hd 3) cube Lda 9 8) 9S crusigs pod aguas piss Sulla Obl Sz gd Gaal oyisa Clad 9 quads guee tang Gel gSa jg al puad 5— Glpal cad cussigs oaSabils ALLS Gut). SIgAT CMS gesatipe oasis plead Shinai’ 9 pill dy glee Nga cas cpunstige ousatihd cid Craio olfitils pale Clan quae —ham ply eh Se a le La ihe = Hy eet sl lo ABLE tbs ya pote ale as le ples ST this! cyt jloblim 5 Say os fe sUSbIT> poe Ld cpl pd ppt 2S cli Ge Ube ge Mae y ee CSE tains plat y panne BOK les cyte jl pay AF Kad el ales NG alae ke pe ale a lian yo ead Soy spel ey Hla od sped 5 Ly bs alls age wala et ni pe ibe 8 cbt aS ce! Sake gh lal 85 eel wee ye TR pole UE sl peer ty SS) ye Plo ata 52 pele th pee le ry hit geal IS gpl lS alee OL goats abS AS al ol lei ee AB ge eae as UT SL atl ge pine lane pelle oS geil ool gee cd Sle PST Sly goles ple aw lee 52 Oy Fl eal oly got Oly! Faye gal tthe eed ib pbsl Sout ple oF ool dl GULL Sly Dee SIL Hy us pad lo ahs SAS ly ee US vpeate 83 gli be cleo y jl be dba ge 8 py ea ej slea poll ecm Yeh BS pemee OLad Boag gyarell etysatya ibid ob algte jlpal ja WPFe Jl yo plib spate 28> D> craps edly GL ty steph lam jay ganged 9 clad, SSN jl yay y Hd ylealIl yytS pile Jaraod aalsl cage WTAV fle = sight clS> 9 sfgllta ylang 358 SNS gartizge cptlond chorea lal Ay [spi 5p-8 alain yo flow 99 Cade aye Spile y3 ad gual cg 89 Spd y 6359 9 pill Spb yd Cilio tz loy Boyd ott Soy lope a Fd eal j) Bde cleats} dged Corelya gly 4 FA Jl 9 cal oop geltaglSy Bind WG od yeali ASOD (hadon’y ¢yup Ai oe Jytatie Cah Contre alS2i13 49 9g glabra (6,)S 2 )9 9 Liladgas pie |) gduate GY Ube J a nya, Als casyy> gtd Sia gat games 9 Fy wld (Soyo j) Cab Las scalp 59 yy laced jh cl ice #8 sslodged yp ply g SFL cdl Canghie vr sab sladya| alge oleXai AY 44 WwW ¥a mr ro ¥e rr te or oo O48 fe Slee adie pally shoo 22 Sang seeds pI id! feat theta AY 5 Fl SH 4 Saye Seeks ye 3: Stet pier de Se eviley slat: ; aylatlend Jota ty peta Sy Sole is Sasha: (yeah) Ol yl ob yd VF. tesgg ald ged 1 F \-) \-¥ 4.7 \ An \ ¥ hos sled plailipg Saad StlpSe Say 95 sloiesas veo Salt Soa ge 2 INE Soa Dee LST: ty-8 :¥-\ y-T Y.F YFyf Hobe y SFr ete x anise dlpe #) SAIS Soy 8 1 -F PY tole yi Saye TV Yt style PPA PA ioaninnnieanes woe gibygdae Syl t-A- | PAL cise Z ears sia lll oe. AT! vy anaes datsins rants conus giSaate® Gar iT A-F VY on sista gta gba TPA vy sons gist Sb yg pay ety 7-4-1 vo : Sule 74 Wi iscrianoiniorsccn amen ht Se SF Sapte py V4 AB cissssencas C6 eT D pel SI ager Salar ye FATA) Ad Has 633 Ce Seles pe OAT AAP AO in ell pe Bp iT ett faye 1-8-7 WY sareaen : co dal dS py Sl ptt gaye 272420 AA irae oa aR aaa es faye it Ne ay see prea Se Se la ee) See Sr ieapta teed 49 so Cale gaa Care lat Te V9 oP PP eaceeuent sis tidied Dynal ylS2¥_\) Veh nee nveectonenaisne, OTD Soy gt YT eF ~ stbse Sousa Y- 10 Vieni bert Ss Sty cle te be wv oss Se pl pt od ALT slang Coslie =) VV} ee Pipa Soy ge aly 52 Gu LS ele B Gung la . be 1 all AVY ce yee Saat oleae ae clas Gali 112 VAT Saye ple ae Vy conga by Lal SLT clea gb Caan TV Vev bln a SS uke lee yr Bog pele 39 ok US eS plas pi Cuaglite PY Ve onion agg gly 99 pe colaaY yi cu glia YAY ARS ae raisins ygttaeal Dp hag elas ath ¥. 927 SWRE ose roid on Ser OP SS5 Glass c¥- Ye 7 VW . pines Al Op SS5 Gls Y i oT) tA Sheet py BGG Gla i YF vw a0 oe Sag ply 9d Dee Coghlan he VA a neeacereiiiat hhc cbpsatl SUSU 5 Js caylee VF \V4 aoa (Shy) Mi- Cu SUT ely Fly CS cet ac oa commen (gd sang) NixMo SLT. F AAG cates esate * sone (cf ySe)) Ni-Cr-Fe SUT) Pt Wha Feast ply 20 OT lofi y oe coals PLO We (Cu- Za) ap ¥-)-6-) yy (Cu-P L.Ca-Sn) 5 ind ppc 1 0-7 Fy tae -: (Cu- AL) papteedll fyi 1-0-1 VYY ere 8% vile 39 OF SLUT 5 pret gl cyl TY vr - Ugatt yh Yo eee as Then Gaya jeer Tet ATW ssiescsicsinnertaiens eet state ilies Getty PTY VTA Rinses Ssaonsnngnnr Altay 8 velgabadigs oP vA ei iterate (Sd Elta thoy ¥ NEG or los a nd diosethdoeutener WAY. Pall ha) ofa jlaslical b Gta yc PRL wy (als) oS clas day PYF AY Geisae spl 39 Sapa gh TPs yr BM bg TT rr etl by TAPESOb jebilie 5 Sa eye ‘« snine wr coon glleendhy pS yay U gebiew vr apd etl glee o WYP sis Saale Blythe Toe vo SoS yy! slgad yy F-T-0 \o Bi ele ¥-0-1 APA seas on ghee Slee TOL yng GAS y edt paleo yo wo bicadd 55 ye pe pea ede slp yy 1-0-7 hee a KIS gh setts Sys y HY olégbe sly 1-0-7 Whcntomncsince ere Miniene sha aes Gals oli DP S.cssie one sow gilaet bye Arye GIS claim FTL vt (SANS cli pian gol be Caper ab ayy slay SUT FT VEY ccscscisnmmnmnmennin poh by foil y Ob pe uceng le dads PPT ey ene desks s Sajlalsy yt V¥O 2 Dh DAS go Sejlsl vf 0 ste coet5 angle Sajid PPP Vor a west oy ab PPV 1O\ ss sdioE NC old glad iT yy ay Sal clam TA yor... gal able 74 yor i oninsd an MieRSSsAan + heen GlardaSewiler tf AP soe ~ ggilnw Blan dsScmniler iT. F | NOB sass Al clanteScuslas YF \PN ee nt clei dly Soa pail ipulee eal \FO Shyer gee 23 Glgathee \Po A PAP ss antceai VPA. hes ecayle F conn gla Aygetl gy oa oT bb hyp te olBad4 Sellen a yg aoe Gigs M8 Scoot sic a peg eee ee eens Sper Gaile MSs FF Wt PA Pisce VAY Get Ute ole Fv ar es Face ee eer eee Gli SF VAP lnecroicomanieuuacctnete blo jlo saline Mat .. (re Bae STP Vad 5 e sername gil sli er otalasT Ft SAB sce scstiassncutinsai aifaly fst vuas a fF) \Aa.. dab Sy TP yay pigs Sua Fe var. place 9 oligos spony Jaa & was Slee 92 et sg igh BSE Soy ye 