Julie Moore ATT een MIME ASC NORA I) SoHo CMSOm SSAC linoe Navigate Workbook Mitel Advanced > C1 OXFORDJulie Moore with additional material by Edward Alden Series Adviser Catherine Walter Navigate Workbook with key Advanced > @ OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESSContents od Gon 5 ro : Ninna and : — : Boge aca : see ‘© vague language (1): approximation ¥ etn Sr cacaana Dien : ai ona Sr tes ‘a aes % ee nase " Seiceee ekieorimeminkins 1 1 collocations of perception and sound 4 ay ne ari 7 othe anetoeimant ‘s Review: Units 1&2 ” ranma Soi ® say x roster eet auamucs 1 ger a z a , 2 eae @ checking and rephrasing 23 etn a a Orn Oxford 3000™ Navigate has been based on the Oxford 3000 to ensure tat lamers are only covering the most relevant vocabuly, oes Grammar 1 degrees of obligation 2 passives 2 Vocabulary 1 responsibility 2s 1 phrases with care 2% "connotation 28 Speaking © formal negotiations 2 writing Sa balanced argument essay 2» Listening for pleasure f sitting is. 30 Review: Units 3&4 a a Grammar 1 relative clauses 2 = auantiters 34 Vocabulary '= common phrases with relative pronouns 33 ' phrases with of to describe quantity 35 ‘= compound adjectives and nouns 36 speaking 1 managing conversations a writing ‘= emphasis: inversion and cleft sentences a7 oom Grammar Buses of would 38 ' verb pattems 40 Vocabulary © preferences 39 ' leisure, relaxation and stress a "words with more than one meaning 2 Speaking ‘@ vague language (2) 43 writing = onine reviews rr Reading for pleasure | Apps that make a difference a Review: Units 5 & 6 45en Grammar 1 hypotheses 46 = unreality 48 Vocabulary '= emotions ” 1 reacting to events “9 15 metaphor 50 Speaking 5 informal negotiations 81 writing = comment adverbs 31 ana = Grammar 1 probability and speculation 53 5 participle clauses 5a Vocabulary 1 properties of materials 52 1 phrasal verbs 55, '5 formal and informal language 56 speaking 5 speculating, comparing and contrasting 37 writing |S a problem solution-evaluation essay or report 7 Listening for pleasure 18 The science of happiness 58 Review: Units 7 & 8 9 een Grammar 15 uses of wil 6 the future 6 Vocabulary 15 idiomatic phrases with wi a 1 higher education 62 1 three ways to create new words oa Speaking ' aiving a presentation 65 Writing 15 discourse markers 6 10 New Grammar = noun phrases 66 position of adverbials, 68 Vocabulary = money o = new and old a | understanding idioms 70 speaking 1 reaching a consensus n writing © an email enquiry n Reading for pleasure © Mindfulness n Review: Units 9 & 10 wn ce =z] Grammar 1 adjective postion a 15 whoever, whatever, wherever, no matter 7 Vocabulary 1 adjectives and adverbs beginning with a- 75 "= food preparation n Ss fixed and semi-fixed phrases 7 speaking emphasis ~ writing blog entry nw ea ro Grammar © causative have and get 80 1 reporting verbs 82 Vocabulary | special meanings of off, down and over a © describing research and results 83 noticing, Selecting and recording collocations ry speaking talking about a magazine story 85 writing 15 a magazine story 85 istening for pleasure 1 What makes you you? 86 Review: Units 11 & 12 7 ‘Audioscripts page 88 ‘Answer key page 98Change 1.1 Upto speed? EME comparing 1 Complete the comments with phrases from the box. ‘asiong as alotless far more of much more leisurely nearly as much nowhere near significantly longer the more J Asa teenager, I spent ages getting ready to go out. Nowadays, 'm 2 busy mum and | don't spend 1 time on myself. ® my time goes on sorting out the kids. When I was working, I just {grab a quick sandwich for lunch. Now I'm retired, lunch is a affaic can spend | want preparing something nice ‘and enjoying it. | used to waste hours every week {going round the supermarket. Nowadays, I do most of my grocery shopping online Wess as time-consuming and i's 6 stressful, too. Why ist that work always expands to fill the time you have? Recently ‘been working?____ hhours than usual and it feels like 8 time I spend inthe office, the more work piles up con my desk. | ust never seem to get Con top of things. 2a. Match sentence beginnings 1-6 to endings a-h. There are ‘two endings you do not need. If walk to work, ittakes almost __ Cycling aroundiisa great deal Just walking orcycling abouts every bit __ Tknow'mnowhere near __ Children are spending considerably less __ Far fewer asfitas lused to be. twice as long as going by tram. children walk to school than twenty years ago. as good for you as going to the gym. {ime is allocated in the schoo! timetable for sport ‘as much exercise as I should do. healthier than driving everywhere. Lime playing outside than previous generations. 111) Listen and check your answers.M2 is 1 Speed reading tna modern world where time is money, how have our reading habits been affected? Are we reading * more quickly / auicker or do we ust expect the things we read to be 2 a grat deal condensed / much more condensed into short, ‘manageable chunks? The answer perhaps lies inthe type of text you're reading ‘When we're reading online, we skip rapidly from site to site, from screen to screen in search of what we want. Does this mean that as readers we now have ar les patience / ‘uch less patient and * the shorter / much shorter attention spans than we used to? Not necessarily, Much of this activity is actually skimming or scanning to check whether something is useful or interesting and whether we want to read on. n many ways, we spend no les /nowhere near time on each piece of online text than we would traditionally have done flicking through a print newspaper or magazine Ineither ease it’s not until a headline catches our eye that we slow down and take a lngerbt/ a bic longer to properly read the text For those writing for an online environment, this ‘means finding” more creative than / ever more creative ways of grabbing the reader's attention before they click through to the next link. Including key information up front makes ¥ qarat dea like / more ely that the time-poor website visitors will realize right away that they're in the right place. Making key information easier to locate by using bullet points and simple, descriptive headings will also keep your audience on your page ® the longer bit/a litle longer as they scroll down and spot more useful stuff coming up. ‘But what about when we're reading literature, do the same rules apply? The average reader works their way through a piece of prose at no more than / nearly more than about 250-300 words per minute, which is roughly a page of text. Ifyou try to read through a novel " significantly more quicly / more significantly quickly, then you start to lose a lot of what makes literature such a pleasure. When we read for pleasure, we are almost ss /much ess focused on picking out useful information or key words. Instead, the language itself and the way the writer puts words together is" every bit as /as every bit important as the information conveyed, The longer you spend reading a passage, ™ the more vivid a /a more vivid picture you create in your mina. Sometimes an escape from the fast-moving internet age is just what we need, so maybe i's time to slow down and lose yourself in a good book time and speed 4 Complete the comments with phrases from the box. Make any other necessary changes, behind the times shortand sharp the last minute time and again time drags time fies time management uptospeed with hindsight | much prefer it when the shop's busy. At the weekend) it's non-stop and * Ison the quieter days, wien there's mot much todo that 2 and you'te constantly clock watching and waiting forthe end of theday When tok over ahead ofthe HR department they were abit 2 ve worked arto inroduce ne procedures and get everyone withthe atestideas, ‘Grace needs to improve her® stil. she leave tings to 2 then everything becomes a sh think my wting ye has improved 8 ‘real my early blog pots ae rather ong andrablng. ‘Now | try to keep my ideas * so that reader do ose intrest. 5 Rewrite the sentences, replacing the words in italies with phrases from exercise 4 1 Iewas only when I moved to the city that realized how stuck in the past my small hometown was. 2. Iseeasy to see, looking back, why the show was so successful 3. Repeatedly, we hear excuses about why the scheme has been delayed. 4 Keep your message brief; your audience won't remember complicated details. 