IELTS Listening Section Rules

Among all modules, listening is the easiest and wildest card for IELTS. If you can get a great mark for
listening, your total score will be good.

Gap fill is almost half (20) of the total (40) marks in listening.

1. If they want "3words,” it means the ans will be in-between 1-3 words, “2words” means 1-2
words, and “1word and/or a number” means it could be (1 word and a number=10 years) (one
word-years) (one number=10). Spelling mistakes will be considered wrong.
2. Most of the ans will be in nouns. Always try to guess the answer in advance. If you get confused
between a noun and an adjective, the answer will be the noun. Underline the word before and
after the gap.
3. Articles (a, an, and the) will determine the noun (singular or plural). (A & an= only singular)
(the=both).
4. If the article is "the,” then try to find some other words also (few of the, all the, is/was
the=singular) (were the, only the=plural).
5. If you find “and” and “or” last word before and 1st word after the gap, Ans will be similar to the
previous or following words ““and” and “or”. E.g. (golden and ___) Ans will be like (golden and
green)

MCQ: Most of the time, two people (one man and one woman) will have a conversation. Try to
understand who will give the answer and underline the name.

1. If you find the word "agree”, then one will give the answers and another will say (hum, you are
right, yes). If you find the word “disagree” then one will give the answer and another will say
(but, no, I don’t think so).
2. Underline negative words (no, not, never, wrong, disadvantage) and positive words (special,
unusual, super, unique, advantage, uncommon).
3. Underline Time frame words (present, past, future, new, recently, nowadays, already have, will
be added). If the Q askes for recent items, eliminate past and future items.
4. The underlined place (upper, lower, or middle part of any place) question will ask for things in a
specific part, but while speaking, they will speak about all the parts. So, you will have to identify
the feature of the specific part that the question asked.
5. Sometime the question asks direct question like (what/when/how cause/ reason/ benefits)
underline these words.
6. Underline Adjective degrees (positive “good”, comparative “better” “more significant”,
superlative “best” “most/main significant")

Box matching: Read the question carefully first. One person will give the information. Try to find key
words in the box. Never try to eliminate anything in this section.

Maps: Read the heading first and mark all the directions on the map by (north, south, east, west,
right, left). There is always a starting point, and the speaker will always come back to the starting point
for each question. Check the road or street names first, then other features. See the solutions on the
next page.
In front of, facing, near/next to/by/besides/along, across from/opposite side, between,
turn right, turn left, go straight on/ straight ahead, travel northwest, go past/just past,
in the middle / center of, behind, corner, pass through, on the other side, heading
north, before you get to, dead end, bend/turning/curve, winding line, corridor,
roundabout, far-side, leads off, leads to
 Singular/Plural
Present simple tense: For the present indefinite tense, if (main verb +s/es), then the subject or noun will
be singular. The lion eats meat. The birds fly in the sky.
Uncountable nouns: They have a singular form and do not have a plural form – you can't add an s to it.
E.g., dirt, rice, water, star, people, information and hair, Money, Time, Traffic. Some uncountable nouns are
abstract (not physical) nouns such as advice, knowledge, Love, happiness, Fear, Travel, Kindness, Sadness.

Quantifier: a word or phrase which is used before a noun to indicate the number or amount quantity.
Quantifiers answer questions such as “How many? (singular/plural)” and/or “How much? (singular)”
uncountable nouns countable nouns for both
(& singular) (& plural)
 much  Many/several  all/some water, all/some pens
 a little  a few/few/very few  enough pencils/ enough water
 a bit (of)  a number/majority of  more/most pencils, more/most water
 less/least  several  not any pencils / any water
 a great/good deal of  A couple/Hundreds of  a lot/plenty of pencils, a lot/plenty of
 an amount/quantity of water, no pencil/pencils/water.
Singular pronouns: anyone, anybody, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody,
everything, nothing, Another, each, either you … or he is,
Plural pronoun: Neither you... nor he are.

