SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY VOLUME 64 • NUMBER 6 • November–December 2019

Contents

741 MAJOR REVIEW. Diagnosis of orbital mass lesions: clinical, radiological, and pathological recommendations.
Ilse Mombaerts, MD, PhD, Ingvild Ramberg, MD, Sarah E. Coupland, MD, PhD, and Steffen Heegaard, MD, DMSci
The authors review the diagnostic algorithm for orbital mass lesions, using clinical, radiological, and pathological
recommendations, and discuss the methods and potential pitfalls in orbital tissue biopsy acquisition and analysis.

757 MAJOR REVIEW. Choroidal and retinal thickness in systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: A review.
Martina Steiner, MD, Maria del Mar Esteban‑Ortega, PhD, MD, and Santiago Muñoz‑Fernández, PhD, MD
The authors review the literature regarding the role of choroidal and retinal thickness as a potential inflammatory marker in
systemic autoimmune and inflammatory diseases measured by OCT.

770 MAJOR REVIEW. Critical review: Typical and atypical optic neuritis.
Anne Abel, MD, Collin McClelland, MD, and Michael S. Lee, MD
This review examines the recent literature describing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, neuroimaging, and
management of typical and atypical optic neuritis.

780 MAJOR REVIEW. Surgical management of diabetic tractional retinal detachments.

Siva S.R. Iyer, MD, Kathleen A. Regan, MD, Jordan M. Burnham, MD, and Ching J. Chen, MD
Tractional retinal detachment is an end-stage form of diabetic retinopathy that occurs when contractile forces in the vitreous
and neovascular tissue lead to the detachment of the neurosensory retina. The authors review the literature related to the
management of this disease.

810 MAJOR REVIEW. Pediatric intraocular pressure measurements: Tonometers, central corneal thickness, and
anesthesia.
Mahmoud A. Fayed, MD, and Teresa C. Chen, MD
Measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) is the cornerstone of a comprehensive glaucoma examination. In babies or small
children, however, IOP measurements are problematic, cannot often be performed at the slit lamp, and sometimes require
general anesthesia. Therefore, it is essential for an ophthalmologist who examines a pediatric patient to be aware of the
different tonometers used in children, as well as the effects of central corneal thickness and anesthesia on IOP measurements.

826 DIAGNOSTIC AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES. High-intensity focused ultrasound procedure: The rise of a new
noninvasive glaucoma procedure and its possible future applications.
Chiara Posarelli, MD, PhD, Giuseppe Covello, MD, Anna Bendinelli, MD, Paolo Fogagnolo, MD, Marco Nardi, MD,
and Michele Figus, MD, PhD
The authors review the current literature on the use of high-intensity focused ultrasound in glaucoma, exploring present use,
safety, efficacy, and future clinical applications.

835 GENETICS IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. Heritability of glaucoma and glaucoma-related endophenotypes:

Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Nigus Gebremedhin Asefa, MPH, Anna Neustaeter, MSc, Nomdo M. Jansonius, MD, PhD, and Harold Snieder, PhD
The authors systematically extracted all available heritability (h2) estimates of glaucoma and related endophenotypes from the
literature and summarized the evidence by meta-analysis.

852 CLINICAL PATHOLOGIC REVIEW. Neurothekeoma of the eye, conjunctiva, and periorbital adnexa:
A report of two cases and brief review.
Thonnie Rose O. See, MD, Gustav Stålhammar, MD, PhD, and Hans E. Grossniklaus, MD
The authors report 2 cases of ocular NTK presenting as an orbital mass or chalazion. To date, including these two cases, there
have been 22 cases of ocular and periorbital adnexal NTK reported in the English-language literature. Although rare,
clinicians should include NTK in their differential diagnosis in patients presenting with a periocular soft tissue tumor.

continued on next page

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 858 PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE EYE. Referral to community care from school-based eye care programs in the
United States.
Ahmed F. Shakarchi, MBChB, MPH, and Megan E. Collins, MD, MPH
The authors conducted a literature review and identified 10 programs that provided school-based screening, examinations, and spectacle
prescription and reviewed their referral rates, criteria, mechanisms, adherence, ocular findings at referral, and long-term care plans.

868 CORE COMPETENCIES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY. Phacoemulsification in review: Optimization of cataract

removal in an in vitro setting.
Tyler Boulter, MD, Ashlie Bernhisel, MD, Christina Mamalis, MD, Brian Zaugg, MD, William R. Barlow, MD,
Randall J. Olson, MD, and Jeff H. Pettey, MD
The objective of this review is to compile the advances that have taken place in optimizing phacoemulsification. The authors
summarize published research that describes in vitro evaluations of machines, handpieces, tips, and settings.

876 CLINICAL CHALLENGES. The X factor.

Muhammad Musab Shamim, BS, Aroucha Vickers, DO, Andrew G. Lee, MD, and Fiona Costello, MD, FRCPC
The authors discuss the case of a 45-year-old white woman who presented with acute-on-chronic bilateral, painless,
progressive, peripheral vision loss. Her past medical history was notable for rheumatoid arthritis for which she was being
treated with etanercept (but this was not temporally related to her visual loss).

884 CLINICAL CHALLENGES. A slippery slope.

Andrew W. Gross, Aroucha Vickers, DO, Andrew G. Lee, MD, John J. Chen, MD, PhD, and M. Tariq Bhatti, MD
The authors discuss the case of a 74-year-old white woman who presented with chronic painless progressive binocular horizontal
diplopia for 2 years. Her past medical history was significant for well-controlled hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and hypothyroidism.

891 LETTERS

891 Povidone-iodine can be used in the treatment of microbial keratitis.

Andrzej Grzybowski, MD, PhD, MBA, and Piotr Kanclerz, MD, PhD

892 Authors’ response: Povidone-Iodine for the Treatment of Microbial Keratitis.
Lawson Ung, MD, Paulo J.M. Bispo, PhD, Swapna S. Shanbhag, MD, Michael S. Gilmore, PhD, and
James Chodosh, MD, MPH

894 Annual Listing of Reviewers

Cover: Surgical management of diabetic tractional retinal detachments. (page 780).

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