69% Ab) vay. sevonimonrnnines Sy (lSencal YP uc. bE PmebnpPVE Soe beans sh Sep dept sr S542 (Y) SoS danny 9 93 Slang Sob yy 9 oil |p Ltd Con Ojloee ooh ory 3h (F) PAL readecamitae pene cimilinlinn aig ge Sip FF... jlald sop cS pte (iia eau ss YO) hal set eet oy AST st Bo. (0) Yor... gl pb goad Silla 2 Shee 9B yeeilar IS UP) VET oo rnb 2 Shae 9 pale pate HV) VAY cad ease 5 abil ape pukign dake Jap can alge pilSe gy 9 (A) PAR rcencoarsesi ‘ scniicnamncsnane alapling oY gh cas po as 8 ST ages Ao yo tins‘dosha ASL gp yalb [Sb AS olimsl pyar Gale Sees Sha pe oA yee SI ee Soa je tals 5 5] Sols als go ln ge 03 SOS 8 oe glass! wteth Saye tnt tiles jo eel bs PEP DB LT ps BU sles y al sles cee go Layer ly Sos (Low Temperature Corrosion) t pal sles p53) 9+ uals 53 (Dry) Rae bs (Wet) VW sha S20 2 8 Olt be gh) Volos Seay ples ll GleEsy lk GIAYL (elas yo dual ps YL sles d yeeuldSl |) of aS (High Temperature Corrosion) hee ps eal ge al gla polenty pS Seale GI Gb aah pd cay pe Te o' ULE SLE Clpleee 59 jb cdl Gist ale slp jo af gal shes sue UL pele jo gel labs yo 29 Sie feat aye ASI Ly dll pe SL pe Uy pea wall pa JS ty AF ten go SET TY pate tose 6 jlbbly Ay Dab 09 9 9 edebh gt aye (TU olan) laa cr pe aula jl ey poy SLs S515 IB poy y Sy Bmergy Concept 53 ph feel sf alin OL sie |y Say a0 Sop hel gp Se ygles ja ASL y Ld ei ph USUAL L Fe iP asks he 2Ppo+C = —— _2Pb+ CO, Fe,0,+3CO + 2Fe +3C0, 2AL,0, + 3C 4A] +300,SI Bla 9 6b ye pinckiges yt hy uaF get G Solid sist ep yd olen ga tle Ge GV sis Pow pon usre conten hry Oxidation Reduction 2c Melting PbO —190 + 160 Fe,04 — 740 4365 AIO, — 1580 +1380 tM Stine) etl ay ga eal ULL ay lel ye 5 age ej a Ia Spill y aS Caper all 5h alee GLEE Letts Fey pclae tal y (au ats hs Soap 53 pyS es Se Obert le So} lee ota 4 ofa ects del, Jessi jh gf Sam Lag y penal cdastl 5 pe tg ety Kor Gly Seals 2 AS os cobesbes gt abel gota SLT y Lash pk de ca aes Si ls Se LH leet coy Sea Olt le Gl piles bl 2 gS SIF Ly N GH Jolew pile eke onde JB SE com Ly Soy ge yp dsb ope le (Ray 1b a NlS ps ib Soi 9 5s Ly lets elec tuljil lew pans als pd aig! 65 fl a9 pat Ly eal le Slat oy eaeil GU abate gy Seg See Maly fad ny Dig pnd pF yy ge Fcilee 59 (Segregation | Banding) ules url, 85 9 il gon Saal ears SY gh 05 Kaj ey ales ASL, 08 wale pend |) es pal JR al ee S59 9% WS paley) Le by Ure sll yo lath be pelea Sea eS tal gs pe Sobeetd yal oa S egy Calg yal gy Lope span Gale IS 5) el wo sT pals |) erties Sila 59 a Sone 9 YALA deale ce 4p acids ally Glad yo dy 9 VL shea 9 tae bay ye AB alba Sle seal piled aon gol jy ale GS Se eee tay AS ga pd Sls slp oa Sp LEST yale pact Lely ALT OLS 353! SJ ade ST cll y 2S oleh yo or SV dy Ses Lab STV hlsir Le teed hay sy Se Caryl Ep ally ales Bye cle cenattge calpslaceles yo Clb 6 SIS ot 128 Sige gos 53 WT prt gk 09 LiF tb S542 le 2h yf (6 yh HS jo le yt g gaan | JSD Soe Jelge Sis boo Soy 90 gle Blin ayes cls Sad Loot hed OLS whale or yahate |) Slab par 29 Aa LyRataS Ly glee cable Ly Soy pe allel Ul gpa leet lagone peta O gy 0S tates Shed paid eye Dale Coed jl Gay Wh she ya te y gal sles CT pane A PE tl ga ohm ty Dems 5 JS SE jh slay pS i159 5) J glo pH Wy cogent y eyo SVG Ltlem pli ya Say ge I cab te oe ps LOU TS UT pe tb JET al ey pail ate pt i ole y aie ey dn gry So pt Stk gle Od 5 Papal be Sy we slay SLi Soo y gl pe cope 9 cle 54)OLB jobs 1 oe \F WS syle agly SL Le hy oo jhe oY We isle jo Gey gal gles jo ee Sa) > Sy Sly pe cg cel IF aly a palin LS Dal pie ae SL Las alt 25M AOL oe glad 4S, (pains Manga) 2 2S gris? aa age slp Ly whee Yo 0 Spt tle AS hal pe pL SIS ih ype dy po bb Spend Gap h ny Spade yLB ca Les sla ge cpl ay lke shy Net 439 Soo ily pan Lda al S95 ala ty by SVS 9 pedo IE caper calomel siggy gl 6 IST ial wailpt Baa by Se JSS Ose asp tal iy gleee 93 prnsenll lee yy oul eS pcteeall Oa pei las 52 Sis pcan ay pil jP aaldiel bog wage Ce Oy pe aa S15 dele ofa dds oybbl jo Soy ge abe MES ype elell gh glee 4) Ugg cade ebaie oul yo al sl ys aol Ltr y gle ay QI > bal pot lS onl pd ea ge HS ops cS ELST plea! jl jh p+ (Uniform Corrsion) a! ays) 95 Sj Dee oly alas ca pany alana MeL 09 yg ON AS Cy pee Ay plement AIH apt balyeh ob slits S208 Hy AS cad gasp sla, Sy yh pl ol jh © i(Crevice Corrosion) is jL+ S25 +-¥ ee 4 (Differential Aeration) , salé 0 pewlp Dy Os y aye gt eb 52 Gad bl dt pl Ly ay yen yea Upens aie ff gina F985) ph Ol Tiss lhe col p Ate pe ccishite calgutsr be gd dog by 93 aS glej (Galvanic Corrosion) 5.1 ME 8 *-T poe aT Ke AaBL acl DLs hod yt lems jo Ciybdce gp ny Se lpr ky EP cal iL ale Male Bly y led ge fae IS al pe es oe yay S eye ery age fe LT a Spy ny Sal gp Ula oh gS sla gl 85 oe sy oalsdl SU OLS By ¢ pte gl SLA SLT 52 yo pert 4 (Exfoliation) by VSL 2B gett EB y Teture eK F vjy tilde Me Spal ager Gabel yey 4 bo Soa % jl EP otlaa cl an Slaglil asd (Dezineification) ,ola5 s3)-0 10S ge Ky 5a gb 3B pals wale ge Ble qlee yy pt ee ess Sul plows ayly cgay Syghy oaks Cues gf Oy 2S gyal cel Gee aches :(Graphitization) Gidanil S$. % lege Gal cle ayy 2 EL Sl 29 Sy ylve is Haoes yale (clpSeals Gus yo yo es Ly (Pitting Corrosion) «ste yim S30 (Aulocalalytic) 152 ye lea pir at fone Cilla aif gee pln gle pl oth p43 Sead) al Ls alge wel gt adiged B yl tgU 5a Oy a (Hydrogen Degradation) , 4) j.6 uy 5A el AS Aah AG 959 fad 2 0S olan ly daa ae sab cor], RIK 90 Si