Topic aba ot « Link Canals and their salient features ¢ Barrages in Pakistan OVS ae. ES —What is a Canal? + An artificial waterway for navigation or for draining or irrigating land. /Canal System of Pakistan The irrigation and canal system of Pakistan is regarded as best among others worldwide. It is also the largest. About three fourth of the agricultural land of Pakistan comes under this canal system. At present Pakistan has three os dams and eighty five small dams in this s These dams are controlled by 19 b of 57 canals are included in thiHistory in Subcontinent * Controlled irrigation began in around 1859 with the completion of the pees eed Doab Canal (UBDC) from Ma Headworks (now in Indi Until that time, iTypes of canals in Pakistan * Canal System of Pakistan consist of three main important types of canals: ¢ Perennial CanalsPerennial Canals Perennial canals ensure regular supply of water all the year round. These canals supply water to farmer's field. Per canals sprout from barrag These are crucial in can akistan.* Apart from these Uper Jehlum and river Sutlej’s Canals are also im Tri Headworks is the starting Canals. While canals o}Non-Perennial Canals Non-perennial canals only run in Monsoon and summer. They get their water from rains. This cai E many canals. ineed incInundation Canals Rainy weather and season is the only time when these canals run. It actually happens due to raised le’ ‘ |Indus water treaty between India & Pakistan + Treaty of Indus Water was signed between two nations (Pakistan and India) in 1960 due to the water clashes between them : The history of this treaty goes b months after independence division of Punjab got he rivers that flow in Paki* This treaty guaranteed Pakistan the water from 3 western rivers. These include Jehlum, Indus and Chenab, India got water from the 3 remaining eastern EIS: These included Ravi, Sut the treaty there started co massive dams in Pakiste canals were constructe igation system of fLink Canals * The total length of canals in Pakistan is about 56,073 km (estimated upte eeLink canals 1. Rasul-Qadirabad 2. Qadirabad-Balloki 3. Balloki-Sulaimanki 4. Trimmu-SidhnaiRasul-Qadirabad Rasul-Qadirabad Links carries water from Rasul Barrage on the Jhell Chenab.GM= Canal MileRasul Qadirabad Link Canal, Mandi BahauddinQadirabad-Balloki Qadirabad-Balloki Link is an extension of Rasul-Qadirabad Link by 1 is transferred to the Ravi a =)Balloki-Sulaimanki Balloki-Sulaimanki Link connects the Ravi and the Sutlej.Trimmu-Sidhnai Trimmu-Sidhnai transfers water from I Trimmu Barage in to the RSidhnai-Mailsi Sidhnai-Mailsi takes the Ravi water in to the Sutlej.Mailsi-Bahawal Mailsi-Bahawal Link supplies water to the Bahawal Canal.Chashma-Jhellum Chashma-Jhellum Link ra water from Chashma Barrage onthe Indus to the Jhelum river.Taunsa-Punjnad Taunsa-Punjnad Link carries water from Taunsa on the Indus to th to feed the Punjab canalIndus to ChenabBarrage ¢ What is a barrage? ¢ An artificial structure or o in river or water courseWhat is difference between Barrage and Headworks? * The head works are built on river or water course between two banks at the pene. ee of river to control water, distribute it tt canals for irrigation or othe supplying water. rage is made in sinBarrages « At present pakistan has + 16 barrages & ¢ 3 Head Works which inBarrages * Qadirabad ° Balloki « Rasul * Sidhnai * Sulemanki * Taunsa —Head Works ¢ Khanki . ManglaKhanki Head Works* Khanki Headworks is a headworks situated on t e Riv the Punjab province of PDamsWhat is a Dam ? « A dam is a barrier that impounds water or underground streams. The Jeseivols created by dams not only/supp but provide water for va include irrigation,Dams in Pakistan ¢ Atpresent Pakistan has thas large de genieTarbela DamTarbela Dam It is one of the