Alfonso_Marck Jullian_ResMeth_3LM2

Fisher, O. M. (2023). Exposing ENDO: Labor Abuse and Exploitation on Contractual Workers
in the Philippines.

In this article, Fisher explores the labor code’s loopholes and how employers exploit
these legal deficiencies, giving insight to the ramifications it incurs on Filipino contractual
workers’ labor rights and protection. The author used legalities from the labor code, labor-related
cases, and conducted an interview on individuals that have extensive knowledge on Philippine
labor dynamics and ENDO-contracting, with the goal to harness their insights regarding said
existing labor issue and identify the loopholes in the law, specifically Article 281 of the labor
code, which enables the continuing prevalence of contractualization in the country. Fisher’s
research focused on interpreting the flaws in Article 281, citing the Brent School doctrine, and
employers taking advantage of such court precedents not construed in favor of labor. This article
is beneficial for my research, as Fisher gives light on the numerous reasons and legal loopholes
in our labor law system which allows the employers practicing contractualization left
imperviously triumphant. The noticeable limitation of the article is that the interview participants
are both heavily against ENDO-contracting which may present a question on reliability since
these can be considered biased opinions. The solutions proposed are to hold corporations
accountable by fining ENDO practice, and adjusting business models to enable better labor rights
and protection. This includes the call to amend a new labor code that promotes human rights and
minimizes employer-employee socio-economic disparity. ENDO-contracting is an outcome of
outdated business and law practices that can be remedied by ethical legal and socio-economic
amendments. This article provides me with solid insights as the legal cornerstone of my research,
owing to the fact that the loopholes around Article 281 that are often circumvented by
employers, is the very legal provision that needs to be tackled and addressed in analyzing the
Impact of ENDO on job security and labor rights. 300 words