Glebe ot May SFE casiigs § Sale gts Cos (Stress Corrosion) a5 Soy — 4 WSF tg pL pe jl atl eelige bel ah ph sles 98 9 Sualiza eb IT dal ye esladtla gor HHL y lawla jlo a lb le foe ote 85) tule :(Corrosion Fatigue) Sr.5 65.5 Ve age Leal pe alice y AS a gs jf ea sly eslptss aS coli ay gh Coby bj ce ee Hy a el che See al (Cavitation) 0 yawle S11 22H 33 Be ayy Ss be jl Ulla slew Lol (Vapour Pressure) ley 125 Uy Eta Sa ae pp Saale ty ya etal ly tea LoL ol) cl SN YL la Las Pe ey ct jl abe daly tale ps ot baled yar 29S plo 0 ys dao soba et ghey phe Uemeasl ft ag Gilani ped byes 0g sae Nel PAIK isle Uy nilaylS Jalaa 3h (Erosion) ule \¥ ino yt aT et mally d Ly Salen ber ye wy Lhe jo ogre Glee ha eptlin Soy y Hebd 9 21S Ls je ee Sp 02,5 gt ys |) (Erosion - Corrosion) SN t plese wladtie 4 Sle (Biological Corrosion) Sus) Saye 1 aah iT al Ly ceed ye be Cole yo asl ge Uh 2S La flies Oe UpapalSa Spo be y atpal olewh bya cd SSE ly Sn sly Sl badly Jab Feel Mtl gt Ald Ly LS 5 Gl gl abel Slee ge (4 ale eshtl eye fread so 45) KS So pt talen So 0 olga d Soo VT woth ual Gd lat jl Ed tee Sy ys Slee as Nga j mld aS ia pe ge Gah pligd yguaie isa yew(References) aol lo 1 - Corrosion Engineering, McG. Fontana, 1987. 2.- ‘The Science and Engineering of Materials, D.R. Askeland 1990. 3 ~ Grviroumentally Assisted Fracture of Wire Ropes for Offshore Application, Ph.D- Thesis, M. Farrm 1990. 4~ ASM, Metals Handbaouk: Cornasion, Voll3, 1992: 3 + Corrosion Allas, B.D.D. During, Val, 1,2, 1991, 6 - Corrosiun & Corrosion Protection Handbook, PP. Schweitzer. 7 Cortusion Monitoring in Ladustrial Plants using Non-Destructive ‘Testing & Electrochemical Method, Moran / Labine, 1586. ied dad LE ery fad 2 of parle tAJo! fas Crtsly Glos 4 583) 95 east 9 isl\ pod Crile sles 73 $3 p95 pasah 9 isi) Low Temperature Corrosion Electro-Chemistry corte gill gp et py ga WATE ST fy Scapa ets alenhy SN Sealed rigs Vana | Se i pee HS 525 (9S ds) pAb G pee Tyo eed oh LS ts UI g asl bal, 9 Cady Sth seek rae 0p SAS og ple 5 SY Sal g wT py 0 pe oo plea 2 gal sly y Lal) Oy 2S 138 gt Wy Dalya Sm ay tao Cay BSN y pase |y Uyiy SI i ny dash pa atlaagel y plslh ys il at JeuCe Sasbps Soy we 55 Bayle 9 4 AyeeelinslS prey La So 95 gl sl plas Vy Ah bd lS y ST slp sly as] (Anode): M M™ + ne asis (Cathode): HO + + O, + 2e 20H- Ay AAS Ca yg 02S ely SI pe aly M™ ys pal cot aif Oy St ut > LO, ha pds ype clel fee Udy ge ipa dy Uy SN US ys aT pes ES > AST 98 daly ta St pee bys aS apd eth oye phy obel s pebe bgt cpbanee 399 ad Fb 49 aT lle aly ST gles pet alg id ge Sail y sls ted kal ye fale yal Le Sly yeh fod AS Ly babe ual gale y git Fe +2H,0 +0, ——« 2Fe(OH), 4 jlukb 2Fe(OH), + HO +0, ——~ 2Fe(OH), 4 ub sage ply Sop AF tah 3 ey EST OL ps ST) Ss I Zn + 2HC] ——+ ZnCl, + H, toe plasty Sl Gee ed pA ype HO, jl eabeel b abel AST cal oe Zn+2H* — Zn’* + Hy He pet dee yd Cl OLS ja Vy ste tal ales icy tly ode Sli) AES jet Ly eg Sao 4 Se al oy IS y3 elo ee pee bly wT 59 69) Uptlds'| salad, go Bases tj Oj jl amet ey gee HEM lt alpen fy ad pe AF sala ge Sy Fe Wy py of bk ly ant OLS 202 She lem WoT gs clay Fe+HS ——+ FeS+H, cael eh OLDE y eee pT bea 53 CH,COOH by (S45 tel) HCOOH aalen ST slate! a, piles clad sbS 0.AA} cob she ye Sat pets Sl ES Se ee Sigg jl yas es clade Ls agli pe 45 02 ye yt Conner p29 (Sl Al) AS s9 pgp Ug Hal ge Blast Sly calatien of ye aS ah Ll WE M ——+ M" +26 Sia St ond (by ad gly 4 SSIS slpes ly Lil Spel Slgleoee— Call 2H* +2e —+ H, dfs ta ud O,+ 4H? +de ——. 2H0 aS sins ilil hug slug 5 tt 3 eik cleo O, + 2H,0 +4e —_+ 40H” 4Sly La ug rtlleb oy Sysbee MY +e ——— M7 Ny ade tals neabplh pay M™ +ne 4M s28o oti bi pdt ge 25 ESI Gls Ue sly CuSO, + Zn ——. ZnSO, + Cu Cot + zn an + Ca tes pli claaladnns y lady) po tabi Sy y pats a Olrsle sid pI) 59 9 liza] UL 2M co yld clyalle al So colada ay cslaled jl dle ne pte da Spa sled Ganley HLL Dj S| fae pladl cage J ayrps polio ty der gly ails y eset slyly tpt y bas jl ya glans yp colalé y tWy sue opal eye pole pyar acy y NE ghennty SN eslgeteSy py 9 ep Bae leSy oil yolyt y ahiole OL,S5 Be Sop dd ps li lee by Se lil ee y CAS om UNIS ge (ailSns)Olslh A clin 9 Fase plies vy vena et UF peta apt Satt y Sealya ye gt Il 32 by etek ol ol ps as dom yt L aS (Electrode Kinitics) 5 250) Sra Sle ay tow aly pal cole y aephle YS Sp 2 by OF Gly Ig Se Ses Serbo g "aka Aob.a) OF Cy ya jf glace y Casal 3pm yo Mala gw Cota Weal eslataly y LGASL Ey UpT jolyt s dhele OLS 5 Ey Laut Jay pele (Diffusion) 5 i ota Shae pe cae par y ltd las p36 Yewllth s pote cle Scare) 385 3 Seals ya 7 bls) j9 oLt8 gland Lat (Thermodynamics) Sisluss ge 314 BC ait Gl ATLL 6 3T Sal p lpan ASOT Ka Sd py al poo Oy pr Ly Ay Sanat dana ye DLC -Gibb's Free Energy —Salsf .