Regular Plurals: A singular noun makes the plural by adding-s.boatboats, carcars, catcats.
A singular noun ending in s, x, z, ch, sh makes the plural by adding-es.
busbuses, wishwishes, pitchpitches, boxboxes.
Change I to e: Analysisanalyses, diagnosisdiagnoses, oasisoases, thesistheses, crisiscrises,
Irregular Plurals: womanwomen, manmen, childchildren, toothteeth, footfeet, person
people, leafleaves, mousemice, goosegeese, halfhalves, knifeknives, wifewives, lifelives,
elfelves, loafloaves, cactuscacti, focusfoci, fungusfungi, nucleusnuclei, datumdata
phenomenonphenomena,
keep same form: SheepSheep, fishfish, deer deer, species species, aircraft aircraft

Plural indication in Listening: are/were/two/three/these/male and

female/variety/various/different/ types/divide into/ between
Plural indication in Listening: A/an/is/this/that/between a and b

Some examples: And: It is possible to hire laptops and printers. Subjects include finance and
marketing. Goods made of metal and wood. In the final stages of axe-making, water and sand
are necessary. He will explain arrangements for security and fire exits.
Of: Lack of restrictions in the east encouraged the growth of business. Construction of facilities for the
building of ships. Workers came from other parts of country. making spoons out of wood. They came out
of the woods. Mazes are a type of puzzle.
On: Ancient carvings on stone/s have been found across many cultures. Greeks, used symbol/s on coin/s.
Produced from the area was used to feed the people.
He will give out the tax forms.
Almost 20 people went there. A glass of water. Five glasses of water.
The method that must be used to collect data is telephone interviews.
Identify the patterns, e.g., cause and effect.
 Words for listening
Others: attraction, breadth/range, breeze, facilities, fantastic/ spectacular/ fabulous/
amazing, festival, freeze, frequency/regularity, government, heist/robbery, individual,
Instant, instance/example, loose, lose, lost, memorable, optimist, pessimistic, hypotheses,
pragmatic, original, persuade, proficiency/efficiency, efficient, , liner, offer, chasten,
squash/squeeze, adequate, suggest, suitable, trend/tendency, cooperate, cooperative,
cooperation/union/ group, confidence, confusion/hesitate, circumstance, domestic,
discussion/ conversation/dialog/dialect, conference/seminar, speech, ally, alliance, rely,
expansion, necessary, hasty/quick, hindrance, begin/commence/start, verdict, suspicious,
arduous/difficulty, anomaly/messy, retrieve, mediocre/typical/average/ordinary,
amplify/intensify, technique, variable, sniffing, enclosure, definition, council, involve, entity,
innovation, savvy/cleaver, solution, repair, relevant, separate, coarse/uneven,
Documentation: opposite, deposit, send, encyclopedia, catalogue/bibliography/list, VISA,
guaranty/security/ insurance, leaflet, lease, withdraw, written, renewable, retail voucher,
assessment/verification/analysis/proofreading/checking/review, interview, questionnaire,
assignment/theses/dissertation/survey report, appointment, reservation, retention, revise,
routine, receipt, reception, receptionist, recipient/ receiver/registrar, register, temporary,
recommend, repeat, recruitment, research, illegal, application, partial refund, passport, non-
refundable, newsletter, mortgage, mission, lecture sheet, lecturer, leisure, easy, essay,
narrative, journal, diary, course, dictionary, handout/note, installment, attendance,
grant/annuity/allowance, donate, commerce, arrange, mandatory/compulsory/obligatory,
obvious/clear, concentrate, draft, budget, certificate, checkbook, circular, debt, borrow/loan,
coupon, principles/ policy, counterfeit/fake money, curriculum vitae/resume, database,
demonstration, acknowledgement, magazine, license, description, taxation/duty-fee/vat,
skim/scan, revision, vocabulary, Transaction, menu, manuscript, technical, transparent
citation/reference, evidence/proof,
Occupation & subject: carrier, engineer, college, colleague, office staff, trainee, tailor
specialist, tutor/coach/mentor, tuition, studying, support, psychologist, pilot, organizer,
coordinator, director, superior, supervisor, advisor, waiter, waitress, philosophy, science,
economics, statistic, secretary, merchandiser, nursing, professor, politics, thief/thieve,
manufacturer, librarian, literature, flight attendant, architect, beginner, math, mathematics,