5. Dueto technical issues, the show had to be cancelled Just before it was due to star 6 This course will make sure that all staffare familiar with the latest safety requirements, Lean... Very well_quitewell_ More practice make comparisons. O Oo fo} talk about time and speed. oO Oo Oo1.2 Managing change GEWI continuous forms 1. Choose the correct words or phrases in italics to complete thetext. Flexible working ‘Over recent decades, the workplace * has been gradually ‘changing /was gradually changing in various ways, One key change sto the hours we work The od nine to-fieroutine Isnolonger the now as nore and more employes? were recognizing are recognizing the benefit of lene working. Flexible working can be defined asa way of working that sts the employee's needs, and i's especly atvactiveto parents sho? ring up /oreringing up young cen or people who “have been ooking afer /oelookng afte disabled or elderly telatives Flexible working makes it easier for these roupsto balance ther work and family responsiities. The benefit to the employers that it enables them to retain experienced and qualified staf who might otherwise be los. These new ways of working comeina numberof iflerent forms. Job-sharing i where two people 8 do /are doing one job and split the hours they work. For example, ifa woman returns toworkafter having a baby, she can go back to the role she * had been doing /has been doing before her matermity leave, bbutona parttime basis. So that on the days that? she wasn't working /she'snot working, her job-share colleague will be covering her duties Working from home is another alternative in certain jobs. With improvements in internet technology, people with largely desk-based jobs * have increasingly chosen / ‘areincreasingly choosing to spend at least some of their time working from home. Flexitime means the employee ® chooses /ischoosing when tostart and end their working day within agreed limits. They usually work are usually working ‘core hours, say between 10am. and 4 pm, but can make up the remaining hours at either end of the day Thisis perfect for parents who need tofinishin time to collect the kids fom school. (Or Oxford 3000" Put the words in the right order. There may be more than ‘one possible answer. 1 becoming /is flexible working / more popular. 2 from home /1/ since last year / been / working / have 3. commuting / each day / for / were / three hours / both ofthem. 4 staff /are / of our / part time / getting on fora quarter / choosing to work 5 returning / after maternity leave / are / ‘more female staff /to work. 6 very well to /adapting / fk the company 7 inpractice / working /are / the job-share arrangements / well 8 introducing / from next month / be / the new flexitime system / we / will Complete the case study using an appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. CASE STUDY Nine months ago, Maria's elderly mother moved.in with her family. tthe time, Maria (ork ful time in a busy solicitor’ office Initially, Maria? (cany fn) working as usual, leaving her mother at home on her own. Problems? (start) almost straightaway, though. She left her mother her work number in case of emergencies, butsoon she (veceive) calls several times a day. Then, after a couple of minor accidents, Maria decided the situation (become) to0 stressful. So she if {approach her manager about flexible working. For the past six months, her mother” fattend) 1a day cate centre three days a week while Maria goes into the “office.On the other two days, Maria (work) from home.‘So far, it? (work out fine. can be ‘working at my deskin the study while Mum * (watch) TV or reading inthe other room. She seems much more settled now, and | can get on with work without worrying about her’change 4 Complete the text with words from the box. ‘adapt bring about consultation facilitate implementing imposed resist Understanding the _teasons for change People often * change because they don't understand the reasons behind it major changes, an open process needs to take place. ne ofthe fret step in this process isto explain why change is necessary. Before? Many things cause organizational change. These include: > Theneed to to achanging ‘market because of economic circumstances, tighter competition or changing customer demands, » ‘Technological developments which can §______ major changes in working practices > Changes from outside, for example, by new legislation or regulations. Making the reasons for change clear atthe outset the process which follows. 5a Complete the table. Noun’ verb Adjective 4 resist 2 2 implement consultation | 4 5 7| adapt 7 } + impose ho. a /) faciitate b 12 §)Listen and check stress in word families © Underline the stressed syllable on each word in the table. 4 121 Listen again, checkand repeat. Which word families have changing stress? 6 Complete the comments with the correct form of the words from the table in exercises. Irsthe* of changes from above that upset most people. Employees weren't 2 ‘about the plans, the management just announced what was going to happen. On the whole, think the of the new system went fay smoothly, There were no major problems the new working practices, ut theyre getting dts Alotof staff were initially quite# them now. People are surprisingly ® managementis® _————_byan ‘employee forum, Better communication between staff and \ Lean... Very well_quitewell_ More practice ‘use continuous forms. oO oO oO talk about change. oO Oo 91.3 Vocabulary development SOT using adicti 3 Which labels from exercises 1 and 2 could be applied usinga dictionary tothe words intl? Checkthe words in etonry ifnecessary. 41. Putthe dictionary labels from the bxintothe categories 1-4. _ a 1 Tsaw Joe the next day in one of the local sidewalk cafés. adjective approving disapproving formal humorous vatiety = Nord American Enaish: nord clase = nowt informal intransitive literary noun transitive 2. Thisisa great way to entertain the kiddies over the uncountable verb ee school holidays. 1 Word class: 2. Zovisa petite sofily spoken woman inher thirties. 2. Grammar: 4. The presentation given by the council was as clear 3. Siyle/register: ene ‘as mud, leaving residents with many unanswered 4. Connotation: questions. 2 Label the highlighted parts ofthe dictionary extracts with 5 What advice would you give to new designers just ‘words from the box. There are two words you do not need. starting out? 6. Employers should implementa policy that ona een DeRLee ee retort emphasizes safety in the workplace. ‘example idiom pronunciation spelling variety ® CEE elevator @ reiensi/noun1 tana ne ita 43. Write the fll form of these common abbreviations use tor ym 4 RARE Ek wre the flo of bbreviations used feremberas nabuldigoramic ron nef foors0 for recording vocabulary. tre bee take the een tide oo 2 sb: 6 abbr: ® ®@ © a phre 7 sth: j § im 1 cial ze (ti) pet) vo = a to See cee naptime cf eal ot ar b Complete the vocabulary notes using the abbreviations in Tse oefend nore time on one are of ork st eed ‘han on other Many students prefer motto spetaie 1o0 ; ‘on 9 He speci criminal ow ® the hop seca. {Eoin hon made choos modify — change * signty, gto make ff more sultables? adapt They modified the entrance to mate I more 1 accessible for disabled users, 2 3 chop and change {informal 2 ae) 4 — keep changing from one thing to another 5 , : The feam can keep chopping and changing! managers ‘every five minutes. maximum ( max) the biggest, fastest, ele. possible: ® rminioum the maximum number/amount speed Or Oxford 3000"1.4 Writing and speaking areport based on a graph 1 Choose the best options in italics to complete the sentences describing data from the graph. (natn per 00inhabitants [weriide 5 1998 20 20 2a 2012 2013 zoe aos 2016 SERSERS8 R58 1 From/ 1998, only around 3% of people worldwide used the internet. 2. The number of active internet users grew / has grown dramatically between / from 1998 and 2015. 3. By/ From the year 2011, the percentage of people able to get online reached / stood at around one-third (33%). 4. Overthe next three years/ three years after, that figure increased t0/ by 40%. 