¢5 pI jleslinat iy 64 sl mole AY JS AE) a pet eaten Yi Cape Us ptt c oN ; Sf fu5 Endo thennic Ae Jimole} Whe S é Exo themnic AS aay OMS y Gog pang Cage der Coneatd G Cal pag Jak Lay (AB pee) satiate Ile Sy ia 5 go pagal dad 99 Ay ghey SI SES Lyv chy oles 2 S396 ety Sl Hee eee ol 39 |) bd colle Ole AS(AC a) ne SLE 1 wy Mg+H,0 +20, ——+ Mg(OH), AG = ~ 596 0 1 ki cu+Ho+ +o, —. cwon, AG = ~ 1195 3 3 kT Au+3H,0 +20, An(OH), AG = +656 smell OF Gage Sha Sls cal Am ply apt Alen ete AG ab a Selo ye lsd 3d AG = AH — TAS coded lps 65-5) 9 leet Le Jol AG LS abiT sh od a AS ae oLes1, entropy) AS — ga lle lpatta sey ajlal Ty LeaeGEEmthalpy) A —— NS eh pe Ly pA ty fas y ad pry ols Hy cSt olan Tal poly aur y Goat pr Sage bbe s pate Sy Eyl Mpc yee; Ashen Sa alge tl ah lis ya yy y les eelsil Lantls Rey webs AAS Sly AG Gb Sys pb gual pat Stee Shp isha Bll Util 69) 9 Cae pan gp jb SES y polis Cale y fade asl 12) 2 GBVHSO, jl peaTHSO, belb Sy slyr deal Dayle ys Silo [y BT Appelt) 09 148 Ab YS Sosy ss S alle poll CBE Lot LBB Ts clyde Saye OM Sy CL omen te Gt thyme San pe feaileg 9 gle PH lait al al cet ol ashi gall ppt ol oy al steal, talgil poke Ae Sy pom ts pao elgl pe bar Lae AS ple dees a alee IAIAG Spl 99 Slpeit y te pa eGR Ip Klee yoo bled 4) aaa ge DLS (Activity) Callad p3 Jo WL) ails al cdl, Roult's activity; a :cbyy culled. Lal] Henrian activity; bh ii¢ ple Galas ly Cel aes nae 7 wala yo Vapour Pressure joy jLth yg sla gle lS ole Se 438 5 go yd h 9 lathe Le yo jay gL a J glee 59 pare shy LAF ames bAB i) ci lim 9 Fs ge gaetige r sain pee gly dees 93 ala planet Sy ply 6A a [asked 7 1 ob rae ayhiileal 93 glia LSS a= | tLe yay ASI) 92 phpate SI BI erat g Cul Lt y Led yo Gold phSly ely ical gal + Equilibrium pala 6 P, AG, = AG?+RT In # aT pole sles ja cael ab aay sT gel soi pace sly aylutaal lle lp AG AS ASH 52 45.998 pe debe AG, ltd Gale Olle Sly R ole cla 0b ‘ws aA + bBo cC + aD th cual lp K at dole cult ~ FePo Pe. BS tad nl gS ad yj Mah fl GEST) 93 i te Ej le PS. Pa AG = AG? + RTIn—S—B PA: Py t39 Seslizel a; y+ jlPartial Pressure :P (3 Ls gle as 44 15 5 (cy*.4D}4 ~ tay dBy tat cy. {Dy} AG = ao? + arn SOR tP (Ay. (BY A pate Sly Ang 29 AG, = AG? + RT In {i} Vcd Lad Ge if clei ja Ue if ce Sits y pty C59 pe cage ya = Ci) 2935 gt eo lien! 4a li] y= zl+te ek chess Foe pets Sl re ree ern theta cdl lade ja De Op YAS cl Vy ey clad Leaf] a LS tale Stiga Ly Sa pine oye sla jlail 98 ny od AS GlecadlS Gy) 9 8 ib GI ae Blalye 5) galdad ely coal (a = )) Ss ob esljlo El-tl U glows AG =AG?+RTEn, tna Dlg gt ples 52 slby slaia y 58 oa gléu gla sly (Jala othe ai Sos a baal eke, clas L, Partial molar Free Energy -;Yys lj gj 3l 3 yl aod gs icuel Chemical Potential i let ac _ sizh Jide OS dn Wp il Sakae ail ESL 29 ally Gly sls 3 Gli OG poles sols ak IG a pd pte Sly 2 Cu coli ge elle IG Mee Gey anally Dhae by casel 199 Bigs Ole pte ph Uy hl ya FL ee tlgibalole fits ames ja adh, lsd AG = - ZFE aly de 9Z My 1 SI EG 281) G5 PILE pb Sly Se Juste dal, LNermest) cay pr Spt pd AG LF abel) sa ag cyl U3 pad op habe «cee! 96500 ‘lad 3 bale ~E--8 +E ina Force Serries 2E.M.E. Jylte 3) Vena 4S col alu tLe gl laa! jUB, Fy pdt Syste oy ASI) yd pole Gy wlLuS! Last OT ya «Motive Electro atl gt Cad dy Spek ge Olan cele jo i ad Bg djl eokicuel Wy Jal y UT fs aa go Joly SIGS ON Tayyl coe ay dolar AE = Eye Eup dlb be ob al uly 7 AE = E, - B.) - BE np 24 ZF” alsANB 5) elim yo Foy oe cing n LE ple Cote yd Se 59 Os oy tale Giles uslit SUB ja Syl cog pil es ya ay oe PH SU lg pe all aS La) p= ae, -2ln aah ° a is = pH OVE by bb whic ole nty ASN Selon cag lal ay Cea bd pe Binzebed GAE pemnh Lb melee eager OF 3 IS pt shiney yl il ge 00S gt Allie cel (HLS) 35 OVI Jad jl role (GT Ls) seed LS ep ty SUNG gb lel yeh jl il ene saline Slte ich AG, = - ZFE = al 2Ag+ Cl, ——+ Agel Dyeul4S1 E (oxidation) = — 0.202 v 2Ag + 2C- —_ 2AgCl + 2e slo! E (reduction) = + 1,359 Cl, + 2e 2c" EB, = + 1137¥ AG =~ 2106500) (1.137) AG =- 219.4 yg 2a oa abl chp! naa, 22% yg S08 aa, Daa omy 2 Co + Ni** =— = co* + Ni AE, = E“-E™ AE, = — 0.282 — (- 0.236) AE, = ~ 0.046 [AB,| = - 0.046 = AB, jibe cylis (Ly) poke Gla Sly Co =01M Niet =1M AB = 0.046 - O68? tog Ot AE = 0.076 V+ oak she 3s Fat at (Kinitics) Sica \.¥ B99 pS ct 33 Ny yg g perl lesley ay ey OS i pi pa aS Settee St NB tay Ce alle eee (Blectrode Kinitics) 2 51) Sees. Lill (Macro - Kinitics) Sy Sl. gow oy 5+ fd cand 59 4S(Chemical Thermodynamics) ,gleyt Salsa ya 3 lil Vaid ithe glipl agli oy SU Sete ale oy IT pa Kas dS LS ey AS Karly 7 pel bbl + (Corrosion Products) bys 645 9 (95 oad) 297M Karen I bl glare slp Col Lt Oly (Equilibrium) Jala slylle Gabe po OS 5 251 99 AS Ss pole by Ge. (In-equilibrium) » 5,3 y 591) Les AML Soy See pe ily th SSIS y lee SS) caaglie ele ts ease till Atop N Ale Sy 0 3g SY asst gS) Syd yo 9 sl alee ont lle 5) AIM ay 50 jb OM SB jl bgiy 8 Ob pe as fF fase ga pM 83 yO1M Ct pes tals Mg Ud BS tae ho poles ley LT dal tg oS 3 Ba 2 SF yy SL ole Uy lee ly a gy pt ole ates & (ps? ead) teak Sous Saye 1p apes Ly bbs! tia 8, oo LT OT 53 MS coy 9 CACO, lan shy SoA gee AY RSs fle cl hin ee HAIL, 89 yh Ld aged cstuls FeS (90, 5,e+ J SAPS 13 9b S39 2 (HLS) Gh 5 jor slen ya yl cul oT gpl oP el sbaayey jab Gas See j/ CACO, ay Oy Cal yd git y Jol fae oo gh ay a AIS a pe ay PeS a pt abd cle pio S55 yo stables Loe ga ame CHS) 3p hr ell pr cashes ga y Vigan thse eat thal slytly 9 tiles ye BUS Ly als) Cileoe ya ald yt 9 LS g pp STAT 12 a pray AS) gl yew us lade athe aly Lb Gal Wa dala go seal Of ys kin lps (Stoichiomeny) (6 ,cay8 gol OL; SAE 2am 28 Ly Cl yaatl creek ty jah opin yy SF Sg 59 Leal 9 DH Cl paid ol 4S CFS, SNS dalead caadl fy tam AT Slaw alel slp tes cll IS ib blob,Ob Mobley Sot ey YA cpt fale tl Ste ale Gl pi Oyy2 a UT Shy lee 5 ajy rae BAB AT y SAT futley oj olam dy OT fine b byw clpnalttl ayes dle ALS ay helen yo pe Dado WF slo stile pa ithe Oya IS shel SSF eee alae tell Saye OH aay Ate alot