architecture, cashier, assistant, finance department, dentist, accountant, interpreter, history,
craftsman, tourist, military, author, agent/clerk/mediator, grammar, programmer,
freelance, junior, senior, opportunity, democracy, democrats,
Education: geography, poetry, slide, work/study/survey/research/test, evaluate, aca-
demic, kindergarten, primary, secondary, intermediate, tertiary, semester, laboratory,
library, press, atlas/map, literacy, illiteracy, summarize, lesson, aspiration/ambition,
Man made: suit, career, making stuff/ instrument/tool/equipment), souvenir, product,
tele/distance, television, telephone, furniture, sandal, shoe, cloth, curtain/veil, scarf, polo/T-
shirt, fabric, towel, mattress, blanket, pillow/cushion, bowl, velvet, bedsit, pottery, laptop,
painting, luggage/suitcase, oven/microwave,, button, embroidery, cassette, umbrella,
cylinder, chimney, battery, stationary(pencil, paper), gadget, mass production, balloons,
bottle, leather, ladder, compass, litter box, adaptor, string/thread/wire, prototype robot,
household/housekeeping, jewelry, weapon, package cloakroom/toilet, telescope,
outdate/backdated, intact, lamp, touch, digital monitor, device, wheels, disk, backpack,
Material: rubber/elastic/eraser, composite, sand, marble, alloy, metal source, calcium,
copper, steel, zinc, silicon, sticky/glue, convenient, cheap, expensive leather, bone, brick,
concrete pebbles, iron, aluminum, coal, chemical-free, crystal, fur, feather, comfortable,
affordable ceramics, flexible, wood/timber/lumber, glass, diamond, magnetic, mosaic,
distill/refine, minerals, perfume, textile, cotton, fiberglass, wax,
Country & language: indigenous, listening, overseas, linguistic, bilingual/ multi-lingual/
polyglot, monolingual, emigration(leaving), immigrant (coming), immigrate, migrant,
migrate, mandarin, embassy, deport, residence, resident/inhabitant/habitant, Caribbean,
Antarctica, Asia, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Nigeria Russian, Portuguese, Philippine,
Pilipino, Persian, Norway, Greek, roman, Babylon, Egypt,
Infrastructure: suite/luxurious hotel, apartment, skyscraper, cottage, circuit/journey
house, dormitory, guest house, lounge, bungalow, accommodation, hammer, bridge, dam,
harbor/ port, fortress/castle, sewerage, park, immense corridor, balcony/verandah/terrace,
roof, ceilings, single double-bedded room, dining, drawing room, ventilation, treadmill,
wheel power, solar panels, pyramid, church/cathedral, temple, mosque, satellite, phone
booth, landlord, pitch, parliament, reef, measurement, shape(polygon, rectangular, oval,
triangle, square, spiral, spherical, circular, curved, cylindrical,), tent, clinic, club, mill,
avenue/road/street/pavement, glasshouse, log cabin, hut, passageway/subway/footpath,
cluster, pavilion/gallery/sunshade, stadium, colosseum, museum, develop, entire/whole,
entrance/gate, dimension(length, width, height/altitude), garage, pattern, terminal,
settlement/colony, sculpture/statue, rural, ministry, brewery, shopping center, collapse,
distortion, fence, cafeteria, café, restaurant, canteen, lighthouse,
Vehicle/haulage/transport: engine, passenger, van, train, traffic, jeep, double decker bus,
aircraft, jet/air plane, hovercraft, helicopter, helmet, forklift, sailboat, paddle steamer,
hydrofoil boat, container/cruiser/liner ship, seaplane canoe/kayak, dinghy sailing, tram line,
narrowboat/punt, gondola/ rowing boat, automobile, ferry, raft, voyage/journey, crane,
lorry, truck, cart, cabin crew, air-hostess, platform, subway/underground tunnel, stream train,
Time: immediately, seconds, minutes, weekday (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,
Friday), weekend/holiday (Saturday, Sunday), holyday (Eid, Christmas), tomorrow, every
other day, seasons, summer, winter, Autumn/Spring, Monsoon/rainy, fortnight/two weeks,
anniversary/annual, dawn, decade, century, millennium, ancient, grace period, lunar calendar,
Patient: peace, disease, thermometer, plague, anxiety/stress/depression, nervous, struggle,
blood pressure, suffocation, dementia, calm/tranquil, quiet/silent, quite/ pretty good, quit/
leave, overweight/obesity, breath, calories, vaccine, diagnosis, polio, attitude, welfare
isolation/solitary/private, fit, brain, habit, therapy, medication/antibiotic
/medicine/drug/remedy, striped, treatment, vision, refreshment, pan-demic, epi-demic,