5. In/ According to some estimates, internet coverage is expected to reach the 45% mark some time in 2016. ‘Complete the report based on the graph using the prompts in brackets. Worldwide internet coverage Perhaps one of the most significant developments in the ist century 0 far has been the dramatic growth of the internet. + (report / publish / 2015 / show) thatthe percentage of the world’s population with access to the internet? (increase /capidly) during the early years ofthe 2st century. The figure arise / around 7% / 2000 / 42% / January 2015) According to the report, the number of people with internet access worldwide 4 (expect reach / 45% / 2016) Thisis, in part, due to easier access via mobile devices. Mobile devices overtook conventional laptop and desktop computers 5 (terms / internet access) in 2014 and this tend seems set to continue, with more and more people using mobile devices ta get online vague language (1): approximation 3a_ Rewrite the extracts froma presentation replacing the underlined parts with more approximate phrases from the box. Make any other necessary changes. There may ‘be more than one possible answer. ‘an incredible number of e-numberof approximately dozens of hundreds of Just over nearly upwards of A number of 1 Seven{libraries are facing closure in our city 2 Sixty-five staffare in danger of losing their jobs this month. 3. Staff costs account for 82% of the libraries’ budget. 4. ‘The council needs to make £1.1 million of euts in public spending, 5. Nationally over the past five years library visits have fallen byaneestimated 15%. 6 Thenumber of books being lent is down by 19.8%. 7 5i0libraries are threatened with losure across the country. 8 Morethan 200,000 people have signed petitions to try and save their local libraries, b 13 6)Listen and compare your answers. Jean... Very well_quitewell_ More practice use @ dictionary. Oo Oo oO ‘write a report based on a graph, oO Oo Oo ‘use vague language to approximate, oO 0 OoFeats 2.1 Feats of nature GEE nun phrases 1 Read the Q&A with a wildlife photographer. For each ‘noun phrase in bold, circle the main noun. Q&A: ea ee eae ‘What's the best thing about your job? As a wildlife photographer, | get to travel all over the World and I've been privileged to experience * some of the most spectacular sights inthe natural world, ‘What's the most spectacular sight you've ever experienced? | think perhaps the most amazing spectacle I've ever witnessed is? the annual mass migration of wildebeest ‘across the plans ofthe Serengeti in Arica. I's truly breathtaking sight. ‘And your worst experience? | once spent 3 two awful twelve-hour days in Papua ‘New Guinea, waiting for a particularly sy bird ina ‘mosquito-infested swamp; that was pretty awful, ‘What's your next assignment? My next trp is to Indonesia as part of # my ongoing work to highlight what's happening tothe orkically endangered ‘Sumatran orangutan. | hope that by raising public ‘awareness through my photography more can be dane to'save these wonderful creatures. Are there any animals you'd stil like to photograph? "lt poten pol bear in thew because re just Sone af the mc mals onthe pl 10| Or Oxford 3000" ‘Make full noun phrases by matching 1-7 to a-gandadding main noun from the box. dolphins facts gathering insect insight skills techniques 1 anenormous a. ofgrazing animals superpod of b about plant biology 2 aninerediblysmall ofthis tiny hummingbird 3 theincredibleacrobatic int the life ofthis shy 4 ultra slow-motion creature filming © up to5,000 strong 5 theworldSlargest fF wahrdeticate, 6 fascinating silvery wings 7 somebasiescientife g tocaptureinsectsin Might 1 a enorme perp of dphine up to 5000 strong 2 3 4 5 6 7 ‘Make noun phrases using the prompts before and after the ‘main noun in bold. Change the form of words and add any extra words ifnecessaty. 1 the chameleon - amazing ~abil ‘match ~ surroundings the chameleanis amazing ability to alter igs skin calour ta match its surrawondings 2. six-tonne - male ~ African ~ elephant - stand ~ middle ~ road ty-alter skin colour 3 incredible - patience - need - wait - many hours ~ capture - perfect - shot 4 the critically -endangered - snow - leopard - find mountains ~ central - Asiaphrases with adverbs ° 4 Circle the correct adverb in italic. 1 Tm fascinated by dolphins because they're just such highly strongly / utterly ieligent animals. 2 The view from the top of the hill was exceedingly / highly /uterly breathtaking 3. Thelandseape was aufully/ highly / radially different from anything experienced before. 4. Those tiny little ants can give you a badly / erously/ strongly painful bite. 5. Ym particularly / remarkably /specaltyinterested in photographing tropical birds. 6 These orchids are exceedingly /radically/utteriyrare and difficult to find. 7 From inside the tent, the lions sounded absolutely/ awfully /eritically lose tothe eam. 8 Anumberofthe animals onthe island are crtically/ radically / unbelievably endangered species found nowhere else. ‘Make adverbs from the adjectives in brackets and put them in the correct position. Make any other necessary changes. radically 1 The two species have adapted to live indifferent climates. (radical) 2 Inthe autumn, the leaves ofthe trees exeate beautiful patterns as they reflect on the surface of the lake. (unbelievable) 3. Theplantonly grows on steep clifffaces that are hard toreach, (awful) 4 Therocktypes found on the east coast ofthe Atlantic are similarto those found on the west coast. (remarkable) 5. The mayfly is just one pact ofthis complex wetland, ecosystem. (extraordinary) {6 Many species of fogs are already reaching low population levels. (critical) 7 These tropical waters support adiverse range of marine life o explore. (incredible) Jean... BD 22 23 Match the adverbs tothe adjectives and complete the text, ‘completely harsh incredibly —~-ifeless particularly welladapted ‘The tree tumbo, with its rather dried-up leaves, looks at first sight to be" completely lifeless. However, beneath the surface, ithas long roots to search out underground water, making it 2 to the? — dry environment of the Namib Desert where it grows. absolutely ‘compromised seriously efficient unbelievably vital Despite all the technological developments of modern agriculture, the humble honeybee is still 4 for world food production. ‘These tiny creatures are. when it comes to pollinating food crops, including fruits, vegetables and nuts; process man has yet to perfect ‘ona large scale. If bee numbers continue to fall, production of staple food crops that we all rely on could be incredibly Jong remarkably terrifying utterly unharmed In their ist few days of lf, the chicks ofthe barnacle goose. in Greenland are faced with ane ofthe most extreme survival challenges in nature. After hatching in nests high up on clits, they have to take a/an ? leap to reach the feeding grounds some 120 metres below. They launch themselves ito the air and freefall down the 8 drop, bouncing off rocks on the way down, but amazingly most ative atthe bottom ery well Quite well More practice recognize and use noun phrases (0 oO oO oO understand and use phrases with adverbs. oO 9 Oo n2.2 Feats of engineering collocations for describing problems and solutions ‘Match beginnings 1-8 to endings a-h. 1 The extremes of temperature presented __ 2. This type oflarge-scale project entails 3. Many ofthe early space missions encountered 4. Engineering pioneers like Watt and Stevenson had to overcome __ 5. Thismission takes us another step towards realizing 6 The burning of food crops to provide energy does pose __ 7. Weare looking to engineers as well as politicians to come up with _ 8 Thisnew book attemptsto tackle ‘a incredible challenges for the engineers. considerable physical obstacles to carry out their work. serious ethical questions with the pressures already on food production. 4d. theage-old problem of making science interesting to school kids, tremendous research effort and massive financial investment. £ technical difficulties before they even got offthe ground. § ourdream of affordable space travel forall. 