hSly ya bys aS dae pA ALS Soe ky ayy ay Oyen bb esas ye Rae lye tb Syed dial se S51, Gh KIS Gale yp Usa ob ine ccApp sa els Sip See Sa ey tt Se to Un Aes ead) asl ot ald jo Ly Up eit Slee pe salear ay ogi 1 La ALT 5 ted 09 ysl gles Sb operat bs AS Rae Tis ydem dS ge sls ge J AS OS te Syd ky tee ltt fale by pH 2 Sit 109 |) dala pb pone Sat Oph et dob Shon Bs hoy i145 4 Solan AT pleat ay Lag SU op 028 go (ful PH) Srabio yas bale pal as tle yd asl ye L bell oe ce AG = AH - TAS aS iyae fob ea ys Ca 5 als 9b ly actly aS JSF ay Soo Sp hw AAS AS hy GL oy p05 BT reed 39 LL ge ATT Sl ce pg Led ell wale dabei ce Spm SIL (yt aeel pe OV SIG a) (Re) py ate LS the tbat ly ttl Vt eapal ald cate ley pall sleazy ales ole ody gh gh cal oy sl pls by pa byes Obed Slee pe y cal seal Sets Sle abel Yb obliges polye y Jd edla nt Hy (K) Lptisly Cult ul gy bs amen DPD pty As pei il per Oberle 42 Kjd (Gy jh) KHL Se SO os oy Leash ay Erte Les, go Ay a SMe SF yhas Gly Juss cyl > Gols cued Ghee ete ype lh gt Sole Slate 23 Fd Sle SU cine a Gale Srjd ole! ae ty Laan cal 3d pS gS Cid Lee dat aS Gas NIE gu ylh 89 pe oe po 69) oda Sgt pte y abel MBL ty blab 9 ge cokers shee il piuee (Oy ye Soe Aes goYA ook Sha 2 S18 ets 5 cotheaaalg iI fap ay inaallly ofall Yt Bothell ah PSP gle ty AALS y AGT fey wid 9 ously SHEL cra AE a pet ge ad Fo lil VE Canglite bog pacdy headin Ly fae ya Sd iaa Sie 1998 gp alten yj IRA A aoe pe ty ASN Sy es Sly He gy “ve C) Reference Electrode Qe ig pH) oN ba Sg Gg pao had sch AS apt po atly | alos oLS,7 5) (Reference Electrode) ba 3S came yo yHe, Hg CL/Cl” [YL ay St) aS sy LyT yo slid pee lel oy pt pene Se al S doe yoy Dp lS) ay Stl GLa | CCUSO, ns Old) pn ajlial (Standard Hydrogen Hlectrode) 43) ,1 a ojllol oy Ha, cs ULL Wy ress cpl abt analy vale Ol tal dale ty ed 50 yt oa go pte aS LoS apt bed yes jfosliul b bale pb bai laos dys (EB) sasha chlo Vane aS c99 Sana lie Bap Ab SHAN oe ay Sl y panty jl esa Lp tae oy ps i a yo Tt olin pats lac yl pe Lilo alle at See Set pty alt ad Sul AB y he dale SOS y Ue ne 28 pm Hal jb ab Oboe 5 hee LB, 9 fuse! Laie oT Lav dle lb es Sa lad y Cagle SN gi le 53 Oyen gg AS Gh Wh Sea ee ged del ear Ole AT lye gl aye daly Lb pH y by cle BS alge padded Olay tT ly y wa yet cat foolsON he bie 4 Saye te ts (E, ) oli Jausity 121.1 (Standard Hydrogen i155 da 2 luteal ay 25) ay cred Ly Oyen aben Sd 4p CaNGAD ee Standard emf pli ay Jytor y9 y Cee! aie ak ajl31 25°C j9 aS Blectrode; SHE Aa gt tS os 3 Serties of Metals (Soja IS AAI L2M syle Bb yo aSPt pate 5 Soy SI 5) gals JSS LESH, dec yi aS el oh ace Le 09 Sh go a FB go ay ed hts YASH Fol am ele Ly heels eg ay Oba pa Lea ace ( fle ye 4 BY fos an oe ad fe Se pS ige jh SLE y su lajl oy hb pes ine We + FF con iF bilan Heed bea 12M Hel => He is og pao jhe) oltinas 98 Jah SPER dy Conca Cal pd a ylacaleaad Jeet iy p|adbe 1) ga. ae Hy} 2H* Phy / Pb? Fe (Be error Zn f Za Alaa Lisl ee Base Metals SS\y cai Moble Metals"4 cnt sha 29 ye pecty Sl ee ee eee a pee pte bah 0d yy te Opel) Glad) AGL Foote le dea Ppa AS ahaaew iT 9 Guend GLEE gs |) SEL te (ple) 05 yea Ay ane AS gli eden Sais ly by Sle te |) ee als pared Oye Dh poe jteabitel Ldntle oy (Scud p ttlan ilebee cl yb 9B fae ST Ole yy nod yy KalS a9 F fate SS ay Gli yogi Kal VE fe 9 S15 Scaggs plead OT iss ye thee slats lS Ol ge ay yale Bb SMS y Las 4g by SOT So tal et fae tl Ath (6 9 ite B calyfo ast aly 5) aaust Yyol AAV SAS slp ya pee gM Ste tiled Joe Upene nb gsr ew fo CI Say ghene 52 oul Cl cil oe Colin al 8 OT 9 WulSaS tna, go | S45 ALLO, aacst ont I este Si fut aula ly 0.76 VY sly pletley pte po aS Zn tis 8 fate Susy Zn y Fe 6 222 Ut Nope fae BT coal oy yey OF VL yy lly fase gy cs ak py eal yy ye hal eolptasly bab OF sy yy SIT UL pay cal acl tala Fe 535 Zn 3h ie SU pte gp teh aabdcee| Cilpld bili Cage odguly cpl if Gp fost) (oil NIE N95) es oO ad yt Ld aT o yet ay (SUIS Cable UT 4) 4S ub go costa a Al a ss Glaye sya$e shal \ = Ui lie 08 pa oS p> (gs il) tS ay (ta led) gil Ay | Jase cl gy Sh pA lea ash Sala aly slay Conglia be al Mea TA al ep Tle Jet, Gales plipys ab AR OT cali JE os fh J ile Sd6e gb Tobe B = IR pal Waly wale ST yoy SI lg Stas pn lego til 5 OT Ob slate 99 Fates oh gg Ly Spat il al caybica sale 7 yo TE aed Sy) 55bs wal 9.8) SG pas 3b 1B og 2292 (Tafel Slope) ile jf aalizt Sloe jl Eltl glyloee ce yl gb 59 yall yor a Cu lan 6 lb oS pul poi jf 2 pags pled gals Cenk ty thal y DyaeldaS | ae OT pa pay canal ach S15 Cuz Cas Co? + 2¢ bac dnl HHL y SAI sage esl Ulye yu dala,| 3b fide ey ah andy cop Sea HN ESL OT ayy pee 92 a ly dla cote jl eal Cu —. Cu** + 2cjb obi a Sat ete vy pat aie silat sla aT 5) ge ay Cu GT pu 48 yoke F eat SEY pty aes qi deus gl 69,13 (Anodic Overpotential) GAIT aljbe ussley yekig ya cela bail 52 GT Jeale Chee) SaeT Jet = syliste! Jocks + awl abl Joke B=E, +8, (i sslttal Cle 49 OT eniley pee BY elton aber Ob ye Codi, 5) lle Culp! Bane jo ak QUIglE, (Sbalb abet) Ob eT de Oly site asf sap ge sls andi hd pL Sho GPE si bat, Len tals tal : = x mL ieee Goal calle ja yf alah ¥ Joarr wah sha os Fae eaty SS ees en SVE, UL labns Lesley 52 y WT pat aly gh ile 0 pipe aS Isler caged ya y Cle jo so Ok RB, sail stl fate a gT oh Ula pd oe holed be ly le () dye eal (Tafel Slope) Ji ced Ly plat alerly gel et ilar telly ay EB, "Tah — Ini, + E, iy =i, exp Gh) 