urine, cholesterol, Meditation, hormone, soothing, immune, injury, tolerance, diabetic,
Entertainment: marvel, dance, music, singing, ballet, jazz, concert, orchestra, violine, flute,
clarinet, guitar, piano, art, cinema/theater, film/play/drama/opera stage, rhythm, tone,
applause, exhibition/carnival/parade, drummer, bullfight, tickets, hobbies, farewell,
exciting, assault, audience, marriage, escape, bullying, community, mystery, scary scenes,
visualize, clown, unjust, character, recreation, survival, revolution/rebellion,
Games/sports: chess, bi-cycle, abseiling/rock climbing, tai-chi, badminton, Olympics,
puzzle/jigsaw, billiards, yoga, team, swimming pool, gymnasium, symphony, sleeper,
snooker/pool, snowboarding, skydiving, kitesurfing, parachute, paragliding, scuba-diving,
skateboarding, tennis, soccer, golf, rugby, jogging, judo, hocky, javelin, ping-pong, ice-
skating, captain, cricket, archery shoe, voluntary, volunteer, practice/exercise strategies,
activities, championship, competition, compete, surpass, pedestrians/hiker,
tramping/hiking, kayaking, ability, climbing, experience, athlete, cycling, energetic,
supervise, gesture, posture, lottery, bungee jumping, windsurfing, bodyboarding, barbell,
Animal/creature: cetacean/aquatic mammals (whale/orca, dolphin, seal), nocturnal (tiger,
lion, hyena), reptile(lizard, snake, crocodile, alligator), amphibian(turtle, tortoise, frog, crab),
primates/ chimpanzee, elephant/mammoth kangaroo, zebra, horse, monkey, rabbit, otter,
honey badger, mice, seabirds, flamingo, seagull, penguin, ostrich, rodent/ guinea pig,
predator/hunter, prey, Pregnant, reproduction/breading, gene, cattle(sheep, cow), dairy
farm, poultry, wild species, tail, diversity, insect/pest(mosquito, bee, fungus, caterpillar),
bacteria/microbes, algae, silk worm moth, nest, variety, extinction, endanger, conservation,
aquarium, humanities, gender, liver, behavior, tongue, rehabilitation, Habitats, naked,
dwell/reside, adult, infant, toddler, life expectancy,
Plant: bark/outermost layers of stems/branch/trunk, leaf, leaves, nursery, mushroom,
grass, garden, root, thorns, husk/shell, vegetables, vegetarian, vegetation, berries,
agriculture, fertilizer, irrigation, harvesting, phylum/botany, genus/class/order/family
Food: cheese, dessert, diet/feed/prey on/hunt, sugar, salt, snack, yoghourt, red meat, grain,
pizza, potatoes, cucumber, salad bar, meal(supper/lunch, dinner), bitter, chocolate, peppers,
honey, egg yolk, cereals, bread, coffee, wheat, Spices, cinnamon, lentil, peas, bay leaf, chili,
cardamon, curry leaves, cumin seed, coriander, garlic, ginger pest, onion, McDonald, clove,
turmeric, black pepper, recipe, nutmeg, mace millet, hunger, protein, nutrients, nutrition,
vitamin, flavor, berry, carbs/carbohydrates, sandwich, burger, hotdog,
Environment & problem: climatic event/disaster/catastrophe (earthquake, tornado,
storm, typhon, cyclone, hurricane, draught, famine, flash flood), smog/air pollution that
reduces visibility, soil erosion/erode/distraction/degrade, dry, humidity, noise, oxygen,
recyclable/green energy (wind or water turbine, solar panel, hydroelectric), carbon dioxide
emission /discharge, nitrogen oxide, fossil fuels(coal, oil, nuclear, firewood), conditioner,
moist/damp /wet, radiation, rudder, landfill(rubbish/waste dumping ground), vulnerable,
greenhouse effect, acid rain, global warming, weather forecast, village, exhaust fumes/emit
gas/smoke, draught, dull, dusty, chilly, contaminated, jungle/ forest, dangerous
deforestation/desertification, frivolous/unnecessary,
Color: blue, sky-blue, white, orange, green, grey, black, red, yellow, purple, brown, pink
Nature: desert, island/peninsula, mountain stream, avalanche/snowslide, waterfall,
fountain, high, highest/peak/top/cliff, canal, river, seabeach/bay/shore/coast-line, pond,
oasis, lake, canyon, valley, ice glacier, iceberg, region, mud/clay, rock, pebble, volcano, oasis/
watering hole, tide/ocean current, neighborhood, temperature, tropical, shallow water,
windy, shady,
Amount: piece, liter, maximum, minimum, assume, assumption, debit, credit, commission,
dollar, pounds, euro, currency, symbol, millennium, million, billion, ample, deficit/shortage/
inadequate, diameter, limit, pair/couple, quarter, level, distance, metric system, Mass,
 IELTS Reading Section Rules
Total 40 marks in three passages (1st =13; 2nd = 13; 3rd =14 marks). So, total = 13 + 13 + 14 = 40 marks.