1h solutions to the world’s water problems. ‘Complete the text using the correct form of the verbs in bold from exercise 1 ‘There is one verb you do not need. Engineering the future In America, the attitude that learning is earning’ has attracted increasing numbers of students to subjects like finance, law and business, because they believe it's the best way to" their ambition of a high-paid career. t's an attitude that we see repeated in numerous countries around the world, including the UK. However, in the modern knowledge economy, the resulting lack of graduates in science, technology and engineering? a significant problem for high-tech industries in these countries. One approach to ® the issue is to recruit graduates from elsewhere. In China, for example, around 37% of students are studying engineering, and in Germany the figure stands at 22%, compared to only 796 in the UK and just 59 n the USA. Integrating overseas workers into a company, though, 4 challenges of its own. Whether it's Chinese engineers working in South Africa or German project managers in Brazil, there are, inevitably, both language and cultural barriers to S ‘Although this may 6 ‘an increased awareness of cultural sensitivities, it does also offer huge benefits and learning opportunities. The pooling of cultures and educational backgrounds often leads teams to? new and novel solutions to problems they need to solve together. Or Oxford 3000" GEM periect forms 3a Read the beginning of talk about engineering and sport. Think about what verbs and verb forms might be used to ‘complete the text. > 219 Listen and complete the rextin exercise 66 ‘The sporting world + significantly over the past century. When we look back at old black-and-white footage of athletics events from the pat, it all looks incredibly slow. And our perceptions aren't wrong, The statistics show that every few years, 0.1 of a second 2 off the time it takes to run the 100-metre sprint, Soin 2008, Usain Bolt 3 4100 metres in 269 seconds, and in 2009 he did it in 958 seconds, Many believe that bavrier You could argue that t's the athlete's ability and dedication that 5 these improvements; that modern athletes just work harder than their counterparts of fifty years ago. To an extent, that’s tre, Since 1981, fully professional athletes the next few years, the 9.5-second 6 to compete, inthe Olympic Games, for example. So now they? every waking and sleeping moment of their ives +0 pushing their bodiBut asa scientist, Ihave to argue that it’s actualy the scientific advances in the past ccontury that § ‘a more important role. These advances from a number of diferent fields. Biomechanical ‘engineering isthe science of how we move our bodies and how we could move ‘our bodies more efficiently in order to be faster. The new knowledge that’s come {rom research inthis area enables athletes to train smarter and to develop new techniques. And advances in materials science sports clothing and equipment through the development of radically new materials. We no longer see sprinters running round ‘a track in heavy leather shoes and bulky cotton sports 3 99 Put the words and phrases in the right order to make questions from the audience after the talk in exercise 3. There may be more than one possible answer. 1 the biggest /In your view, / has / sport / contribution to / which / made / area of science? 2 been / advances in / How / have / significant / forathletes / the science of nutrition ? 3 theten-second barrier / without / could / sprinters / Do you think / broken / modern sports equipment / have? 4 atthe same rate / Have / men / sprinters / faster / been / female / as / getting? 5 most / benefitted / from / WI other sports / have? ich / scientific developments / 6 technology / helped / have / in / How / disabled athletes / advances? Complete sentences 1-8 using the verbs from the box ina perfect form. also/get become break even might/achieve revolutionize see time would not/be 1 1m1990, only eight men ltd ever nor the 100 metres in underten seconds, but just twenty-five yearslaterit_________the standard target for any world-class sprinter. 2 Ofcourse, athletes fitter and stronger over the past century due to our better understanding of food and nutrition. 3. Isinteresting to speculate what times some of the great runners of the past with the benefit of modern equipment and training, 4 Since 1977, all internationally recognized athletics events using automatic recording systems that are accurate to the hundredth ofa second. 5 Bythe end of the decade, a number of world records, thanks to scientific innovations. 6 Advances in carbon fibre technology the sport of eycling, making bikes both lighter and stronger. 7. Many ofthe technological improvements that we in the cars we drive over the past fifty years were initially developed in motorsport 8. Developments in engineering and materials science have enabled disabled athletes to compete in sports that possible even twenty-five years ago. Jean Very well_quitewell_ More practice Use collocations to describe problems and solutions O Oo fo} ‘use perfect forms, oO Oo Oo 131" 2.3 Vocabulary development collocations of perception and sound 11 Complete the conversations with nouns from the box. There are two words you do not need. attention difference environment noise sight silence vision 1A Toften goand study inthe café round the corner just to make a change from beingstuckin my room. They've got {ree Wi-Fiand the coffee's really good. B Ohno, I couldn't concentrate in a noisy like that. find it too distracting. A It’s not that bad, just sort of the buzz of conversation. Actually, quite like abi ofbackground »itmakes me feel less isolated and that life's still going on around me. B Ineed total? when I'm studying, isthe only way Tean focus. ‘A Well, everyone's different I guess. You've just got to do what works for you. 2. A Hey, like your new glasses. B Thanks, I'm still feeling a bitself- conscious, though. I's the firs time ve ever had to wear glasses, When. {bas younger Ihad twenty-twenty but Iguessit’s one those of things about getting older. A Tknow, Thaven'thad my eyes tested foryears. B It’sdefinitely worth, I've really noticed the > since I got these. Everything's so much clearer and Idon't have to hold things atarm’s length anymore to read the small print © STUDY TP whenyourecordnew éallocations, remember 0 recora not ist the obvious pa of words cath» SB, but ao anyother words that frm the compet pase suchas prepositions (catch sits oss) Or Oxford 3000" Complete the sentences with a word from each box. attention difference (x2) environment feat silence between in (x3) of to 1 Employees should wear ear defenders when working anoisy. é 2 She paid litle the people around her, so absorbed was she in her work. 3 Tvenoticed a big attitudes in the city and, outhere in the countryside. 4 I've rally noticed the how I feel since I started exercising more. 5 Weallsatthere total | waiting for our ‘names to be called. 6 Thecollege team achieved the impressive winning for the third successive year. ROPE oes) Read the descriptions and underline the collocations that go with the words in bold. Consider verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs and prepositions, When T walk into my grandparents’ house its fll of familiar * smell. The first thing you notice isthe sweet 2 scent of flowers; my grandmother always has ‘a vase of fresh flowers onthe table, But it also smells faintly of smoke from my grandfather’ cigars. (On a recent trip to Argentina, I tried mate, a traditional South American drink. thas quite a bitter taste alittle lke green tea, but i's a much stronger S flavour, the locals think it tastes delicious, but I wasnt so sure. If you've got flu, you generally experience the usual cold-ke 7 symptoms, ‘but you may also have a high ® temperature. You may lose your ® appetite. ‘And some people 1 feel an uncomfortable sensation when anything touches their skin, even lightly. Cirle two words in italics to make phrases. 