world’s largest earth and rock filled Dam and greatest resources development p was completed in 1976¢ It is the Largest Earth Filled Dam of Asia. & ¢ It is also considered as t 7 the world after SynerMain Features * The Project consists of a 9,000 (2, 143 meters) long, 465 feet (143/meters) high (above the river bed) earth and rock 1 embankment across the river with two spillways left bank discharging* The reservoir is 50 miles (80.5 km) long 100 square, miles (260 square kilo S) in area and has a gross storag of iM ‘6 MAF (17.109 i Tarbela ReservoirTarbela Power station + A power station on the right bank near the toe of the main dam houses fourteen(1 s power units, 4 units, each/wi e generating capacity of 1 installed on anal 1Mangla Dam+ The dam was constructed between 1961 to 1967 across the umL_B miles (108 km) south-ea capital, Islamabad in ric of Azad Kat« The Mangla Dam was the first of the two dams constructed to reduce this shortcoming and srenotha the irrigationTurbine Outflow StreamGeneral Description ¢ Height =147 m (482 ft) + Length =3,140 m (10,30 * Total capacity 9.12 km?(7,390,000 a lave diceRawal Lake DamRawal Dam - Rawal Dam was constructed across the Korang Nullah in 1960-1962 to su water for domestic purpos I cities of Rawalpindi and This 700 feet longRawal Lake dam General Description * Type of dam: partes areRawal Lake * The reservoir of Rawal Dam is called Rawal Lake and is spread 01 over an area 8.8 km square . ¢ It isan artificial reserv'Gomal Zam Dam * Gomal Zam Dam is a multi-purpose gravity dam i Waziristan Agency of Fe Administered Tribal memantine « Seiiaiiaiin arCharacteristics * Gomal Dam is a Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) gravity dam wilPurpose * The purpose of the dam is irrigation, flood control and Hydoelectric p generation.Background * Construction of the dam began in August 2001 and was completed i 2011. The powerhouse March 2013.Khanpur Dam * Khanpur Dam is a dam located on the Haro River near Poto Plateau and the village o near Islamabad.« Khanpur dam has a storage capacity of 106,000 acre feet of water and is 67 foat high. ‘i : haneet Hare is of pe nBackground * The dam was completed in 1983 after a 15-year construction peri + It is built adjacent to KIWarsak Dam ‘ ¢ Warsak Dam is a mass concrete gravity dam located on the Kabul River near Peshawar in Khyber PakhttDevelopment & Capacity + The first phase was completed in 1960 having four units of 40 MV capacity. + Two additional generating units of 41 in the second phase. tio nMirani dam¢ Mirani Damis a medium-size multi-purpose concrete-faced rock-filled dam located on the Das! the Central Makran _ District in Balochista¢ Mirani Dam was completed in July 2006. + Itis fed by Kech River and thPurpose + The primary purpose of Mirani Dam was to store water from the three thers guia . the summer season and dui that water could be aval* The secondary purpose of Mirani Dam is to ensure a constant suppl drinking water to the towHub Dam * Hub Dam is a reservoir on the Hub River. It is situated 56 km from Kal 7 city in Karachi and Lasb Districts on Sindh and E ACharacteristics * The dam is extended to 24300 acres with gross storage capacity of 85 3 feet. + Itis the Pakistan's thirdDiamer-Bhasha Dam Diamer-Bhasha Dam is a gravity dam, in the preliminary stages ot jeonstuation, on the River Indus in Pa } Kashmir, Sa tieIncentives + Upon completion, Diamer-BI would Produce 4,500 m icity through en)- Extend the life of Tarbela Dam located downstream by 35 years. * and Control flood damKalabagh Dam ¢ The Kalabagh Dam is a proposed hydroelectric dam en the indus River at Kalabagh in the h of Punjab Eonces in P;Political Issues ¢ But due to some severe political biased behaviors the construction of the ¢ due. . Sindh and se have iss