Read the title and subheading (don’t read the passage first). Then go to the questions and underline key
words. After that, try to understand which section you will do first (gap fill  short questions name
matching summary gap fill List of heading true/yes, false/no, NG; Two MCQMCQ) Locate the
key words in the passage and answer the questions.

Key words:
1. Locating Words [noun, number, words with apostrophe “X” and hyphen (ten-year)].
2. Answering Words [(adjective and verb for list of headings, MCQ, and true/false) (preposition article
for gap only)]

Time frames: decade = ten years. (E.g., 1960s = 1960 to 1969). Period = amount of time.
Century = 100 years (e.g., 21st century = 2000–2099), 15th century = 1400–1499
Early 15th century = 1400–1433, mid-15th century = 1434–1466, late 15th century = 1467–1499.

Gap Fill: Underline the key words. Most of the times, Ans is a noun, but adjectives and verbs can be the
answers too. Try to understand the meaning of the preposition, and you will find the answers more easily.

Short Questions: It is like gap fil, but there will be WH words. Ans will be in between 1-3 words.

Summary Gap Fill: Underline only the locating words, so there is no need to find the answering words
because answers will be given in a box. You will have to choose the correct answer by understanding the
passage and synonyms.

List of Heading/Paragraph Matching: Underline the locating and answering words. If there is the same
locating word in different paragraphs, try to use a second locating word or answering word to match the
paragraph to the question.

True/Yes, False/No, NG: Do not mix up True/False/NG with Yes/No/NG; write as the question asks. NG
is the trickiest question pattern in the reading section. Always try to answer at least two questions at a
time, because you will not find NG in the passage. If you can’t find question No1, don’t wait; jump to
question No2 and go back to question No1 after the completion of question No2.