133131, 0:03 a yd glejhbil api Cy yo 4 Ul al Co ylica Giles bg es Blade eM gal ably Sb ag pail SSI Cons lee clade pla pods aS gle sf ee ash Sails oe dS Casal So pea egal daly yk oe Ue lake can gli we 6 B28 5 fae Sill od ye dle 2 a sesh y gel Gury a3 Ege thd pe pet ach 6 ed 2 Saeed ot ways) F JSS 52 aS del Cu + 2e cu Geb stl joy foils (Cathodic Overpotential) (gusts sijle fly do ysT Sly b waa F lee bbls zB LAST jf thele Glye ub lp, jail pa ocd Gail sljle fnsly ler By as’ ip ge t3la OLED A sls pad Sle B Gi Sol 8s SSS ale ge till jo ae hel E+E E, a Ey Jy Ini, lai, (salls ale jad yf abil ysA fodNp gh elie gS ge pee yr 93/5, ge helene aT ee ay ead ph SL el a B, i a OAZ ay te Gopi Gy ped: Sh clic Giles Cilphi ste gh BL yl habe yy MEI pee b sle lal Geel OT ayfilee) Le jo jb Ky ele aE ULE pa po af AS aya Sslila a a gh she sa anes S cea ah ubaane yng omg job yada if ja Safe C9 Eogrronion 2 edly Ulam Lf balay AF y cathe Maly Tosmrosion atlyt elie § alee Evie Ini. Int cork Mi tse Oh E— lab Sbo jo sis 9 Si aly Jsre coh che ys Fe pets SU Ayla pass UP ay Gil Od SIL auf ya pt ets SS cult Sl 5 i coasts $1) Bape deal ye ati Bam yo y tS y UT ay ey ble a OF 5 Say le Pt Zn SIME fy sa Spa ae Yo ISS 9 len nl wad gt OLS |) SPY — Phy PE Fe ysl HAS EV bey Aa O76 WV ipsam Shes Sti gS otglag gat piel paks V6 Jeu ly sE5s 09 (equilibrium) Jabs wl alt yy eT eles 9 Jolt (Evan's Diagram) Sl yl ¢bb Bylo yeh Gd DL Ul pel Sloe? Gor (H — i adat)) National Malian; slaaylittol BL La T pee pil pew! eager cha ew fasts oo SL te Ls a ts ye, Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) seijfar pF care ya glial yee syd gt dines etsy (gl alsLe Steele htt gt Capel pile desi 93 ASS rs lel ped Heke y pols ape cee pe Sy ep pte sal pe Sd ay LS cea yt (Evan's Diagram) (gal jJagai )-¥-\ se aly 5) colic! (Dynamic Polarization) Srly> Opelp OLEL ylath joe 9 a gh peiige rr eee ples y ob ole otalasT oy ps anbad 4 20 8) po deol (Step by Step) pi a pd Dy po Dp ge AS oSLU goat jas fenile jf all> Glow Dbajam _f- Sr Potentio - Stat fe aa eatl aspen CI je sta 2O1N H,8Q, gael gussily sy calatigLe jf iti olkiawg |) sad inact tala ST ay pe tala ay Ly et pea anily (Potentio-Stat) =.) sly Acer) GS Leif og pe tale a hg ech Soja eel U leley 5 fele Ole sed od) Sy ale Bb js 1.72 cm? Ll Gaede ph ebb alo el SIP pee IV gate pb aS 99 SH 8 eS oa 1 Ula a pnd SY Kyi pe a jlbil Oly or pla dest a 22 wie wale aah a (c5lSy gust ob Gly sim 2 a pb gb Jae cel gar HS “Wi achpeG inde detailed el ype ppecel. plyl el Sls Boorr his tas, c1 DLAs 55535 Veh she b el Sho cal jl Oye VT JSS Lang ga aah Se shdal GAT y SALT stile fensly ai gS a leo Ot ( Saye Leste) Palgit 53 Olen featlyy algal b (Active) JLab ets jay sasT alle Jeadly DT oly Ur apd last age ye \ety cath be yo Fay se pet Sl wes Esorr aie Ey fey | | 1 pelriet Int oly SO, 54 63 S55 UY 98 lye Ol gal gla ged VT Jead law Passive joualy domi aly 9 02 yah Cadl ole SG Oboe Feats slyliasley 42 vty oe heal ee say oe (ALT cil 2) Orgy jh SAT sta Gel yal 50 opt go dla ae lat ge gd SUS dames |) bLiy| 0 G8 Ola Sat cre glee ge Cr OLS lo L Passive oY fal bel syle Gb GLI Sly LB sarlS ol 529 Seles oily UOT 2 SisuT oles, HEY PAS AIS slags ale Gl 2H + 22 Hy SMe ail go Lit «Lol stthac ce otal] bajo dred jo cub or Algal ji GUIS Spats Ly (Jt) at ha pe =i pl Bla Oka dal el Sls eS ee poly IS pew Slee (ote) aS ot pt 8 jad |) Kaan bal ye EATS y (eT alle Glywoly batlp Ble Fe eye TA ee “lg Oly! pL Shs sf Sel yy Joba pe Bae oe al Spat plgyl ly (be ety) Gad poly dbase lm sal pl Sls Sh cl Semel kee a)ul 3! oslical ly BIg gt opajay laa? fe gure Slade Bhatia Lh (Sop (lds yo conse Ly) gl 5 gue ald iaygl aes re Mi a sped mn pF = i OP ear m le M= +. Zo po vlyae i Basie A p= he F= poll ste = 96500 Maggot 8 Sey pelt Sy Lae oleae EE ep alt Se edb eta ly iwcage dale tee par tee er bo ae Calle bb etl Ba saline by Sia tty 2 doses go 1 OLAS ds eh tee tig vil 99 490 Set telene Coke 3 031d Coma 5} aS pte Li.M ‘ as We cus jie ke T= aheA = Gyyab ye OLS wosrlee pally ade F = (gab ote = 96500 teaked opp SOS18 1 by aS roel oye ye ae Gh Lye gh Salas 5 pa Sud dpe pe ope dee 9 dy C2 Gl pe oS ajhl y (oy)! by abl ayy aS 2S hy S505rs cag ha ja Sait ety SN) Ww mn. = 87.6 —— “ r= 87650 T= lh) pr oe W = chy oss jl pe mili p= j6,& oe A= pled pla em? (= Gyabyealjh Senne 98 4 yh ga Mah Fa jltsl ashy Sana G1 jy OT 2 aS EMiSonsS ty J] Sa 23S. 2 askin pl Sls ya elt Sd cals y cal shel, otelejT oy ye gladeoe ya ad bul ob Ska ga Le (aT og aaa) OL yl 05 pla 5 (Uly| pl Sus Geb) Op Boj Vb Sa gb a soo pb aera 7 (hoa ST ctl a dyeasts SLE oe GIL Oke pete HUT au ote Gohl kd See MWe etl aly peacar ay eT aljle Lents SI Ile eal corr. y Econ 1) Gk pry pity acola| (Active) Dd del abet ou eT aS alge lil pe Ob ae Ode Pole gay Dp Sj oVS ples Sy 1 C10, ate Se bln sha pole hassle 39.5 pape tik aay ae cyl delet ge 6 pS ple Sash Vat! 9 ad gl Ree Ge dl gy Ps don a Cray al teal db oe LST Ls 9 5s Le (Passive) poorly 9 AB shee big) od) bale oe il peel AY ep Hy be Seley aby et Alsil Sau Sle 0d pals od Sul sages go sleal 29) Sly ey Opell pip Gul oe yo elt GUSH M ——~ M"* + ne S ogpil ly Wes tabetha gS ESTy perks JS com pull slp webyg gtlslFe es Fe + 2e sly ce ag 4 Cll) WY stew sl! SOL HS0, 93 0p VS clay Sut dab ys WbyT NS Rts peeally SI Sas dy plait HCL ya ol sl ou! 8) gS baa Stale youl wel Sy pha lS al, SES LST Colt pte bs ay nl ae al poi Shyer 19 gS SUSY yh Open ipl ayia bekg)| jo) gM 2g Gel® 4 bbs alNjb Hclilim y Faye tgs cn ihontlty GANT Le oarT age 8 y tpt deal Lila jeaely AUT Vpn nt as wiles ib Obed b> ely 5b Sus badly tl sl pe Ob AS tthe oUt La OL O9 Vayda Gad files eal y (gti eb yo sted BAIS Sh pateS1y 2 ytows pla! jl She which D5 yztye elias WE Steel Lglae 93 GAS) gp! RH? tye os? Hy Gut + Lo, +2e HO ayo ee ol yg lHl the S340, Sli dk 29,8 all H, Gpote, be ates ple ay Oy Sg ate sla pal slajlds 59 sighs alajl aye dane DH y sli pos Sly glade Sey olel 48 bk oo lil 5) Nie Cape el emit Oe Cane MpT po a aT bd pe Ab oll oly App ea) ti s8 asl cabbie oye d cpl ay 0d 6 dlast 85595 (Pourbaix) 4,93 alSba\.