1 a Gaia severe (Son sul 2 0 Joul/fresh/sweet scent 3. smell faintly / highly / strongly of 4 bitter/hard/ sour taste 5 a strong/ subtle /soft flavour 8 taste boring/delcious/ sweet 7 mild /large/cold-like symptoms 8 develop/have/ hold ahigh temperature 9 Tose /reguin/ remove your appetite 10 feel an impression /a pain/a sensation2122 G3) GD 25 2.4 Writing and speaking asummary 1 22{) Youare a volunteer ata local hospital and you're attending a talk about some ofthe things visitors and patients may need help with. Listen and complete sentences 1-5 to summarize the 1 Remember some people aren'table to read signs, so 2. Weneed to spot people who 3. Nomobile phone use allowed on wards because butit’s OK 4 Politely explain why and 5 Ifyou don't know, don't make it up! Always or to the info desk an informal talk 2a Read what three people say about their greatest achievement. Think about ‘what words and phrases might be used to complete texts A-C. A a ‘my greatest challenge and achievement in recent years has been setting up my own business atthe same time as juggling the commitments ‘that go with a young family. Being your own boss sounds lke a? Idea, but the reality is that itcan be ® exhausting, especially ‘when you're trying to combine it with ferrying the kids. toafter-school activities. ve been: lucky throughout my sclentitic career to work with some 5__great colleagues on some ‘groundbreaking projects. My greatest achievement, ‘thougt would have to be the ‘educational projects I've set up to make science more interesting for young people. I've managed to pass on 7 (of my enthusiasm for my subject to the next generation of scientists, then ll be very happy. \wmen 1 was growing up, | was ® ‘shy and self-conscious; | didn't ke speaking infront of people. But then, while | was at university | got involved in student polities. rd be arguing * ‘with my friends about some issue or another. My proudest moment came when | addressed a rally of thousands of people protesting against government cuts. was s0 ‘caught up in the ‘moment that, wel, | ust forgot to be nervous! inveception. b 23{)Listen and complete texts A-C. © 29) Listen to eight sentences from the texts in exercise 2a and repeat. can... Very well_Quite well_More practice understand and use callocations of perception and sound. ° Oo Oo write summaries O° Oo O° je an informal talk 6 o =6 2.5 Reading for pleasure fies cunwned 1 2 Read the extract from a short story and choose the best description, 1 aghost story 2 astory about a git! with a lot ofimagination 3. astory about a man thatis scared of everything How would you have reacted in Mr Nuttel’s situation? How would you describe ‘Mrs Sappleton’s niece? What do you think the writer means by the last sentence? The story so far ‘Mr. Framton Nuttels a hypochondriac and has moved to a small vilage to treat his poor ‘nerves. There, he visits Ms. appleton, a friend of his sister, forthe first time, buts met by her fifteen-year-old niece, who tells him about ateribe tragedy that happened on that very day three years earlier Mrs. Sappleton's husband was kiled wile hunting, and she has kept the window open ever since stil waiting for his retufn. When Mrs. Sappleton finally comes Into the room and introduces herself, Mr. Nuttel already regrets paying her a vist ‘The Open Window “Thope you don’t mind the open window; said Mrs. Sappleton, bariskly;‘my husband and brothers will be home directly from, shooting, and they alvways come in this way. They've been out for snipe in the marshes today, so they'll make a fine mess over my poor carpets. So like you menfolk, isn’t it?” She rattled on cheerfully about the shooting and the scarcity of birds, and the prospects for duck in the winter. ‘To Framton it was all purely horrible. He made a desperate but only partially successful effort to turn the talk on to 4 less ghastly topic, he was conscious that his hostess was siving him only a fragment of her attention, and her eyes ‘were constantly straying past him to the open window and the lawn beyond, Ie was certainly an unforeunate coincidence ‘that he should have paid his visit on this tragic anniversary. “The doctors agree in ordering me complete rest, an absence of mental excitement, and avoidance of anything in the nature of violent physical exercise” announced Framton, ‘who laboured under the tolerably widespread delusion that total strangers and chance acquaintances are hungry for the least detail of one’s ailments and infirmities, their cause and ccure.'On the matter of diet they are not so much in agreement; he continued, “No?' said Mrs, Sappleton, ina voice which only replaced ‘a yawn atthe last moment. Then she suddenly brightened into alert attention — but not to what Framton was saying, “Here they are at last!” she cried, ‘Just in time for tea, and don they look as if they were muddy up to the eyes!” Framton shivered slightly and turned towards the niece with a look intended to convey sympathetic comprehy child was staring out through the ‘open window with a dazed horror in her eyes. In a chill shock of nameless fear Framton swung round in his seat and looked in the same direction, In the deepening twilight three figures were walking across the lawn towards the window, they all carried guns under their arms, and one of them was additionally burdened with a white coat hung over his shoulders. A tired beown spaniel kept close at their heels. Noiselessly they neared the house, and then a hoarse young voice chanted out of the dusk: ‘I said, Bertie, why do you bound?” Framton grabbed wildly at his stick and hat; the hall door, the gravel drive, and the front gate were dimly noted stages in his headlong retreat. A cyclist coming along the oad had to run into the hedge to avoid imminent collision. “Here we are, my dear) said the bearer of the white ‘mackintosh, coming in through the window, ‘fairly muddy, but most of i's dry. Who was that who bolted our as we came up?" “A most extraordinary man, a Mz Nuttely said Mrs. Sappleton; ‘could only talk about his illnesses, and dashed. off without a word of goodbye or apology when you arrived. One would think he had seen a ghost. expect it was the spaniel, said the niece calmly;‘he told me he had a horror of dogs. He was once hunted into a cemetery somewhere on the banks of the Ganges by a pack of pariah dogs, and had to spend the night in a newly dug grave with the creatures snarling and grinning and foaming just above him. Enough to make anyone lose their nerve.” Romance at short notice was her special Tet eto om The Open indo, by Se, om the book The Ee of Cidhood Oxford Booxworms CalectonReview: Units 1 and 2 es 2. Match beginnings 1-6 0 endings. 1 Everyone wassittingin total _ Complete the second sentence so that it has the same meaning asthe first. 2 Inthe end, was Stefan who came ‘There may be more than one possible answer. upwith —— 1. The weather wasn't as warm as we'd expected. 3. Atfirst, many ofthe staff resisted __ ‘The weather was swhere near _as warm as weld expected. 4 When you're busy time __ 2 ‘The developers must consult local residents about the plans. 5 Wedrove arounda bend and There must bea consultation caught 3 Thestore in Posnaf was much less successful than the one in Wroclaw. 6 Some ofthe companies are rather Thestore__wasnt nearly feed 4 As the number of tourists grows, you get more and more hotels and Voanteateg sent ioe ainanes restaurants. bb fliesandithe end of the day comes The greater the number of the 5. There were a number of problems when the new regulations were round very quickly. € silence, looking down at their implemented. ‘mobile phones. ‘There werea number of problems__the d thetimes and are still using implementation —_____.. paper-based filing systems. 6 Last time Ivisited, the building was still being renovated. € the changes to working practices. Last time Ivisited, ‘was still in progress. Pe aseoiinot i tiepeblet Weed Anu 2 Complete the extract with words from the box. There are some wordsyou 4 Complete the sentences with a phrase do not need, There may be more than one possible answer. reat ba bet ath ia tare ares ‘adapt again amazingly entails giving human implement bh afew, Jeunpoe8 Orso overcome pay person radically remarkably resist time utterly SoTeaters WARTAEOILGE UAH 1 When you apply fora new passport, it can take up 24 six weeks to atrive. 