Two MCQs: You will have to choose two correct answers out of five questions. Underline the words
(ideas, reasons, most important, cause, advantage, disadvantage) in question. Try to eliminate options
by reading the passage first. And then try to choose the correct answer.

MCQ: It’s the hardest question pattern in the reading test because locating Ans will seem easy, but
choosing the right option will be hard. So do it at the end. Underline locating and answering words from
the main questions.
ends with (a or ful) lly- beautiful=beautifully, dramatically, finally, equally
ends with (de, se, en) sion- confuse= confusion, conclude=conclusion, dimension.
ends with (ss,mit) ssion-success=succession, recess= recession, admit=admission.
Ant will become ance Ent will become ence
silent e: serveservant Er, re: deferdeference,deference
y: defydefiant, ct: expect expectant Referreferentreference
lt, t: consult consultant, Inheritance Id: Accident, incidentincidence,
or: expectorant, accidence
hard c: applicant, significant U: frequent, affluentaffluence
hard g: arrogant, elegant. soft c: decent innocent
soft g: indulgent, intelligent
note: there few exceptions – existent, currant, current. And silent e always becomes a.

Emphasis Addition Contrast Order

Undoubtedly Additionally Unlike First/firstly
Indeed, Obviously In additional Nevertheless Second/secondly
Particularly/ Furthermore On the other hand Third/thirdly
In particular Also, too Nonetheless Finally
Especially As well as that Despite/ in spite of At this time
Specifically Along with In contrast (to) Following
Clearly Beside in While, Whereas, However, Previously, Before
Importantly In addition Alternatively Subsequently/afterward
Absolutely, Definitely Moreover Conversely/on the other Respectively
Without a doubt Not only-- but also hand Above all
Never In addition to this Even so Last but not least
It should be noted Apart from this Differing from First and foremost,
Result Illustration Comparison Summary
As a result, Hence For example, Similarly, Similar to In conclusion, Altogether
As a consequence Namely Same as To summarize
of For instance Equally In short
Therefore, Thus Such as, Including Likewise To sum up
Consequently, In this case Likely/Unlikely In summary
For this reason Proof of this Just as, just like Briefly/ In brief
Due to To demonstrate In the same way To conclude
Reason Condition Concession/concern Generalization
Because of If Admittedly As a rule, In general
With this in mind In that case Up to the point For the most part
In fact In case Even so On the whole, Overall
In order to, Due to unless In spite of, even if In most cases.
 Writing words Task 1
relatively, appearance, occurred, accounted for, apparent, residential, double, addition,
numerous, several, passengers, surrounded, separating, unoccupied, combined,
transformed, Celsius, degrees, above, specially, specifically, Meanwhile, markedly,
ingredients, ultimately, variety, Subsequent, available, crucial, compare, encourage, route,
addition, participate.
From 1980-1990between 1980-1990, ten-year period, over the entire period,
By the end of the ten-year period, throughout the entire period, at the end of the given
timeline,
The Given/provided Pie chart/table/Bar chart/line graph/Map/technical drawings,
diagram, plan/design,
Showillustrate/display/exhibit,
changealteration
Peakhighest/topmost/uppermost/maximum, average middling, bottomlowest, lowermost,
information set of data,
per-capitaper-person/per-head,
consistently gradually/steadily/continues/continuously/continually,
Increased got bigger/got larger/grew/expand/rose/climbed/enlarged/expanded
Significantly substantially, considerably, greatly,
Decreased lessened/reduced/fall/drop/declined/shrunk (present-shrink),
Drawbackproblem/disadvantage
Dramaticallydrastically,
Fluctuateshift, vary, swing (past- swung)
Remained constantstable/same/unchanged
Respectively in the order given.
Proportion percentage/shar/ portion/fraction/ratio,
Refurbishment make over/renovation/restoration/refurbishment/redevelopment
Entirelytotally/completely/wholly,
Approximatelyalmost, roughly, about, around, just about, more or less,
respectively in the order given,