¥. OT gf eal Ly aS a pL PH pevaly adel, Olyiige Kerbuo pee daly) Su9 3! SID j pet game feenilea y PPL syeal S39 U gs by SF plas aS a yet et pate 16 = Fe os| Fe(OH), 0 Fe Fe(OH), ie =r o g 1G He HAD pebeagaan Sl ye de ygg ghigad MY Jedial ok che 5: Fie ets SU Eis cra Sh aT ge Caan ay aglin (SID pad yl glans 3 y pl ya ely ube MSS pe AdLS Baa 4g Cael PLS Utes y ager AS aged gre Oly ee layla gad 0S gt Bie lh daly pH top 59 4S ey 83 pr ge Jodie? op jot y Aowlene (Equilibrium) Jabs Yale my layla pad 9 ll stm SN Bl del LG LSS y Stans bil ge canine 53 eels welacilles ya 3 8 ge ope clea Slab legit shea! Cel: Goll b£98 pod shy ge slge 8 El gl Gopal gis pal SubbaceS2yg5 slg yi gl gil ce) Sb he peat DLLs gee Bil ssl cb tty sligleioes aT olS alee g aked oh S18 ple y tl gi Slt a ale (Sy Sj lee Gale Bee hg LF se Soy ye say pe paleo col Saw algal Sys Sd NAS ga pal oc lb ladad par Ugh yo Shae y Sree 9 Slug 7 Slyder > 9 At go SOS sled yy jt ptdige Slabs aay sy Wicd cate 53 Elal oT Opp sled ge lye 32 ole y pl 1p 2 fg woline! oylize ila § JT glad poe g HCL y HAS (HLSO, sla {idee (sled —o| iS ga LB alam 5) y0 HLS Ls CO, (0, Jcilam (sla jl Ls HCOOH .CH,COOH pK a ae LS la 18 plas Soo yy SL oT 52 pa Glee Gly ASL ph te Slabs yb gL 33 9 Sil eye bs SAL ape 4 Oe Gel pow ped yl Lange Ny pla Seo ly yal Gye by y ade Gledenl gt ly etl called LE Lp aD pa oes Ay got Loe A ll hn IT cet pal be Sta oy yale Sag Ole (HS) 45 jf Ay ly afSulphate Reducing Bacteria SRB A OI Tee yy dT gpl ya a pista aod By yl ge gale bs (Sulphate Oxidizing Bacteria) Old) yo nS MoS) GSU ob es SUI 58 Si rat La Satie Raabe pt gh BURA yeh) Cal jl il HySOy Al gi AF Bayer po eat eilewil ble gS ei 05 Borg ple NBT tla panty s Weed ate pe pet ey plee j9 Sl ee Seed hy gt pte Ay led 2 yy) mw lS plate 33 ct Saget ly Say pe ble shea ab Gl ey Gh 8 ah eel pet sls 343 (Uniform Corravion) 2549383 5.93 ¥-) ME eel sy gig ees) OUT j) pS om cpl ya aE ope Vy leaps Ole ps ASS go lets SIT stgly sleul atijla af alent Joly ial gale shi a8 gals Su Me (iso 8) spb abd 45 Sb es Geely yal al ja LL Si AIS] 20% = 02 4 %Mn=O6 5 G81 = 0.23 ou! ole wl ols ta (eT Se Roe aL pees Sa 5 8 A de mh ge tg 08] LEMS) poi Sle Lg (Sy 9 So) Cilla lag a yor Lol te go ls shy) Ly ALS y OT gg yly alder lest jp Gay pe yee oP tulen G poke pani ‘shay BASU oo ey ples! plant Jlul y fad salts slat aS ypu All tara gs spp del age tals Gye A op Ly cheep fey le oly oa Se La y asa UK Slab has DLs iy ge de Aaah pla 52 829% Se slgaleule 9 fet gel 4 Le {(Uniform Corrosion) 1 8 241 Sy (83) 5° OT a bls gee opt Mu WW yp sary P Brat bay Taha Deas oan AIST 1020 ep gSaang ae lad len VT feeday. Fase led Ela (6) FeyC Lio GF Sate Peg Cuil sched pd Gl La 1 Jad pt ale 089g ob cd pad Jae WIS (uy ao wy CS (Cale) FeO Sy HANS, aT als slaw GT aye yy Cope P atlas Yale S59 yMn8 yy D1, 59 2 IL EAS hea Ly sags ST Gta ob SOV pla 55) i aT gpd AO Cos Ly 50 gy Ai NAS co ll GS) Sela ge ot DTT As 98g aa 5 I ING ae yg op IRR Ale LT let yy wy les go bets ly 53 ye (Residual Stresses) anagi olyots Oa yl cot Shey ps UAT syly She ye dias [5 icley os Se Daal aly phe ee ai A a lala ya sais sly GIB Gel oye opt CS Le had go Mat Ty So yh aca Slit oa Kalua yay lal a dal yo dos yo Le aye 55 STL, pee Ci allt agers ils Jeys je BI OT pte pole Fe HO pee 39 ylba aly yl pA alps Saye a NiS ge tle tle V3 sat Ca?* iMg?* SHOOS » Lente pa al gle (5) 10 j0)3.5% by bya OT ST SL RS y tly gt ylo PH By tte clewed bab jah cul. yC* (S02 TCI" AIS oe ay cd y oa ye LO ppm ay de aS cual OF jo oye yO, jladde 4 aly tee a ee elie Gels 52 HSO4 Ogpee Gel L obra i ldlyion dal at 4 analy OL OT Bea uli Say iby ge Wel gain Sale (Mm tad ya lis 9 aba chalets 51 SLE pH ical nia ge SIE at gdgles JLeol cblim ole aly MPO, Yili ly S Cl jlads lawless, UdSy bling pe ie FA all gli Gl ybl dames b bad pad ype Ul say 2 TL sh bls) Oy g Ugaallth jf cong table slabs OT Seas yeols (ane Wl) pale ca nS peta 89 (108 PON a slis tli Jor oll, bes Sabet eg jLbeS Slee pelo y2 dutuk paalleb ppm Aor Jai (5 sl (Pile ast a8 on! yt ESS ad a ell halls Ble ago gh glade S1 Ua sly 2yldS ge Ab cael ey Fae say IS 53 aly ptt GA 09 Sep Sods be ale OF hb sa jg sled NL yp a ap ay ol cya 93 SENN 14 ye dal ye oy satan dein thr te gr ANF JS) Cael dab py psd pS Coy pee ay Sh Wares Suu 41S pleat y diye jf tals AF Js cpiablte gna aS glade ayy Sage GenlesT aS cot Bled gna GUS Say pe cae pe AT Llp gets a8 plas coe actly tals ola ht BM pe 05935 go balaUta g ebeb nays VV IES 53 pe coh 19 pad bla) UALS OT jt day leap Gelat (alate pda js tals) 60% ish apse & S55 ye bhfA wher wld Ely 2 ‘Cm \ ane Rate of Corrosion o 50 80 % Reduction in Arca wre Bo gh oS alge ol pn etabaaes 91 Loa yg Coe yeu dled) VY Jd SV ek atl gait ol abo ly ace EL y ple ed bas ps OTL al aw HS sie wd oLeond eye ly Cold HS IS ulate Aydt cola tly slau 25 So agi abet LiL 5 pee Sly SV yd dle ipl Ciyyles yo Gh wit 5 pad Lal yt (HS) oh 3 SU ot GLI Lo OT cs le ib 591 AIST 1020 cea yb Lala 6] JL aa S gt Bi, thane hala oj SLT y Gale 9 US la ide Ne tama LS 5 ld HOS + Fe —_ FeS +H, Teel col OLE fm clase Byte car ectsT 21s Fe —. Fe?