1 ZERO CONDITIONAL present simpne +f PRESENT | Le * (sine ‘you get fat. Ifyou eat to0 much, talk about something that is true at any time: Ifsomething is lighter than water, it floats. Idon’t cycle to work ifit’s very cold | FIRST CONDITIONAL [f+ presen simpLe + will (orl) | IfIsee Ann, P'Mlinvite her. | We use if + Present Simple + will to talk about things that are possible in the future: We will go to the beach this Saturday ifthe weather is hot enough. (= It's possible it will behot.) Note that in this sentence there isa possibility and aresult: 5 future possibility + result Hfitshos ‘we will go t0 the b Ifthe resultis only possible, not certain, we | use might (not will): Ifit’shot, we might go to the beach. ( tis possible that we will go to the beach if it’shot,) ractice 16 Zero, first and second conditionals We can use unless to mean ‘f...not': Weill go to the mountains on Saturday unless it rains. doesn’t rain.) Unless you pay for the broken window, I'l phone the police. (=f you don’t pay,...) B SECOND CONDITIONAL [If+rasrsimere + would (or’d) [he worked less, he'd enjoy life more. | We use if+ Past Simple + would to talk about the present, and to imagine something different from the real situation now: If Shakespeare was alive today, what would he write about? (Shakespeare isn't alive today.) animals could speak, we would be able to discover what they think. (We aren't able to discover what animals think, because they can't speak.) If he didn’t live so close to his ofice, he wouldn't be able to stay in bed so late in the ‘morning. ‘We can also use the second conditional to talk about an unlikely situation in the future: fall the ice in the world melted, many coastal towns would disappear. ‘Write what happens when you heat these things, asin the example. 0 The boiling point of water is 100 degrees centigrade So if you heat water t 100 degrees, it boils. 1 The melting point of gold is 1063 degrees centigrade. So 2. The boiling point of alcohol is 78 degrees. So 3. The melting point of silver is 960 degrees. So Complete each sentence using the verb in brackets in the Present Simple or with will, as in the examples. 0 Ifshe wine ___ (win) a prize, Mary —willbe 1 IfJohn (come) this weekend, we. 20 IfAnn — — (write) to me, I —— _— (be) very happy. (go) to the theatre. (tell) you what she says. PAGE 363) My father (forgive) Susan ifshe —___ (pay) for the broken window. 4 Jack _____ (feel) alot better if he —_____ (stop) smoking. 5 IfBob _ (need) some money, we — (lend) him some. 6 IfMark (listen) to the instructions, he _____ (know) what to do. > Put willor mightin the gaps. 0. fMary comes, 1 __will_ definitely tell her what happened. 0 1 might change my car if get a better job, but I'm not sure, 1 Alan hasn't decided but he thinks that ifhis health doesn’t improve, he _____ move to another town. 2. Rose has decided what to do; if Tom doesn’t want to go to the museum, she —____go there alone. 3. We've decided; we ______lend them our car if they pay for the petrol. 4 Fmnorsure, If win some money, 1 _____ take a holiday, or1____ pur the money in the bank, Rewrite the underlined words using the words in brackets. 0. They wor't let her in to the concert unless she has a ticket. (if) They won'tlet her in _if she doen't: have a ticket. 0 Wewon’t go and see that film ifyou don't want to. (unless) We won't go and see that film —unlese.you wa 1 Thedoctor will not see you if you do not telephone first. (unless) The doctor will not see you 2 You can’t go and stay at the Johnsons’ unless they invite you. (G8) You can’t go and stay at the Johnsons’ 3° Youcan't be a sailor unless you can swim. (if) You can't bea sailor ___ — — — - 4 Our team will be in trouble if we don’t win on Saturday. {unless) Our team will be in trouble Use each statement in brackets () to complete each sentence. Use wouldn't be able to. 0. (Cats have very good eyes; that’s why they can see in the dark.) If cats didn't have very good eyes, they _ wouldn't be able to see in the dark. ee in the dark.) Ifbats didn’t have very good ears, they ee 1 (Bats have very good ears; that’s how they move about so easi 2 (Dogs are able to recognize people because they have a good sense of smell.) Dogs iftthey didn’thave a good sense of smell. 3. (Wecan train dogs; that’s why they are able to help blind people.) Ifwe couldn't train dogs, they ee 4. (Elephants remember everything because they have good memories.) _______if they didn't have good memories. 5 (Horses can pull heavy loads because they are very strong.) Eset pe emeeaneioe tou ebRNRNEUN Gr thoy werent very strong Elephants — PAGE 37