UKThe United Kingdom or Great Britain (made up of England, Scotland & Wales and
Northern Ireland)
pound (£), euro (€), millions (mm), billion (bn.) metric tonne [UK]/tons [USA](t)=1000kg,
hector(h). megawatt(mw), kilowatt (kw)
{(had been-in the past), (have been-changed in present), (will be-future plan) + removed
in favor of something},
{(something had been added-in the past), (have been-at present), (something will be
added-future plan), (there going to be a something-future plan) + at the expense of}
The line graph displays alterations for burglary, car theft, and robbery in the center of Manchester between
2003 and 2012.

Looking from an overall perspective, the most noticeable trend is that burglary fell dramatically over
the period. Car theft fluctuated until 2008, upon which it rose steadily, whereas the number of robberies
remained relatively stable between 2003 and 2012.

More specifically, burglary started at just below three and a half thousand in 2003, and apart from a small
rise of around five hundred offenses in 2004, it fell drastically to just over one thousand incidents in 2008.
2009 saw a slight rise to just below fifteen hundred, and it remained in and around this figure until the
end of the time period.

On the contrary, from 2003 to 2008, the number of car thefts shifted between just below two thousand five
hundred and just over two thousand, before rising steadily to nearly three thousand in 2013. Over the
entire period, robbery never rose above one thousand and did not go under five hundred.

In conclusion, it can be stated that the proportion of robberies stayed unchanged from 2003 to 2012, while
the figure of car theft went up and down and the proportion of burglaries fell over this 10-year period.
The map details changes that occurred in the town of Willington in the years 1780, 1860, and 2000.
Looking from an overall perspective, it is readily apparent that the village became more residential
and commercial, including new homes, access roads, a bridge, shops, and areas for recreation and sports at
the expense of natural forests and farms. Only the river remained unchanged.

More specifically, in 1780, there were only 100 homes in Willington, and a considerable region to the east
and south was occupied by farms and woods. The river ran from north to south alongside the town, a
feature that was unaltered by 2000. By 1860, some farms and forests had been removed in favor of a road
leading from the river to a residential area that had doubled in size (200 homes) in the northeast. There
was also the appearance of a bridge over the river.

In 2000, the number of homes rose to 500, and the farms and forests were entirely cleared. This enabled the
construction of two schools, three sports fields, and numerous shops lining the southern side of the river. The
final addition was a large lake at the south end of the river.
The diagram presents the manufacture of five different types of tea. Looking from an
overall perspective, it is readily apparent that although though all teas are made from the
same leaf, there are five distinct kinds of tea because of variations in the production
method.

More specifically/To be more precise, all five teas go through the same first three stages of
manufacturing. After the leaves are cultivated, they are harvested, and eventually they
wither. The final stage is also the same, which sees all the leaves dried in an oven.
However, in the stages in between, differing methods of production are used.

In terms of white tea, it is unique as it involves no other processing. In contrast, green,

oolong, and large-leaf black tea are all rolled as part of the process. Nonetheless, green tea
is steamed before being rolled but is not fermented; the other two teas are first rolled and
then both fermented (oolong only slightly, but large leaf black completely). Finally, small-
leaf black tea is neither steamed nor rolled but is crushed before being fully fermented.
In general thenfurtherfollowing step-too at this momentafter thatin the seven stage
the final part over all, it takes a considerably long for a product to super market.
The given pie graph illustrates the sources of income for the typical country’s soccer team.
The table details how old attendees at international football games are in three countries.
Looking from an overall perspective, the most noticeable trend is that the most revenue comes
from broadcasting rights and the least from sponsorships. At Argentinian matches, the
most common age group is 20-40, whereas in Ukraine, it’s evenly divided between the 40-
60 and 60+ age groups. In Ethiopia, however, it’s the group aged 60+ that attends the
most.

