CENTRAL LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY

Science City of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

College of Agriculture

In partial fulfillment in

ENSCI 3110

TERM PAPER

INTERACTION OF DIFFERENT SPHERES

Submitted by:
Carbonel, Carla Paula A.

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Animal Science
3rd Year Section 1

Submitted to:
Sir, Feigalan, Fernan T.

November 2023
 INTRODUCTION

The interaction of different spheres on Earth refers to the interconnections and dynamic
relationships between the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. These spheres
collectively shape the physical and biological systems of our planet, and their interactions play a
crucial role in determining the Earth's climate, weather patterns, and the distribution of life forms.
Understanding these interactions is vital for comprehending the complex processes that drive
Earth's functioning and for addressing global environmental challenges.
The geosphere represents the solid Earth, including the rocks, minerals, and landform that
make up the planet's surface. It interacts with the other spheres through processes such as
weathering, erosion, and plate tectonics. For example, the movement of tectonic plates can create
mountain ranges, which in turn influence atmospheric circulation patterns and climate. The
hydrosphere encompasses all the water on Earth, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater,
and glaciers. It interacts with the geosphere through processes like erosion and deposition, which
shape the Earth's land forms. The hydrosphere also interacts with the atmosphere through the
water cycle, where evaporation, condensation, and precipitation play crucial roles in regulating
global climate patterns. The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It interacts
with the other spheres through various processes, such as the exchange of gases between the
atmosphere and the biosphere through photosynthesis and respiration. The atmosphere also
influences weather patterns, climate dynamics, and the distribution of heat and energy on Earth.
The biosphere comprises all living organisms on Earth and their interactions with the other
spheres. It interacts with the geosphere through processes like the formation of soils and the
recycling of nutrients. The biosphere also interacts with the hydrosphere and atmosphere through
the water and carbon cycles, as well as through the exchange of gases, such as oxygen and carbon
dioxide.
These interactions between the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere create
a complex web of feedback loops and dynamic processes that shape the Earth's climate,
ecosystems, and overall environmental conditions. Understanding these interactions is crucial for
addressing pressing global issues, such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and sustainable
resource management.
 PART I: WRITTEN REPORT

INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOSPEHERE TO ATMOSPHERE

The interaction between the biosphere and atmosphere is a complex and dynamic process
that plays a fundamental role in determining air quality and climate at both regional and global
scales. The biosphere, which includes all living organisms on Earth, interacts with the atmosphere
through the exchange of gases and aerosols. This exchange is influenced by a variety of factors,
including temperature, humidity, wind, and the presence of pollutants.
One of the most important interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere is the
exchange of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. These gases are produced by
both natural and human activities, and they play a critical role in regulating the Earth's climate.
The biosphere absorbs and releases these gases through processes such as photosynthesis and
respiration, while the atmosphere distributes them around the globe.Another important interaction
between the biosphere and atmosphere is the exchange of reactive air pollutants, such as nitrogen
oxides and sulfur dioxide. These pollutants are produced by human activities such as burning
fossil fuels and agriculture, and they can have significant impacts on air quality and human
health. The biosphere can both absorb and emit these pollutants, depending on factors such as
plant species and soil conditions.
Water is also an important component of the interaction between the biosphere and
atmosphere. The biosphere plays a critical role in the water cycle, with plants absorbing water
from the soil and releasing it into the atmosphere through a process called transpiration. This
water vapor then condenses into clouds and falls back to the Earth as precipitation. The
atmosphere also plays a role in the water cycle, with water vapor being transported around the
globe by winds and weather systems.
Overall, the interaction between the biosphere and atmosphere is a complex and dynamic
process that is influenced by a variety of factors. Understanding and quantifying these
interactions is critical for predicting and mitigating the impacts of climate change, air pollution,
and other environmental challenges. Ongoing research and monitoring efforts are helping to
improve our understanding of these interactions and inform policies and management strategies
to protect the health of our planet.
 INTERACTIONS BETWEEN HYDROSPHERE AND BIOSPHERE

The interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere is a crucial aspect of Earth's
ecosystems, as it influences the distribution and abundance of life forms and shapes aquatic
environments. The hydrosphere, representing all water bodies on Earth, including oceans, rivers,
lakes, and groundwater, interacts with the biosphere, which encompasses all living organisms and
their habitats. This dynamic interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere is essential for
the survival and functioning of both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.
One significant interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere is the exchange of
nutrients and energy. Water bodies serve as habitats for various organisms, from microscopic
algae to large marine mammals. Aquatic organisms rely on the dissolved nutrients in water for
their growth and development. In turn, the activities of aquatic organisms, such as photosynthesis,
respiration, and decomposition, release nutrients back into the water, contributing to nutrient
cycling and maintaining the overall productivity of the ecosystem. Additionally, the hydrosphere
provides essential resources for terrestrial ecosystems. Many plants and animals depend on
freshwater sources for their survival, either directly or indirectly. For instance, rivers and lakes
serve as water sources for vegetation, while wetlands provide critical habitats for numerous
species. The availability and quality of water in the hydrosphere directly influence the
distribution and diversity of species in the biosphere.
Moreover, the hydrosphere acts as a medium for dispersal and transportation of
organisms. Water bodies facilitate the movement of aquatic organisms, allowing them to colonize
new habitats and exchange genetic material. For example, fish species migrate between
freshwater and marine ecosystems for breeding and foraging purposes, contributing to the
connectivity and biodiversity of both aquatic and terrestrial environments. The interaction
between the hydrosphere and biosphere is also evident in the role of water bodies in regulating
climate. Oceans, for instance, play a crucial role in heat and carbon dioxide absorption and
release, influencing global climate patterns. Aquatic vegetation, such as mangroves and sea
grasses, contribute to carbon sequestration and stabilize coastal ecosystems, protecting against
erosion and storm damage.
Overall, the interaction between the hydrosphere and biosphere is intricate and mutually
beneficial. It shapes the distribution, productivity, and biodiversity of aquatic and terrestrial
ecosystems. Understanding and managing this interaction are essential for promoting ecosystem
health, conservation, and sustainable use of water resources.
 INTERACTION BETWEEN BIOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE

The biosphere, comprising all living organisms, interacts profoundly with the lithosphere,
the Earth's solid outer layer. One critical interaction lies in nutrient cycling. Living organisms
extract essential elements from the lithosphere, incorporating them into their biological processes.
Upon death, these organisms decompose, returning vital nutrients to the soil, which subsequently
influences soil formation and fertility, enabling sustained life on Earth (Foley et al., 2005).
Erosion and weathering, influenced by biological activities, also shape the relationship
between the biosphere and lithosphere. Plant roots stabilize surfaces, reducing erosion, while
burrowing organisms and microbial action contribute to the breakdown of rocks, impacting
geological formations. Moreover, geological events, like volcanic eruptions or tectonic
movements, directly affect habitats, sometimes leading to mass extinctions or the emergence of
new ecological niches (Ahmad et al., 2018; Glotzbach et al., 2019). Mineral utilization represents
another critical aspect of this interaction. Living organisms depend on minerals sourced from the
lithosphere for cellular functions, metabolic processes, and structural support. Some organisms
have evolved and adapted to extreme geological conditions, showcasing the interconnections
between life forms and the lithosphere (White & Broadley, 2009).
The lithosphere significantly contributes to climate regulation by acting as a carbon sink.
Geological formations store vast amounts of carbon over extended periods, impacting global
climate patterns. Changes in the lithosphere can influence the release or absorption of greenhouse
gases, affecting the climate and subsequently influencing the biosphere (Lal, 2008). However,
human activities, such as mining, deforestation, and urbanization, have disrupted these
interactions, leading to soil degradation, loss of biodiversity, and disturbances in nutrient cycles.
Understanding these intricate interactions is crucial for maintaining ecological balance and
preserving the health of the biosphere and lithosphere.
PART II: ILLUSTRATION ABOUT THE INTERACTIONS OF SPHERES

INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND LITHOSPHERE

ATMOSPHERE

LITHOSPHERE
(VOLCANIC ERUPTION)

https://cdnuploads.aa.com.tr/uploads/Contents/2015/11/24/thumbs_b_c_2a6abbb7fbb3edc666fcf3d91df118ec.jpg

ATMOSPHERE

(Tectonic Activity and Climate Influence)

LITHOSPHERE

Photo taken by me: Carla Carbonel at Mount Williams in Kita-kita, Sanjose, Nueva Ecija
 INTERACTION BETWEEN LITHOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE

LITHOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE
( ROCKS)

https://www.tripzilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/enchanting-rivers-philippines.jpg

HYDROSPHERE
LITHOSPHERE

https://i.pinimg.com/736x/9e/6d/e7/9e6de7f371e6f91fc360deae0bd85c8d.jpg
 INTERACTION BETWEEN ATMOSPHERE AND HYDROSPHERE

ATMOSPHERE

(EVAPORATION &
CONDENSATION)

HYDROSPHERE

Photo taken by me: Carla Carbonel at Sawmill-VIlla Cuizon, CLSU, brgy. Bantug, Science CIty of Munoz, Nueva Ecija

REFERENCES
https://byjus.com/physics/four-spheres-of-earth/
https://i.pinimg.com/736x/9e/6d/e7/9e6de7f371e6f91fc360deae0bd85c8d.jpg
https://www.tripzilla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/enchanting-rivers-philippines.jpg
https://cdnuploads.aa.com.tr/uploads/Contents/2015/11/24/
thumbs_b_c_2a6abbb7fbb3edc666fcf3d91df118ec.jpg
https://study.com/academy/lesson/interactions-of-earths-spheres-purpose-and-examples.html
https://gml.noaa.gov/outreach/info_activities/pdfs/Teacher_PSA_sphere_interactions.pdf
https://www.barnstable.k12.ma.us/cms/lib03/MA01001935/Centricity/Domain/191/aims
%20activities/Sphere%20Interactions.pdf