+ + 2e tohel ASI 2H* +2e —_.. H,ib eb y Fue ote bs a Ly eal palpy ect aay gl dst ead yo tol, gb (Mined baline b) $34 9 feoly ial y Stel AS Ty 93 aye ‘Wiew? naaiiet LRG Ly ST a yg 9 UTIs g sil gigas! 9 as UG slag VA Jb a5 ul, ll DU pe AS AL 5 yi Bb 95 ay pm Oy ghia ay by y ST le age al psy SING pam tal | OF Lo 2 ap \yoa,y (Ditfusion) 3 yi foe pull alety ph ns, oe Obes LE Gi tall LEN VA JS sae ARLE Ogee sy OF aia Spa polis el ey ape Gil! (Fiek’s Second Law) SG pgs Uy Gum) 62h} yi (Concentration Polarization) 22S Gina 2H* + O, + 2e i=-p iS See SE 2 D= 3 C= pac chlbmole X= abel cma Fiat led Eyl A Concentration ils x Xr Distance Co ltd ce las oN Jk DS 8 COE el peat ot slo abel U cdile 1 ir aS daa go alos YA Je Stl Les gist pl el aye D=D, op (FF D, = cul suc Q= dij sl R= ljWFeul T= lok Jab pad y dale y Libba Oh aoth pull Cel Se HE Syd fae aS plaeT 5) NS go th S58 OYA eye aS hae pe ey 90S Ilnel 65H dala say yp Cate glial yo bay f1 sl 5 So als Leni Ss as way aT alg 2 pe ae il pl loge Geb ly Soa Ys JS5) 2 yet tal 55 (Activation Polarization) Shai Oj.a) 4) slew! Sah ge ey lee yd (ole IT cm le 9) oles alge 2 pe aly Se So Boye easly ab i 5 I lis ALT ayy abd oy) BLS DAS LST S28 cule Sot Sot (E = IR peal sect eb) oped alge peat sole (Resistance Polarization) 24 sli O goelj1 Ly ylas gs Uy tS pa ph Ee ply Si ASU aah Om oa jS Ue AS gg, ald 3 AB gt Hae S55 ye Soi jolly bub es tal ble ccan gle 1 3)oY SB jeblie 5 Fae ote a on SSS ] ida (all sh Jey Keorr oo z fe ARS ue (gal tple JT) Tien? Or ee A clan yt oa Sh sls Olgal slags dd : * alot Say BT gla pa jh oaldoal by can gle lH a ya 31) Jaa)or Se sled Pll Rl thrall coer Leh te cel Sipe oppo ye player Ppt te RAD LB a Fy OL ge Ly Opel hy eae las pISasd £15 Ogle SARL pat SL pales as 5 he Se slp ges Ladd! pl pl ja call AN ge BLE cll O pad Oh ab 90, CH dle g polio athens OLS Ls May I 5 abil) meme Bp sISt ge oly glee haw yeas so et ela el gE ASI cls ye 5 (a, lttlel pb yc glite Mal 20098 JLab U yol je yh olen! Leek she ibe ULL y cdl tek GLE Ss Blade OV Sosy lel whys yc Be gt say Ogee A sled tel 03 Foals Sl te pa ay IR hpi Slpttigg sl y Bley tl See let cl tay Asaclae pleal dese 59 clawed Cal att by gliety oS olga lie {Crevice Corrosion) .s slid 83 59 1.7 ASUS coal ly eet (TN) ETS Fo yh ay At ea IR S55 6 ol by Saye C2 cal ples pte ou ty (Concentration Polarization) | clele peel sy wld 5s polvartl sgh dy a8 y=+, O, a F ; ail Sea eh fie 5M BA 98 NY ead UDI as LS ylaaa Sylar 2 85) sh 6 alo pd poalea [KS 9 4S Slaw Oy NAS ols Jom pay by iF 5a gent ge (Say OT ay oF AS al gy cee ih aalail Se ast taps Jae Tile Bet, oS Joli ay as atl ayy galf Heil y Soy ge geltge ar See ene eee sila ps als wil pe a ble So App lie 2 Cagle jyey ene oS bla y lynn LS y A595 49 bole ey ol Glael AS y ale ge jy pene yolLb duo aly s toma (Differential aeration) cel aT ale gp aia Sr OT eel SI) ALS ty pte Re BI tb th gL | teil co Bat yp slgcle wh ay ts SARL slpery Jb 52 45 |, Soe ee ey degree ahebcel 5 AS hae edb oe thay Sl py aS teal (Fili-form) cal ot bleed sy) 9 ISG oh yh Canal Soe eT Saag 52 D2 be 30 S05 Bs onl artes pale | OL GES Ly ty AS cad aby ey Lapel yee 4 asked alent Mog it AS gacdige Saas elyil jt Eee EF 28 pas pel tf (Autocatalytic) Sluts s 91 add plasl islet Sly (1-0) 23 Ft ApS Centl ok deel sla pl Faye pe ig) bike M M2 4 Qe gasl Oye 4OH- sislSeLat ©, + 2H,0 + 4e wheel Slee peat Seo aT abe cashes yoy Li ily Ot SF fd SSI clash yo Lobe oe ag be 39 8 ot LSATME ahead oy eT 92 Weed op SOT Gg y3 ey WS ge ge walle Co ye ay AS (CI) pice IS (slg y « (Blectro-Neutrality) poste Sd th ae AS (MCI) ed hal yo SS pb Sai dees yo last Bp 1a 8 al MCI, + 2H,0 M(OH), + 2HCI lee al FeCl, + 3H,0 ——+ Fe(OH), + 3HC1 Y hAde GF gled yo oye ye Uigheee PH Susy lS del Golan ay hey y Sle gal jo dal aly Gal ¥ ool yh DgeST ee ep 5LS Sao sale atl Ly oleel bee HCI aa ped jl ae Uh ety ll pe tar gle eyoo 2 shed Ey! Hcl ——. H' + cr He 6 aH H+H —. + Saab AS pbb pm es LS Ht 5 oghol say p Ujyyte delet coe ye aleals gral ae ube able Soa sdk HI lg SI) G pas 20 Sait gots he SUL pee EIS co HU Syke Ot to eaca ie pn U gn cola y 5d pte Bia Sgr ali AF pl gelem aglasl Lalgs y Seuss 9) py jei(Surface Topography) 145 a cb Est le il gi a alge Sar ake Cel ote Sot Cua ps al pale Bee Saye ls to Say 39 enla.go aaldcel (Passive Film) etpusl glaw 5) 245 jh cublin (sly aS igh Sea gt OES, co Conglita a yh jl is jLd 835s bens ls pat pr sles ye lite Sy ply Ope NGL yp seal OL ce lhe sly at eS, ga Ob 9 gh SIN) gry glia OET el SLT 5 Ss eile alee ijl aed) ike a yl es lbetat ray AS el shyla ote ema fe glow alps Soe jf ASL Bly he gh hye ei ls eg Ge SMB ge yy jl oobi y et (Galvanic Corrosion) Sail gil £4594 1 J cghicn slycse ei 3 Jeb) py Rast Et cul bea ay ju dai 99 aah Sila A3il, + Gla! (Conductive) cgste Jems 9923 515 5) wy UbT Es 53 G9sEI) anu yo Cu Fe Coal gue Sai gS las st Ja