Broadcasting rights account for 52% of the earnings for international soccer teams,
followed by match-day revenue at 15%. Transfers, merchandise, and prize money each
make up between 12% and 8%, respectively, while sponsorship has the lowest figure of
5%.

In Argentina, the most common age group at the country’s football games is 20-40, with
35%, followed by 60+, 40-60 and under 20 at 30%, 25% and 10% in the order given.
The most common age groups in Ukraine are 60+ and 40-60, each representing 40%, while
the 20-40s have 15% and the youngest group has 5%. In Ethiopia, the majority were 60+
with 50%, the 40-60-year-olds have 30%, the 20-45s represent 15%, and the under-20s
have 5%.
 Writing task 2 (Essay)

Irrefutable, indispensable, Opine, state advocate, outwash, outstrip, exceed, edge over, Delve
into, burgeoning, congestion, scarcity, petty, pursue, on a war footing, sedentary,
detrimental, lingua franca, renovated, commute, commuter, inevitable, bullock cart, era,
tertiary, reiterate, petty crime, jet plan, juvenile, suburban, tram line, rehabilitation,
habilitate, console, alluring, consumerism, use-and-throw culture, delinquency,

Introduction:
Since the dawn of civilization, humankind has recognized the influence of genetics and
has applied its principles to the improvement of cultivated crops and poultry.
Since centuries libraries have been in the service of man.
It is irrefutable that English is essential for success,
The debate on whether they do or not,
Nature vs nurture debate has been raging for generations and no clear-cut answer has
come up so far.
This essay intends to look/delve into both perspectives,
Pros/advantages outweigh the cons/disadvantage,
Pros has an edge over cons,
I, however, agree/side with the former or later view.
A number of arguments surround my opinion.

Second paragraph:
1. On the positive side, the quest for material possessions is what keeps the society going.
2. To begin with, these MNCs should shoulder social responsibilities.
3. ln the very first place, going to a university provides the opportunity of face-to-face
interaction with the teachers.
4. The main argument which goes in favor of making career choice the most vital
decision is that when the young persons have an idea of the career path they want to
pursue, it can help them make the best decisions about their training and education.
5. It is easy to see why some people say that libraries should not have CDs and DVDs.
6. Undoubtedly, spending on education is very essential for the progress of any nation.
Educated people get higher paid jobs and add to the economy of the country. To add to it,
educated societies are crime free and peaceful societies.
7. What is more, handwriting proficiency inspires confidence.

Third paragraph:
1. Secondly, one learns in a more disciplined atmosphere.
2. Furthermore, the cultural programs are effective ways that help people relax and reduce
stress after work.
3. Moreover, computer machines or robots manage our banks and even the tickets at the
airport are issued by machine-robot.
4. However, governments' investment should not be confined within the boundary of health
care. Education, which concerns the long-term development of the whole nation,

Fourth paragraph:
1. On the downside, importing goods can have a negative effect on local culture.
2. The opponents of this view claim that economic progress leads to inequality between
the rich and the poor.
3. On the other hand, the most obvious disadvantage of a student exchange program is the
cultural shock that any student has to go through.
4. The solutions are not simple. We cannot discourage tourism.
5. By contrast, policemen normally have a good impression among youngsters and they can
become the active voice in reducing juvenile delinquency.
6. Admittedly, some false, misleading or incorrect information do exist, but the person
surfing the net have to learn how to look for the authentic websites.
7. The solutions are not easy, but joint efforts by the government and the people can help
to lessen the gravity of the situation.

Conclusion:
1. To sum up, it can be reiterated that responsible journalism means knowing its limits.
2. ln summary, it is clear to understand why social skills are given a lot of importance in
addition to qualifications.
3. To conclude, I reiterate my view by saying that while actually going an attending a
concert or drama is in itself a unique experience, the live w screen of today has an edge
over it all, because it has made arts accessible to all regardless of geographical, social or
economic boundaries.
4. To sum up, it can be said that students should learn all subjects at school level, as they
are not mature enough to know their real interests at school level and a broad knowledge
is also needed for their holistic development.