2 Ladmit Iwas nervous the first time Lhad to speakin front ofan audience. ‘As human beings, were creatures of habit, we don't like change. Sometimes we find it dificult to? to changes in our routine. ven a simple change, such as cutting down the amaunt of coffee we drink, can be hard to We know we should cut down andt seems so simple, but actually ays ecarieatingeyures lorfieen ‘ a surprising amount of effort, years ia somehow the ® ___ 4 Apparently, 150 brainis wied for routine, tkeeps sending Yh erate (ar tga the Rec omiest signals tong us we want coffee and jit pad those signals feel 5 Wehad minor hard to ignore. It becomes extremely dificuttto7_______theurge and we can't help but ® attention to what our brains ae trying to tellus. So time and® despite our best intentions, we give in ‘and have that coffee after al, problems atthe start, but things are running smoothly now. 6 this is quite an important step forward for me in my career. @ v7Teams 3.1 The perfect team behaviour and attitude 1 Complete the profiles with the correct form of words from the box. ‘There are four words you do not need. big boost centre do get high make open see sit stand view Nor is the head of department. Since she took over six months ago, she's implemented a number of measures to employee morale. A positive attitude and good teamworking are really important to her. She has very? expectations ¥ ‘of herself and everyone around her. So she's encouraged each of her team to choose one area in which they want to develop their sills and is supporting them in doing so. Also, as a ‘manager, she's always willing to get involved and to 8 her hands dirty. Liza is very good with details, she’s always the fone to spot the errors in a dacument of to pick ‘out the potential flaws in a plan. But she has the ability to the ‘big picture’ +00 and she often comes up with some really ai Innovative ideas. She's very experienced in her role, but she's still always © to new ideas. She's really embraced the skills development programme that Nor put in place. the fence. He's good fun to have around, but he can be abit of a Mvouble sometimes. If he’s {going to be an effective member of the team, he's going to have to settle down a bit. 18| Orr Oxford 3000" 2a Complete the questions using the phrases from exercise 1 in the correct form. 1 Areyou fixed in your ways or are you 2. Doyou prefer to work behind the scenes ‘ordo you like ’ 3. Doyou tend to take sides ina discussion ordoyou a 4 Are you good at focusing on the details or are you better at 7 5 Doyour managersstand backand let your team get on with it or do they prefer 6 Doyou of yourself ‘ordo you just do the minimum necessary? 7 Doyou try to fit in with others or can you be 2 8 When things aren't going well, are you the one complaining or do you try to 2 b. Match questions 1-8 in exercise 2a to answers a-h. a __ They thinkit's important to get involved. b __ Iprefer to try to help keep a positive atmosphere at times like that. © ___ Ithink1'm quite good at seeing things from a wider perspective. d____ Im fairly shy, so Pm happiest just ‘getting on with work at my desk. © __ Let’sjust say Ialways make my opinions quite clear. £ __ Ofcourse, you always want to do your best, don’t you? g 1. Hove learning new skills, that's the best part ofthe job. h ___ ad sayt'm pretty chilled out so generally get on fine with everyone,42, Complete the conversations using an auxiliary verb form and any other necessary words GENE auxiliary verbs 3. Read about team building and complete the participants 1A Have you asked Tim about the schedule for Friday? ‘comments with an auxiliary verb from the box. You can use each verb more than once. ‘am did didn't do dont had were ing: a series of actvtias that are designed to boost morale and encourage batter cooperation in a team of people The actives ae nt actly comnected tothe team's normal work and ae often fu, ‘ysiealchallnges that ivlve working together to achieve a gal 41. Some people make fun of the idea of team-building activites, but in fact, they bring a lot of real benefits. 2 Iwas abit sceptical about the whole idea before our frst ‘team-building day and so, ‘many of my colleagues. 3 None of the others had been on a team-buliding day before, but ‘0 | knew what to expect. 4 I thought fee sly doing some of the tasks, but actualy, ‘once we got started, atall, 5 You soon fing that If everyone else is throwing themselves into somethin, then 50 you. 16 We were set some tasks that dh think we'd manage, but actually we In the end, and it was cealysatstying. 7. tf you want to get the best from @ team-bullaing acthity, you have to approach it with enthusiasm, 8 Sometimes, you think you're going to look ridiculous, but you because everyone's inthe same position, 8 Idi think | was a very good team player, but by the end of the day, | realized ''m actualy very good at helping others reach agreement. 10. My advice for making the most out of the day? o into every activity wth an open mind, even iit intaly seems a bit sly B Yes, [have .It'sall sorted, 2A Thaven'theard anything from the organizers yet ‘about the workshop. B No, neither 3 A Youweren't listening, were you? B Yes, = Theard everything he said. 4A Areyou free for a meeting at ten o'elockon ‘Wednesday? B Yes, Ithink Ml check my diary, though, 5 A I'mnot sure the sales team are going to like my ideas. B = don't worry. 6 A Arethe brochures ready? We really need to send them out by the end of the week. B Yes, [know, Don't worry, they'll be back from the printers tomorrow. 7A I'imgoing to be working again this weekend, B Yes,so Isalways a busy time of year, 8A 'mnotsure whether to go on the trip to the funfair atthe weekend. I's not really my thing. B ‘come along ~it Il be fun! 3a) Listen and check your answers. auxiliary verbs © 32{)Listen and repeat the phases from exercise 4a tean ... Very well_Quite well_ More practice talk about behaviour and attitude Oo Oo Oo ‘use auxiliary verbs. oO 9 Oo 1920 3.2 Team game GEM antics 1a Circle the correct options in italies to complete the descriptions (-=no article). In India, "- / the cricket isthe national sport. When youte?o / the kid, you play cricket in the street and at? ~/ the school, and everyone wants tobe on the cricket team. When India are playing * a / the big international match, the streets are empty because everyone's gathered round the TY watching § 0 / the game. ‘The New Zealand rugby team, the All Black, are undoubtedly 6a / the best team in the world You can't beat 7 ~ / the excitement of going to ® o/ the live match. The fans arrive ato / the stadium dressed inthe team’ all black shirts with the white fern emblem. Then before a / the match starts, the team lines Lup facing " / the opposition in the middle (ofthe pitch forthe haka: % a / - traditional Maori war dance that’s designed to intimidate their opponents. b 33} Listen and check your answers. (Or Oxford 3000" 2 Complete the magazine article using a, an, the or -(no article). The sports fan There are four different types of Which one are you? sports fan player is someone who laves taking partin3_ sport. They exercise regularly, they goto# gym, or they play for 5 team, be that football or basketball or whatever. ‘They often love §_ physicality of sport and they enjoy being part of ?_team, *___ excplayer used to be sporty when they were at* college ‘and they still think of themselves as r sportsperson. Nowadays though, they probably only actually take part in sportonce "___week - they go for "2___runona Sunday marning or they play five-a-side footballin ®__ team with their mates. 4___ loyal supporter has followed "® particular team for many years, often all their life. ‘They go toall the matches, they know ™ players and they always buy the latest replica kit. they can't goto” _game, they'lbe following it closely on TV or online, living every moment asf they were there, 18___armehair fan rarely actually goes toa match. Instead, they watch on TV from %*_ comfort of their armchair [Armchair Fans often enjoy a number of 2, sports, but dont follow any of them regularly. They tend to watch 21___ big games so they can give their expert opinion to the guys in 22 office on Monday morningWEETIED success and failure 3 ‘Match beginnings 1-12 to endings a-1 1 Asacoach, hewasa complete flop _<_ 2. The early-morning training sessions finally paid __ 3. There seems to have been a breakdown __ 4 After several injury setbacks, he finally had to give 5 In2014, he overcame __ 6 Onlyahandful of these youngsters will make __ 7 The London Olympics turned 8 His relationship with the new coach didn’t work 9 Myouwanttodo 10 Ifa complicated dive doesn't come 11 Itstaken me many years to get __ 12, Eventually, the match officials succeeded __ in and retired from the sport aged just twenty-six. ‘well in any sport, you have to train hard and he was sacked after just six months. out to be his last tournament, ashe retired the following year. in getting the match restarted. 1 off, you can lose alot of marks. 8 aserious knee injury to compete in the World Championships. 1h itas professional tennis players. i outand they split just a few months late, j tothe top of my sport k_ inrelations between the players and the management team, 1 offwhen she made the national team, © STUDY TIP Avays thnk bout the style orgie of new ‘words or phrases. Use a dictionary and make a note of any that are generally used in informal or conversational contexts. 