
• Machine learning (ML)
o Interacting with a personal assistant phone app
• Natural language processing (NLP)
o Accessing social media feeds
• AI processes function in the background of an application or website service
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Compare Common AI Learning Models (1 of 3)
Figure 12-14: Many technologies might contribute to a functioning AI system
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• An AI system needs incoming information, called a dataset, to learn from
o Might use one of these learning models to guide how it engages with datasets:
• Supervised learning
• Unsupervised learning
• Reinforcement learning
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Figure 12-16: Deep learning

allows for pattern recognition
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Use AI Technologies (1 of 2)
• Describe how AI supports smart devices and the Internet of Things
• Identify ways people use AI in the workplace
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Use AI Technologies (2 of 2)
• AI is an integral part of our daily technological lives
o Many processes happen in the background and don’t require special knowledge
on the part of the user
• It’s helpful to have a basic understanding of AI and its underlying technologies
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Describe How AI Supports Smart Devices and the
Internet of Things
• Smart devices are considered “smart” because they can be programmed to
make decisions without direct human intervention
o To work properly, they typically must be connected to the Internet through a Wi-
Fi or Bluetooth connection
• Collectively, the devices (which all contain embedded processors) are
referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT)
o AI’s role in a smart home environment revolves around the user’s interaction with
voice commands as well as processing data collected from IoT devices
o Personal devices such as a smart watch or a medical sensor might incorporate
AI capabilities for data processing or human interactions
o IoT has also permeated the manufacturing, medical, and financial industries, as
well as many others
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Identify Ways People Use AI in the Workplace
• Forms of AI you might need to interact with on the job:
o Data analytics: manage data and detect patterns that improve business
processes and answer questions related to strategic planning
o Robotic process automation (RPA): automatic processes running on servers that
input or transfer data
o AI-powered chatbots: serve a variety of purposes, such as FAQ bots to answer
common questions about typical business, conversational bots that can provide
problem-solving support and assist in finding a product or service, and
transactional bots that assist with making purchases and payments or returning
items
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Analyze Ways to Communicate More
Proficiently with AI Systems (1 of 2)
• Phrase effective AI commands
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Analyze Ways to Communicate More
Proficiently with AI Systems (2 of 2)
• A significant goal of AI developers is to advance AI technology sufficiently so
that human users can’t tell the difference between a machine and a human
on the other end of a conversation
o A sufficiently advanced AI system could sound just as natural and be just as
responsive as a human technician
• This challenge, which AI has not yet fully met, is called the Turing Test
o Some systems have managed to trick users in specific situations
• Tend to be very limited in scope
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Phrase Effective AI Commands (1 of 2)
• Smartphone apps and smart speakers listen for a wake word that alerts the
app to record and interpret whatever is said
o If you want Alexa to give you the day’s weather forecast, you might say, “Alexa,
what’s the weather for today?”
• Alexa detects the wake word “Alexa,” and then records and interprets whatever
comes next
o Developers must consider the many possible variations in the ways different
people might ask for a weather update
• “Alexa, get me the weather forecast.”
• “Alexa, what’s the weather like?”
• “Alexa, how cold will it be today?”
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Phrase Effective AI Commands (2 of 2)
• Cloud, e-commerce, and artificial intelligence technologies are designed to
make technology more accessible, support a global economy, and help
streamline repetitive or predictable tasks
o These technologies are already used extensively in diverse and creative ways,
and will continue to increase in their ability to anticipate user needs
• By understanding some basics of how these systems work, you can better
take advantage of the benefits they offer
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Lecture 2

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Lecture 2

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Technology for Success: Computer Concepts

Operating Systems and File Management

Standard Operating System Functions

Operating Systems Features

Desktop Operating Systems

Server Operating Systems

Mobile Operating Systems

Type of E- commerce Description Example

Operator Means Example

• Cloud computing: providing and

Figure 12-1: When hosting a website in the

Figure 12-2: Five essential

Figure 12-4: SaaS services are more

Figure 12-14: Many technologies might contribute to a functioning AI system

Figure 12-16: Deep learning

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