1» The whole thing was a complete flop. informal) ‘= Unfortunatly, the scheme dian’t work out as planned. neutral) ‘= Overall the scheme proved ineffective. (more formal) 4 Complete the anecdotes using words from exercise 3. Some words are used more than once. ‘When I was about thirteen, atop long-distance runner came to talk at my school. He told us about all the obstacles he'd had to! in order wo? to the top in his sport. He didn't have proper running shoes and there was no coach in the small village where he grew up. He didn’t 3 in though, and went out training. early every morning before school. He talked about how his commitment and persistence# off when he won the regional trials and got picked up by the national development team. I found his story really inspiring and I often think back to it when I'm finding something difficult, He never gave up hope and I try tobe just as positive. Recently, l organized a five-a-side football competition ‘where I work. I thought it would be fun and lots of ‘people were keen to jin in, initially, everything seemed tobe® ‘out OK, Plenty of people had signed up and Pd arranged a venue. Somehow though, there was a bit of a& in communications and it? ‘out that the pitch had been double-booked, It meant [had to change the date at the last minute and lots of people couldn't ‘ it afterall. In the end, not that ‘many people turned up, but we still had lots of fun definitely try and do it again, ‘The X Games was my first major snowboarding championship and Iwas determined to, Vd been practising a new trick that I wanted to use in the competition, I'd been landing it perfectly in training, but Iwas worried about whether it would ‘off on the day. [felt really nervous about competing with. ‘so many top boarders, but [overcame my nerves and ‘my run went perfectly. didn't win or anything, but it into the top twenty, ‘which for me was @ well real achievement! 6 ean... Very well_Quite well_ More practice se articles, Oo Oo Oo talk about success and failure, oO 9 Oo 23.3 Vocabulary development prepositional phrases 1 Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions. 1 t'm two minds about what to do, 2 Thaven't got much cash. Iwent to the cash machine, but twas, of order. 3 Ithink you should let them know you're OK, the very least 4 Samwas| the impression you were leaving next week, times I really wonder ‘whether I'm in the right job. 6 OurCEO turned up warning and everyone went into abitofa panic. 7 Ymsure Zuzana will have updated the schedule, as she's usually pretty the ball, 8 We'eall alossasto what to get Jimmy asa leaving present. Any ideas? 9 The software selects image random from a database of pictures, 10 the most part, I'm based in the office. only visit clients very occasionally. 22| Ort Oxford 3000" (rene acuse) © STUDY TIP prepositional phrases typical appear inthe dctonary at the entry for the noun adectve, ater han the repeston, So you wil find out of order atthe en for order. Some prepostona pases have more than one meaning, So pase does seem oftin context chek inthe tory, = The printers ou order = not workin = ome of ese pages ae ou of ode = not ranged correct) = Dave's comments were realy ou of order («not acceptable behaviour informa 2 Choose the correct meaning of the underlined prepositional phrases, ‘a immediately at the same time 1 The children were very excited and all talking atonce. 2 Report any injuries or accidents to management atonce, —__ ‘a one after the other bas a result in a series of events 3. We'll go round each person in.turn and ask you to introduce yourself. 4. Poor communication causes misunderstandings, which in turn can lead toa negative atmosphere and low morale. ‘a sed to introduce the first and often most important point b atthe beginning 5 Iwas quite nervous about speaking in font of people 10 start with, butnow I'ma more confident presenter. 6 ‘There are a number of issues here. To start with, the deadlines are very tight. —_ a in addition to b physically on or covering something else Cin control or up-to-date with a situation 7 The boxes can easily be stacked on top of each other. __ 8 Idon'thave the time for extra training on top ofall my other work, —_ 9. Weneed to make sure we're on top ofthe latest regulations before the inspection,3.4 Speaking and writing checking and rephrasing a 24{) Listen toa meeting about how a large independent department store delivers products to customers and complete the extracts. Ping 1. Sorry, what did yousaid departments are using different delivery options? 2 What some departments are sending things out using regular mail 3 Sorry, Ididn't last part 4 What asa company, we need to find the best way to organize all our deliveries. 5 Areyou 2 6 So you'd like usall touse the same courier company? Sorry, Idon't rm. {fwe can find one supplier.. ‘each department will still have the final say. b Replace sentences 1-3 with three phrases from the conversation. 1 Doyou follow? 2 Letme rephrase that. 3. What was that again? Jean... a proposal 2a Choose the most appropriate phrases to complete the extracts from a proposal attract more fans to a local basketball cub, The purpose / reason ofthis proposalis to recommend ways that the club ean attract new supporters tots games. b The below / following ideas were put forward to make the club more attractive to new supporters © Arange ofstakeholders, including club staf, players, supporters and members ofthe wider community vwereasked / were commissioned to take part in a series of focus group meetings. 4 Having considered all the options, we recommend to introduce / introducing a wider range of ticket prices ‘appeal to different groups. € Itisclear rom / Iisstated in the feedback that, while existing supporters attend matches regularly, more needs tobe done to attract families and younger fans. £ More community engagement. Players could visit local schools o take part in basketball raining sessions. That kind of Such a programme would not only benefit young people inthe area, but help to attract younger fans to games. The proposal is requested / was commissioned by the club's management board asa result of falling ticket sales hh ‘The resulting losses from introducing reduced price tickets for some groups would be outweighed | rectified by the increase in overal sales. {Special ticket offers. These could include / consist of reduced ticket prices for under sixteens and special family tickets. ‘Match the extracts a-iin exercise 2a to the headings 1-4, ‘More than one extract may go under the same heading, 1 The purpose ofthe proposal _a 2. Background to the report 3 Proposals from stakeholders 4 Recommendations Put the extracts a2 34 5 6 7 89 exercise 2a Very well_quitewell_ More practice se prepositional phrases, oO oO oO check and rephrase, oO Oo Oo ite a proposal 6 o a24 Responsibility 4.1 Age of responsibility degrees of obligation 1a Choose the correct phrase: about children flying alone. Children travelling alone “Therules around children traveling alone vary from aiine toailine 50 youneed 0 / youre supposed to check with the Individual tine when you bookyour tickets. Most aitines offer a special service for unaccompanied children which generally 2 hasto / must be arranged at the time of booking, = Most altines dont need /dontalow children under the age coffiveto travel withoutan adult. 1 Children aged 5-12 can /had beter usually travel using the aiine's unaccompanied children arrangements. In most cases, aie policy states that an adult ® must / ought to take the child tocheckin and itmay also ® be needed / be necessary for them ‘towaitat the airport until the fight has departed, 1 For teenagers, the picture sles clear. On mostaitines, 7 ieScompulsory st compulsory o make specl arrangements for children aged 12-16,’ up tothe individual family. youre in any doubt about your child traveling alone, 5 yout better / you should check with your aitline for advice Complete the sentences so they are correct according 10 the information in exercise la, 1. Children under the age of five 2 Airlines tuavel alone. 3 Parents of children may children aged 5-120 italics to complete the advice 44) Listen toa briefing for airline staffabout their tunaccompanied children service, Label each p (compulsory), A (advisable) or N (not necessary). 1 Introduce yourselfto the child and their parents at checkin. Giveyour fullname, __ Parents waitat check-in until departure, —_ CCheck the childs passportand documentsatcheckin, Stay with the child during security checks. Sitwiththe child at the departure gate, “Take the child to their seat on the plane. Reassure the child before leaving the plane. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets. 1 Under-sixteens should be monitored by cabin staff. (suppose) 2. You should check whether the hotel allows children under five. (better) 3. There are no age restrictions, so parents can decide whether the course is suitable for their children. (up to) 4. We don't let our children use the internet unsupervised. (allow) 5. Inmost countries, you don't qualify to vote in elections until you reach eighteen, (can't) 6 Inmany schools, children have to wear a uniform up to the age of sixteen. (compulsory) 7 Students over sixteen can go on school trips without their parents’ permission, (need) 8 You don’t need to book a separate seat for under-fives, (necessary) 4 Children aged 12-16 Or Oxford 3000"WAEITENY responsibility 4 ‘Match beginnings 1-8 to endings a-h. Hasanyone owned __ Who'sin __ Twas counting My team’s responsible take care __ You're notto blame —_ People's memories aren't always Local people hold the mining company —__ forall the artwork in the catalogue. up to breaking the window? reliable when it comes to the exact details. of the flights, if you can book a hotel. for what happened - itwasn't your fault responsible forthe river pollution. ‘on them, butthey let me down. charge of security for the event? ‘Complete the comments using the correct form of the ‘words from the box. blame charge count hold own reliable responsible take as to be someone who's They're? for both running the programme efficiently and ensuring the childcen’s wel-being. The parents are? ‘on them to make sure nothing goes wrong. A youth group leader hi As group leader, I'm basically in ¢ Rewrite the sentences using words and phrases from the box. You may use each one more than once. There may be ‘more than one possible answer. lame charge count ownup reliable responsible take care 1 We need a business partner we can rely on to help us expand the company. 2 Charlie Coleman runs the day-to-day operations in New York, 3. We want to recruit someone to deal with customer queries and complaints. 4 The success of the project is directly down to us. One of the boys finally admitted that he'd posted the comments. 6 Timsure we can trust Abito sort everythi \gout forus. 7 Inaround 70% of road accidents involving cyclists, the motorists at fault. 8 Cana ten-year-old child really be thought ofas being accountable for their actions? of everything atthe camp. | organize the programme of activities, but | also have to care of practical arrangements ike catering and accommodation. kids willbe kids, and inevitably things get damaged and broken. | always try to find out who's to but often |'m met with silence, as no one wants to tell on their riends. So, ifno one? up, then the entire group is responsible for any damage, Jean... Very well_quitewell_ More practice ‘express degrees of obligation, 0 Oo ic talk about responsibilty. oO Oo Oo 2526 4.2 WETTED phrases with care 1 Complete the sentences with words and phrases from. the box. ‘acarein the world carefree careless carer caring handle with care health care take care the roads are icy this morning. 2 Iwish Icould be as as sheis, but Itend to worry about things. 3 Itarrived ina box with orange, fragile stickers on the outside. 4 Access to clean water, education and affordable are vital for development. 5. You need to check your answers when you finish, to avoid mistakes. 6 Paulis severely disabled and needs a to help him wash and dress in the morning. 7 This workshop on dealing with people with dementia isrelevantto people in the professions. 8 Askids, weran around in the woods without 2a. Match the words with care 1-5 o the sets of collocations a. 1 carefree _b_ role, professions 2 careless __ lifestyle, atitude, existence 3 caring = © centre, provider 4 daycare 4 mistake, driving, remark 5 health care system, professional b_ Match phrases from exercise 2a to descriptions 1-5, 1 having no stresses, worries or responsibilities a carefree lifestyle 2 adenti 3 aplace where children or older people can go during. the day 4 looking after young children or an elderly or disabled 1g You said by accident that upset someone Or Oxford 3000" paramedic, surgeon or hospital administrator The caring generation 3 Complete the voters’ replies using a word or phrase that includes care, ‘What issues are important to you in the forthcoming election?’ 1 The costo ving’s important to me. fm a looking ater ‘iy elderly parents and I can only work parttime who go toa centre and it's really expensive, Se 2 Childcare costs. I've got two young children | at ‘m not interested in pots how we're going to the increasing number of older people in society. SU EEE 4 rm worted about the aging population and | 5 Forme, isthe biggest issue, mm a nurse in the local hospital land we've suffered from cuts in funding for years now. 16 | want to hear what the politicians have tosay about public sector pay. At the ‘moment, nurses and social workers and others in the are really underpaid. yo.=GENIE passives 4a_ Read texts 1-3 and decide which one is @ anacademie article b areportabout uncertainties __ © asetofrules, Passengers are not permitted to speak to or distract the driver ‘hist the coach sin mation, Customers using mobile phones are kindly asked to keep their conversations as short as possible ‘Atollet canbe found tothe rear ofthe vehicle. ‘To date, tle in-depth research has been carzied tutto the lives of young carers that I, children Wwho help to look after a sick or disabled relative Tis estimated that there are around 180,000 young carers inthe UK, However, lite is understood about the potential effects of such caring responsibilities on the education and socal development ofthese young people. ‘The questionnaire was tested in the UK and translated. into French and Spanish to ensure questions we consistent between languages. British, French and Spanish researchers were recruited and trained to administer the questionnaire, Data collection 00k place during the peak summer tourist period, Participants were given a questionnaire to complete and return ina sealed envelope, cece c«—«—-r—— b_ Underline examples of passive verb forms in each textin exercise 4a. © Identify the purpose of each passive used in the texts in exercise 4a. There may be more than one possible answer. ‘@ Tofocus on the action, not the person who did it. ‘To create an impersonal, objective style. ‘To make rules seem less personally directed. To report facts that are not certain, To describe an action that happens by accident or unexpectedly. Jean... a1 @ a3 sa ss 5a Complete the sentences using a passive form ofthe verb(s) 6 in brackets. 1 Smallpox_ir believed to have arrived in theUSAWwith early European colonizers in the 1600s, (believe / arrive) 2 Dogs___onthe beach during the summer period, (not allow) 3. The survey reveals that only one-third of elderly people who livealone ‘ona daily basis, (wisic) 4 Alotofservices focus on the disabled person and often theneeds of the carer (get / forged) 5 The results bywo independent observers who both found high levels of pollution. (analyse) 6 The first Barnado's home for boys, in 1867. (establish) 7 Many ofher childhood photos during the fire. (get / damage) 8 The company s procedures since the incident. (understand / change) passive forms 42) Listen, check and repeat. “Match the passives in sentences I-B in exercise Sato the purposes a-e in exercise de. There may be more than one possible answer, a a a a ) Rewrite the sentences using a passive verb form, 1 We interviewed 150 patients about their experience at the hospital. 2 Architects are designing the facilites to maximize accessibility or disabled students. 3. The government intends to attract more young people to the caring professions with this new scheme. 4 Researchers excluded people outside the target age group from the study. 5 Nurses check on patients atleast once every hour. 6 _Lenny’s family have been caring for him athome for the pastten years. Very well_quitewell_ More practice use phrases with care, Oo Oo oO use passives. oO Oo Oo a